Remote-learning, time-use, and mental health of Ecuadorian high-school students during the COVID-19 quarantine
Open accessAbstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has closed schools around the world, forcing school systems and students to quickly attempt remote learning. We conducted a rapid response phone survey of over 1500 high school students aged 14 to 18 in Ecuador to learn how students spend their time during the period of quarantine, examine their access to remote learning, and measure their mental health status. We find 59 percent of students have both an internet connection at home and a computer or tablet, 74 percent are engaging in some online or telelearning, and 86 percent have done some schoolwork on the last weekday. Detailed time-use data show most students have established similar daily routines around education, although gender and wealth differences emerge in time spent working and on household tasks. Closure of schools and social isolation are the two main problems students say they face, and while the majority are mostly happy, 16 percent have mental health scores that indicate depression.
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Females experienced greater declines in mental health than males in Magson et al. (2021).
“Females experienced greater declines in mental health than males, which is in line with other findings (e.g., Asanov et al., 2021).”
From Adolescents' longitudinal trajectories of mental health and loneliness: The impact of COVID‐19 school closures (2022) · cites this paper as Asanov et al. (2021)
The Mental health section (Table 4) reports higher indicative depression among females than males (19% versus 13%). But the same section says the study had no pre-COVID-19 measures for these students, so it cannot establish that females experienced greater declines in mental health. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe findings from these studies consistently suggest deteriorating mental health among adolescents because of COVID-19.
“The findings from these studies consistently suggest deteriorating mental health among adolescents because of COVID‐19 (e.g., Asanov et al., 2021; Chen et al., 2020; Ellis et al., 2020; Tang et al., 2021; Xie et al., 2020).”
From Adolescents' longitudinal trajectories of mental health and loneliness: The impact of COVID‐19 school closures (2022) · cites this paper as Asanov et al., 2021
Few longitudinal studies have examined the impact of COVID-19-related school closures on the mental health of adolescents.
“To date, few longitudinal studies have examined the impact of COVID‐19‐related school closures on the mental health of adolescents.”
From Adolescents' longitudinal trajectories of mental health and loneliness: The impact of COVID‐19 school closures (2022) · cites this paper as Asanov et al., 2021
The Introduction and Mental health sections discuss students’ mental health during school closures, but do not assess how many longitudinal studies have examined it. The Mental health section says the authors lack pre-COVID-19 measures for these students; that does not establish the claimed gap in the wider literature. Searches for longitudinal studies and school-closure mental-health research found no passage addressing that gap. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.72)
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Research works printed but not linked: 3
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- Veit C. Ware J. The structure of psychological distress and wellbeing in general populations Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 51 1983 730 742 6630688
- Yamazaki, Shin, Shunichi Fukuhara, and Joseph Green (2005) Usefulness of five-item and three-item Mental Health Inventories to screen for depressive symptoms in the general Population of Japan. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 3/1/48. PMC1201161 16083512
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- Authors
- Asanov, I., Flores, F., McKenzie, D., Mensmann, M., & Schulte, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Kassel (DE)
- World Bank (US)
- University of Warwick (GB)
- HEC Paris (FR)
- Corresponding author
- McKenzie, David
- Venue
- World Development
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-02
- Volume
- 138
- Pages
- 105225
- ISSN
- 0305-750X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7581322
- OpenAlex
- W3027528203
- Cited by
- 232
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 9 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 72.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- World Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Education during COVID-19 pandemic
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Keywords
- distance education, COVID-19 quarantine, high school students, student mental health, time use, school closures, social isolation, digital access, housework, gender differences, wealth inequality, depression, Ecuador
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