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Thermo activated persulfate oxidation of antibiotic sulfamethoxazole and structurally related compounds
Abstract
The widespread occurrence of sulfonamides (e.g., sulfamethoxazole) in natural environment has raised growing concerns due to their potential to induce antibiotic-resistant genes. In this study, the degradation of SMX and related sulfonamides by thermo activated persulfate (PS) oxidation was investigated. Experimental results demonstrated that SMX degradation followed pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The pseudo-first-order rate constant (k(obs)) was increased markedly with increasing temperature and pH. The presence of bicarbonate manifested promoting effect on SMX degradation while fulvic acid reduced it. Radical scavenging tests revealed that the predominant oxidizing species was SO4(•-) at neutral pH. Aniline moiety in SMX molecule was confirmed to be the primary reactive site for SO4(•-) attack by comparison with substructural analogues. Reaction products were enriched by solid phase extraction (SPE) and analyzed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). A total of 7 products derived from hydroxylation, sulfonamide S-N bond cleavage, aniline moiety oxidation and coupling reaction were identified, and transformation pathways of SMX oxidation were proposed. Degradation of sulfonamides was appreciably influenced by the heterocyclic ring present in the molecules. Results reveal that thermo activated PS oxidation could be an efficient approach for remediation of water contaminated by SMX and related sulfonamides.
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“Degradation increased from 50% to 99% withHCO 3 - ions”
From Advanced Oxidation Processes for Degradation of Water Pollutants—Ambivalent Impact of Carbonate Species: A Review (2023) · cites this paper as [68]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ji, Y., Fan, Y., Liu, K., Kong, D., & Lu, J.
- Affiliations
- Nanjing Agricultural University (CN)
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Lu, Junhe
- Venue
- Water Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-12
- Volume
- 87
- Pages
- 1-9
- ISSN
- 0043-1354 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1409743805
- Cited by
- 439
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 19.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Water Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- China Postdoctoral Research Funds (2015M570454)
- Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds (1402013A)
- Priority Academic Program Development (PAPD)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Advanced oxidation water treatment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental remediation with nanomaterials
- Keywords
- sulfamethoxazole, sulfonamides, sulfate radicals, antibiotic degradation, antibiotic resistance genes, transformation pathways, pseudo-first-order kinetics, water remediation
- MeSH terms
- Aniline Compounds, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Hot Temperature, Kinetics, Oxidation-Reduction, Sulfamethoxazole, Sulfates, Water Pollutants, Chemical
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