Prevalence of mental health symptoms in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and its accompanying infection control measures introduced sudden and significant disruptions to the lives of children and adolescents around the world. Given the potential for negative impacts on the mental health of youths as a result of these changes, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep disturbances in children and adolescents during the pandemic. We searched major literature databases for relevant cross-sectional or longitudinal studies that included primary and secondary school students or children and adolescents ≤18 years of age. Prevalence values were extracted, logit-transformed, and pooled. Based on 191 included studies with 1,389,447 children and adolescents, we found the pooled prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep disturbances to be 31%, 31%, and 42%, respectively. Age, grade levels, education levels, gender, geographical regions, and electronics use were correlated with the prevalence of mental health symptoms. The prevalence of mental health symptoms also increased with time, although signs of recovery and stabilization were also observed. Overall, the results from this review demonstrate the need for increased mental health research, monitoring, and intervention for children and adolescents during the current and future pandemics.
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Women have higher prevalence rates of both depression and anxiety problems.
“women have higher prevalence rates of both depression and anxiety problems (Deng et al., 2023; Shorey et al., 2022)”
From Process of change and efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescents: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. (2025) · cites this paper as Deng et al., 2023
The “Subgroup analyses by gender” section reports higher prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in female youths than in male youths. The claim extends this finding from children and adolescents to women generally, which this paper does not establish. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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Sleep Deprivation and Insomnia in Adolescence: Implications for Mental Health
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“This was slightly lower than the global prevalence of 30% among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic reported by a recent meta-analysis [37].”
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Ding, X., Shang, B., Xie, C., Xin, J., & Yu, F. (2025) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-025-04564-x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Green Space and Internalizing or Externalizing Symptoms Among Children
Towe‐Goodman, N. R., McArthur, K., Willoughby, M. T., Swingler, M. M., Wychgram, C., Just, A. C., Kloog, I., Bennett, D. H., Berry, D. J., Hazlehurst, M. F., et al. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.5742 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Schäfer, S. K., Streit, S., Schäfer, C. G., Roembell, L. B., Corneli, M., Schaubruch, L. M., Wessa, M., Lieb, K., Equit, M., & Fuhr, D. C. (2025) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-025-02796-5 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Yang, J., Jung, M., Picco, L., Grist, E., Lloyd‐Jones, M., Giummarra, M. J., & Nielsen, S. (2024) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.16574 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Do, E. K., Tulsiani, S., Koris, K., Minter, T., & Hair, E. C. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.127 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Wang, L.-J.-Z., Lan, Y., Liu, S.-J., & Yan, W.-S. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05021-2 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“As many studies pointed out, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruptions to the lives and negative impacts on the mental health of children and adolescents around the world [94, 95], and increasing need for research, monitoring, prevention, and intervention for mental health of children and adolescents re…”
BackgroundBarbieri, V., Piccoliori, G., Mahlknecht, A., Plagg, B., Ausserhofer, D., Engl, A., & Wiedermann, C. J. (2023) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs13080643 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
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“The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the consequent implemented confinement measures have caused significant disruptions in daily lives and societal norms, with both immediate and long-term implications for mental health and well-being [1].”
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“Researchers have found several variables such as age, grade level, education level, gender, geographic region, and electronic use to be correlated with the incidence of mental health symptoms [11].”
Backgroundvan Oers, H. A., Alrouh, H., Tieskens, J. M., Luijten, M. A. J., de Groot, R., Broek, E., van der Doelen, D., Klip, H., De Meyer, R., van der Mheen, M., et al. (2024) · JCPP Advances · doi:10.1002/jcv2.12213 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Meta ‐ analyses and reviews conducted over a more extended period of time have shown the persistence of these problems throughout the pandemic (Deng et al., 2023; Harrison et al., 2022; Kauhanen et al., 2023; Ludwig ‐ Walz et al., 2023; Newlove ‐ Delgado et al., 2023; Samji et al., 2022).”
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“, 2021), with similarly high estimates through October 2022 (Deng et al., 2022).”
Yang, Z., Peng, H., & Xin, S. (2024) · Acta Psychologica Sinica · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1041.2024.00482 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Utilization of antidepressants, anxiolytics, and hypnotics during the COVID-19 pandemic
Tiger, M., Castelpietra, G., Wesselhoeft, R. T., Lundberg, J., & Reutfors, J. (2024) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-024-02894-z · Cited by 19 · see citing works
López-Pinar, C., Lara-Merín, L., & Macías, J. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.076 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent sleep behavior
Rocha, S., & Fuligni, A. J. (2023) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101648 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“highly prevalent among adolescents during the pandemic (31%) and tended to get worse from 2020 into 2021 [10,55].”
Sleep and Adolescent Depression
Fontanellaz-Castiglione, C. E. G., & Tarokh, L. (2023) · Clinical and Translational Neuroscience · doi:10.3390/ctn8010003 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“The estimated prevalence of major depressive disorders as well as anxiety disorders among the general global population increased by over 20% during 2020 [39,40].”
BackgroundMaloney, J., Whitehead, J., Long, D., Kaufmann, J., Oberle, E., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Cianfrone, M., Gist, A., & Samji, H. (2024) · Social and Emotional Learning Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1016/j.sel.2024.100044 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Barbieri, V., Piccoliori, G., Engl, A., & Wiedermann, C. J. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21070933 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“These range from increased anxiety and depression to changes in social interactions and overall mental health [2,3].”
BackgroundChoi, E. J., Christiaans, E., & Duerden, E. G. (2025) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2025.108688 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Du, X., Wu, H., Yalikun, S., Li, J., Jia, J., Duan, T., Zhou, Z., & Ren, Z. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.12.094 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Discrimination, critical consciousness, and mental health in American youth of color
Desmarais, A., & Christophe, N. (2024) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.13026 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Zeiler, M., Vögl, S., Prinz, U., Werner, N., Wagner, G., Karwautz, A., Zeller, N., Ackermann, L., & Waldherr, K. (2025) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/67418 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Barbieri, V., Wiedermann, C. J., Piccoliori, G., Mahlknecht, A., Plagg, B., Ausserhofer, D., Ravens‐Sieberer, U., & Engl, A. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10050895 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“[11] found a prevalence of 31% for anxiety and depressive symptoms and 42% for sleep disturbance in children and adolescents worldwide, with higher percentages in the Eastern Mediterranean and European regions.”
BackgroundInfluentialInternalizing the COVID-19 pandemic: Gendered differences in youth mental health
Hoyt, L. T., Dotson, M. P., Suleiman, A. B., Burke, N. L., Johnson, J. B., & Cohen, A. K. (2023) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101636 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Koch-Institut, R. (2024) · PubMed Central · doi:10.25646/11868 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Hepworth, A., Haddad, H., & Edmonds, C. J. (2024) · Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning · doi:10.1080/14729679.2024.2393130 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“There was also a large pandemic-related increase in child and adolescent mental health symptoms (Deng et al., 2023), which could similarly be ameliorated by increased availability and engagement with outdoor learning, including Forest School.”
Cosma, A. P., Martin, G., de Looze, M. E., Walsh, S. D., Paakkari, L. T., Bilz, L., Gobiņa, I., Page, N., Hulbert, S., Inchley, J., et al. (2024) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.09.028 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“…their better grasp and awareness of the implications of the pandemic [48], as well as a greater impact of more limited in-person socialization with peers at a developmental stage where peers increasingly replace parents/family as key socializing fi gures, as adolescents get older [49,50].”
Evidence linking COVID-19 and the health/well-being of children and adolescents: an umbrella review
Duan, C., Liu, L., Wang, T., Wang, G., Jiang, Z., Li, H., Zhang, G., Li, Y., Li, C., & Cao, Y. (2024) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-024-03334-x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Additional file 13 [49, 50, 58, 82, 99, 113, 142] summarizes single-arm evidence about health impacts during the pandemic.”
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic, psychologists’ professional quality of life and mental health
Kercher, A., Rahman, J., & Pedersen, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1339869 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Rarani, M. A., Aghdash, S. A., Isfahani, H. M., & Mohseni, M. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19729-7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“[21–32] Table 3 Prevalence of anxiety according to severity [21, 22, 26, 30, 33–38]”
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Korczak, D. J., Lo, R. F., Rizeq, J., Crosbie, J., Charach, A., Anagnostou, E. A., Birken, C. S., Monga, S., Kelley, E. A., Nicolson, R., et al. (2024) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116101 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Alizadeh, S., Shahrousvand, S., Sepandi, M., & Alimohamadi, Y. (2023) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-023-02168-w · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“The results of Deng et al.'s meta-analysis showed that the estimates of the prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents in South and East Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean region during the Covid-19 pandemic were significantly higher compared to other regions (Deng et al .”
Growing (up) in times of multiple crises – A call for mental health (research) action
Asbrand, J., Michael, T., Christiansen, H., & Reese, G. (2023) · Clinical Psychology in Europe · doi:10.32872/cpe.12713 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Despite the increased need to address mental health problems among young people (e.g. Deng et al., 2023), sufficient in-patient and outpatient mental health care systems are yet to be implemented.”
BackgroundTatsiopoulou, P., Serdari, A., Bonti, E., & Zilikis, N. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-07532-6 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Antoniou, T., PAJER, K. A., Gardner, W. P., Penner, M., Lunsky, Y., Tadrous, M., Mamdani, M., Gozdyra, P., Juurlink, D. N., & Gomes, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2023.1282845 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“…by research demonstrating increases in depressive symptoms and self-injury among Ontario children and youth between the fi rst and second waves of the pandemic and international research showing an increased prevalence of anxiety, depression and sleep disorders through October 2022 (42, 45).”
BackgroundYani, D. I., Chua, J. Y. X., Wong, J. C. M., Pikkarainen, M. A., & Shorey, S. (2024) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.13494 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
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Caregiver and Child Mental Health During 3 Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Price, A. M. H., Measey, M., Hoq, M., Rhodes, A., & Goldfeld, S. R. (2024) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2023-064658 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Gaona-Sánchez, L. D., Jiménez-Gutiérrez, M. J., & Gallegos, A. M. V. (2025) · Innova Science Journal · doi:10.63618/omd/isj/v3/n3/100 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Boyle, C., Sanders, M. R., Ma, T., Hodges, J., Allen, K., Cobham, V. E., Darmawan, I., Dittman, C. K., Healy, K. L., Hepburn, S., et al. (2025) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.70066 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Lawson, G. M., & Owens, J. S. (2024) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-024-09707-0 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Mental health challenges represent a key cause of distress and impairment among children and adolescents (Merikangas et al., 2010), and these challenges have exacerbated in recent years (Deng et al., 2023).”
Yang, X., Miao, J., Bai, Y., Li, L., & Zhuang, G. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1370601 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Age, grade level, education level, gender, geographical region, and electronics use were correlated with the prevalence of mental health symptoms (4).”
BackgroundKhaled, K., Abdulbaki, N., Almilaji, O., Casey, C., & Tsofliou, F. (2026) · Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1111/jhn.70217 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
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“The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruptions in people’s lives worldwide, with adolescents’ mental health being particularly impacted [9].”
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“6), the analysis included 11 studies involving females [29, 30, 35, 38, 44, 51, 69, 80, 88, 96, 101] and 9 studies involving males [29, 30, 35, 44, 51, 69, 80, 88, 96].”
Angst und Depression bei Jugendlichen
Resch, F., & Parzer, P. (2024) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-024-03849-x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Kercher, A., Beattie, S., Donkin, L., & Shepherd, D. (2024) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100120 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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Colon-Morillo, R. E., Kartalias, K., Bryan, T. P., & Edmonds, E. W. (2025) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/03635465241307207 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Validation of the Chinese version of patient health Questionnaire-4 among Chinese adolescents
Xu, H., Zhang, C., Guo, H., Luo, T., Song, J., Shen, Q., Chen, Y., Xu, J., Tan, S., & Jiang, R. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119505 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Review of Child and Adolescent Mental Health (CAMH) Policy in Mainland China
Tan, L., & Shek, D. T. L. (2025) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-025-10480-8 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Gaspar, T., Carvalho, M., Guedes, F. B., Cerqueira, A., & de Matos, M. G. (2023) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-023-10092-4 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“The pandemic has further increased the differences between these higher-risk groups (Deng et al., 2022; World Health Organization, 2023a, 2023b).”
Kaniasty, K. Z., & van der Meulen, E. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0310734 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Adolescents' Reflections on Mental Health: Key Findings From a 13-Country Qualitative Study
Fine, S. L., Lai, J., Martinez-Baack, M., Oliveira, J. D. D., & Blum, R. W. (2025) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.09.005 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Viewpoint: Supporting mental health in the current management of rheumatoid arthritis: time to act!
Doumen, M., Pazmiño, S., Verschueren, P., & Westhovens, R. (2023) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kead248 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Ang, B. H., Gollapalli, S. D., Du, M., & Ng, S.-K. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/59524 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Lee, H., Fosco, G. M., & Feinberg, M. E. (2024) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.14179 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Wu, H., Lin, Y., Yang, L., Lai, W., Li, Y., Xu, Y., Wang, W., Yang, L., Lu, C., & Yan, B. (2024) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-024-00836-7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Tran, S. T., Bieniak, K. H., Bedree, H., Adler, M. J., Ogunmona, S., Kovar-Gough, I., Ma, W., Thabrew, H., & Cunningham, N. R. (2024) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsae097 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Habermann, K., Napp, A.-K., Reiß, F., Kaman, A., Erhart, M., & Ravens‐Sieberer, U. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1510355 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Lekamge, R. B., Jain, R., Sheen, J., Solanki, P., Zhou, Y., Romero, L., Barry, M. M., Chen, L., Karim, M. N., & Ilić, D. (2025) · Campbell Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/cl2.70024 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Breath-Focused Mindfulness and Compassion Training in Parent-Child Dyads: Pilot Intervention Study
Jaiswal, S., Nan, J., Dizon, S., Young, J. O., Purpura, S. R., Manchanda, J. K., Ramanathan, D., Kuo, D. J., & Mishra, J. (2025) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/69607 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Moro, G. L., Scaioli, G., Conrado, F., Lusiani, L., Pinto, S., Rolfini, E., Bert, F., & Siliquini, R. (2024) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.13449 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“…recent relevant reviews highlighted a substantial impact of the pandemic and related restrictive measures on children and adolescents’ mental health (Deng et al., 2022; K. Jones et al., 2023; Ludwig-Walz et al., 2022; Saulle et al., 2022), suggesting that the prevalence of symptoms may increase…”
InfluentialKhudair, S. A., Khader, Y. S., Nsour, M. A., & Tanaka, E. (2024) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.13459 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Xiao, H., Wu, Y., Chen, Z., & Nie, Y. (2024) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107779 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A bibliometric analysis of anxiety and depression among primary school students
Jian, F., Yu, W. B., Li, S., & Sun, W. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1431215 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Exploring teen well-being and social media use during the pandemic summer of 2020
Rutledge, S. A., Bunn, S., Paul, M., Dennen, V. P., & Park-Gaghan, T. J. (2025) · International Journal of Adolescence and Youth · doi:10.1080/02673843.2024.2447464 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Likewise, Ravens-Sieberer et al. (2021), Deng et al. (2023) and Kauhanen et al. (2023) all found that adolescents felt burdened by COVID-19 and reported significantly lower health-related quality of life, more mental health issues and higher levels of anxiety.”
Xiao, H., Chen, P., Xiao, H., Zhong, P., He, J., & Nie, Y. (2025) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-025-00943-z · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Emerging literature [1–4] has documented a troubling decline in mental health outcomes among young populations, with maladjustment manifesting across behavioral, psychological, social, and academic domains [5, 6].”
Hon, K., Hamamura, T., Hasking, P. A., Lim, E., Hon, K., & Boyes, M. E. (2025) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102685 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Exploring reciprocal links between early adolescent coping and internalizing symptoms
Mytelka, C., Narendorf, S. C., Baumler, E. R., Acquati, C., & Temple, J. R. (2024) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.12429 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
de Bruijn, A. G. M., Ehren, M., Meeter, M., & Kortekaas-Rijlaarsdam, A. F. (2025) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2025.1514895 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Ahufinger, N., Aguilera, M., Guerra, E., Giberga, A., Verdaguer-Ribas, O., Balboa-Castells, R., Andreu, L., Esteve‐Gibert, N., & Sanz‐Torrent, M. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104927 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Machlin, L., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2023) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101647 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Francisco, R., Raposo, B., Hormigo, M., Sesifredo, M., Carvalho, Á., Justo, A., & Godinho, C. I. A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1213293 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Baiden, P., Azasu, E., LaBrenz, C. A., Baiden, J. F., Gobodzo, E. C., Mets, V. E., & Broni, M. N. (2023) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107351 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Jin, J., Yuan, G. F., An, Y., & Li, X. S. (2024) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-023-01650-6 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Owens, J. S., Exner‐Cortens, D., Cappella, E., DeShazer, M., May, N., Seipp, J. W., Claussen, C., Zieg, N., & Garcia, M. (2024) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-024-09653-x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“These behaviors may manifest as a function of student mental health challenges and/or student stress related to inequities facing their communities, which have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic (Deng et al., 2023; Institute of Education Sciences, n.d.).”
Understanding Adolescent Mental Health in the COVID-19 Era: A Psychodynamic Approach
Akın, A., & Sarrar, L. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11070772 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“The discovered prevalence of mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic aligns with other studies [32–34], supporting the generalizability of the study results discussed below.”
ResultMayman, Y. R., Crowley, T., & van Wyk, B. E. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21111517 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“The COVID-19 pandemic and its subsequent lockdown measures also introduced significant disruptions to the daily lives of children and adolescents around the world and affected the treatment and adherence of ALHIV to ART [21].”
Li, M., Beckwith, S., Fine, S. L., Mafuta, E. M., Lian, Q., Martinez-Baack, M., & Moreau, C. (2024) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.09.012 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Ahmed, S. K., Dabrowski, A., Dix, K., & Carslake, T. (2023) · doi:10.37517/978-1-74286-714-4 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Norouzi, E., & Shojaei, B. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03118-9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“The results of the present study indicate that adolescent athletes in Tehran experience high levels of mental health problems, perceived stress, and sleep disturbances, which aligns with previous research [39–41].”
Sourander, A., Zhang, X., Dadras, O., Abio, A., Mishina, K. E., Ståhlberg, T., Mori, Y., Gilbert, S., Heinonen, E., & Gyllenberg, D. (2025) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/camh.70040 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“…difference highlights a critical area of concern that the pandemic ’ s role in exacerbating pre-existing gender disparities in mental health is consistent with prepandemic fi ndings of greater internalizing symptoms among females (Deng et al., 2023; Kauhanen et al., 2023; Keyes & Platt, 2024).”
Dimova, E. D., Roddick, K., Hunter, S. C., Delfmann, L. R., Morgan, A., McPherson, K. E., Currie, C. E., McAloney‐Kocaman, K., McCann, B., & McKendrick, J. H. (2026) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-026-02019-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Global economic burden of depression in 154 countries from 2025 to 2050
Cao, Z., Luo, Y., Jiao, L., Chen, W., Klaus Prettner, A., Kühn, M., Bloom, D. E., Jamison, D. T. T., Bärnighausen, T., & Chen, S. (2026) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04548-7 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Rahmon, I. J., Bosmans, M. W. G., Baliatsas, C., Hooiveld, M., Marra, E., & Dückers, M. (2024) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/53368 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Milewczyk, C. M. K., Holtmann, M., Legenbauer, T., & Derks, L. M. (2025) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-025-00899-0 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Analyses found a pooled 31% prevalence of both depressive and anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents [9].”
Du, X., Jia, J., Duan, T., Tao, X., Li, J., Yalikun, S., Wu, H., Zhou, Z., & Ren, Z. (2025) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.70046 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Kara, B., Scharf, N., McCormick, K. C., Bhreathnach, L., Currie, C. E., & Symonds, J. E. (2025) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.70038 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Fehkührer, S., Humer, E. C., Kaltschik, S., Pieh, C., Probst, T., Diestler, G., & Jesser, A. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11162242 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Usami, M., Satake, N., Katsuyama, H., Okudera, K., Uchiyama, Y., Imamura, M., Hayakawa, T., Yanai, H., & Aoyanagi, N. (2024) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports · doi:10.1002/pcn5.175 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Deng, J., Zhou, F., Hou, W., Heybati, K., Lohit, S., Abbas, U., Silver, Z., Wong, C. Y., Chang, O., Huang, E., Zuo, Q. K., Moskalyk, M., Ramaraju, H. B., & Heybati, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- McMaster University (CA)
- Western University (CA)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Carleton University (CA)
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School (US)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Queen's University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Deng, Jiawen
- ORCID
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2022-12-20
- Volume
- 1520
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 53-73
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- PMC
- PMC9880764
- OpenAlex
- W4312019441
- Cited by
- 283
- References
- 252
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 91 · 2024: 105 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 10.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Scholarship at UWindsor (University of Windsor) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- McMaster University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, children and adolescents, psychiatric symptoms, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, sleep disorders, prevalence, school students, digital technology use, gender differences, post-pandemic recovery
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, Adolescent, Anxiety, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Humans, Mental Health, Sleep Wake Disorders, Prevalence, Pandemics
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