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Isomeric specific partitioning behaviors of perfluoroalkyl substances in water dissolved phase, suspended particulate matters and sediments in Liao River Basin and Taihu Lake, China
Abstract
The occurrence and distribution of eleven perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and the isomers of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA) were investigated in water dissolved phase, sediment and suspended particulate matter (SPM) in two typical watersheds in China: Liao River Basin and Taihu Lake. The total concentrations of the PFASs in the dissolved phase were 44.4-781 ng/L in Liao River with high contribution of perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) (75.7%) and PFOA (9.86%). The ∑PFASs in the dissolved phase in Taihu Lake was 17.2-94.4 ng/L with PFOA (39.8%), perfluorohexanoate (PFHxA) (30.1%) and PFOS (16.8%) as the dominant PFASs. The log Koc values of the PFASs in both SPM and sediment increased with increasing the perfluorinated carbon chain length. In Liao River Basin, the long chain perfluorocarboxylates (C10-12) bound with SPM contributed >30% to the total amount in water, suggesting that SPM could not be ignored when the environmental load of long chain PFASs in water was assessed. For the isomers of PFOA, PFOS and PFOSA, the linear isomers always displayed higher partition coefficients on particulate phases than the branched ones. An established isomer-profiling technique was applied to assess the relative contributions of various industrial origins for PFOA. In Liao River, when SPM was included in the water samples, there were contributions of PFOA from electrochemical fluorination (ECF) (∼55%), linear telomer (∼41%) and isopropyl telomer (∼4%) sources. While, the results based on the dissolved phase alone indicated more contribution of ECF (∼70%) source and lower contribution from linear telomer (∼26%) source. The discrepancy suggests that omitting SPM from water samples might lead to misunderstanding on the industrial origins of PFOA. In Taihu Lake, the isomer profile of PFOA was influenced mainly by ECF (∼88%) and partially by linear-telomer (∼12%) sources.
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“In particular, cationic and zwitterionic precursors are more susceptible to particle-facilitated transport due to their strong affinity to suspended particles that have a net negative surface charge (Ahrens et al., 2010;Chen et al., 2015).”
From Perfluoroalkyl acids on suspended particles: Significant transport pathways in surface runoff, surface waters, and subsurface soils (2021) · cites this paper as Chen et al., 2015
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, X., Zhu, L., Pan, X., Fang, S., Zhang, Y., & Yang, L.
- Affiliations
- Nankai University (CN)
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhu, Lingyan
- Venue
- Water Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-09
- Volume
- 80
- Pages
- 235-244
- ISSN
- 0043-1354 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W219213640
- Cited by
- 163
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 6.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Water Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 21277077, 21325730, 21077060)
- Ministry of Education (20130031130005)
- Ministry of Environmental Protection (201009026)
- Ministry of Education Innovation Team (IRT 13024)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Fluoride Effects and Removal
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
- Keywords
- perfluorinated compounds, perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOS, PFOSA, suspended particulate matter, sediment partitioning, electrochemical fluorination, Liaohe Basin, Taihu Lake, dissolved phase, long-chain PFAS
- MeSH terms
- Caprylates, China, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Environmental Monitoring, Fluorocarbons, Fresh Water, Geography, Isomerism, Sulfonamides, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Geologic Sediments, Rivers, Particulate Matter, Tandem Mass Spectrometry
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