Refashioning benzothiadiazole dye as an activatable nanoprobe for biomarker detection with NIR-II fluorescence/optoacoustic imaging
Open accessAbstract
Endogenous nitric oxide is important for living beings; hence, accurate and non-invasive detection of nitric oxide (NO) in situ is of significance. Benzothiadiazole-core chromophores are important near-infrared II (NIR-II) dyes, but such limitations as fluorescence quenching in aqueous media and non-activatable response constitute major barriers for biological applications. To address these issues, here we report an activatable nanoprobe, [email protected]βCD, with aggregation-induced emission for detecting the biomarker NO. The molecular probe BNDA and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HβCD) form the amphiphilic host-guest complex BNDA-HβCD, which readily forms nanoaggregates in aqueous media and thereby affords the nanoprobe [email protected]βCD. NO reacts with the probe and generates the activated probe, which displays strong NIR-II fluorescence emission and optoacoustic signals. [email protected]βCD can detect liver injury and monitor therapeutic outcome in a mouse model by detecting hepatic NO; it can also image NO in soybean sprouts. The results indicate that [email protected]βCD is a robust tool for detecting NO in both animals and plants.
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Upon reaction with NO, the phenylenediamino group was converted into a triazole, markedly enhancing the electron-withdrawing strength of the BTD core and activating strong NIR-II fluorescence at 900-1100 nm and optoacoustic absorption at 650-850 nm.
“Upon reaction with NO, the phenylenediamino group was converted into a triazole, markedly enhancing the electron-withdrawing strength of the BTD core and activating strong NIR-II fluorescence (900–1100 nm) and optoacoustic absorption (650–850 nm).”
From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [124]
Wu et al. reported an activatable molecular probe featuring an ortho-phenylenediamino moiety as a specific NO-responsive unit attached to the benzothiadiazole core.
“Wu et al. reported an activatable molecular probe, featuring an ortho-phenylenediamino moiety as a specific NO-responsive unit attached to the benzothiadiazole (BTD) core124.”
From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [124]
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References 72 · Cited by 29
- Authors
- Chen, J., Chen, L., Fang, Y., Zeng, F., & Wu, S.
- Affiliations
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zeng, Fang
- Wu, Shuizhu
- Venue
- Cell Reports Physical Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-02
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 100570
- ISSN
- 2666-3864 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3200238379
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9
- FWCI
- 1.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Reports Physical Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (21788102, 21875069)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
- Keywords
- nitric oxide detection, NIR-II fluorescence, photoacoustic imaging, aggregation-induced emission, host-guest complexes, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, nanoparticle aggregation, biomarker detection
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