The DOI matches its Crossref record; 273 of the 273 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Molecular mechanisms and cellular events involved in the neuroprotective actions of estradiol. Analysis of sex differences
Open accessAbstract
Estradiol, either from peripheral or central origin, activates multiple molecular neuroprotective and neuroreparative responses that, being mediated by estrogen receptors or by estrogen receptor independent mechanisms, are initiated at the membrane, the cytoplasm or the cell nucleus of neural cells. Estrogen-dependent signaling regulates a variety of cellular events, such as intracellular Ca 2+ levels, mitochondrial respiratory capacity, ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, autophagy and apoptosis. In turn, these molecular and cellular actions of estradiol are integrated by neurons and non-neuronal cells to generate different tissue protective responses, decreasing blood-brain barrier permeability, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity and promoting synaptic plasticity, axonal growth, neurogenesis, remyelination and neuroregeneration. Recent findings indicate that the neuroprotective and neuroreparative actions of estradiol are different in males and females and further research is necessary to fully elucidate the causes for this sex difference.
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“and stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation via the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway and the AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway [90–93]”
From Delayed short-term tamoxifen treatment does not promote remyelination or neuron sparing after spinal cord injury (2020) · cites this paper as [90]
In the citing paper
“Estrogen reduces cell death by reducing extracellular glutamate and reactive oxygen species [88–90]”
From Delayed short-term tamoxifen treatment does not promote remyelination or neuron sparing after spinal cord injury (2020) · cites this paper as [90]
Citations
Cites
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Estrogen Signaling Multiple Pathways to Impact Gene Transcription
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Estrogen: A master regulator of bioenergetic systems in the brain and body
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The neuroprotective actions of oestradiol and oestrogen receptors
Arévalo, M., Azcoitia, Í., & García‐Segura, L. M. (2014) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3856 · Cited by 478
Brain estrogen deficiency accelerates Aβ plaque formation in an Alzheimer's disease animal model
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Brain aromatase is neuroprotective
Azcoitia, Í., Sierra, A., Veiga, S. J., Honda, S., Harada, N., & García‐Segura, L. M. (2001) · Journal of Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/neu.1038 · Cited by 272
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Acosta-Martínez, M. (2020) · The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.119.264598 · Cited by 51
Pukos, N., & McTigue, D. M. (2020) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0235232 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Azcoitia, I., Barreto, G. E., & Garcia-Segura, L. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Limerick (IE)
- ORCID
- Barreto, George E.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-10
- Volume
- 55
- Pages
- 100787
- ISSN
- 0091-3022 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2972443643
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 273
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 21
- FWCI
- 2.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Docta Complutense (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras
- Agencia Estatal de Investigación (BFU2017-82754-R)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- estradiol, neuroprotection, estrogen receptor, sex differences, intracellular calcium, mitochondrial function, autophagy, apoptosis, blood-brain barrier permeability, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, synaptic plasticity, axon growth, neurogenesis, remyelination, nerve regeneration
- MeSH terms
- Neuroprotection, Animals, Autophagy, Estradiol, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Neuronal Plasticity, Receptors, Estrogen, Sex Characteristics, Signal Transduction, Apoptosis, Neurogenesis
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