The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 57 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Detection of endometrial cancer via molecular analysis of DNA collected with vaginal tampons.
Open accessAbstract
Objective We demonstrate the feasibility of detecting EC by combining minimally-invasive specimen collection techniques with sensitive molecular testing.Methods Prior to hysterectomy for EC or benign indications, women collected vaginal pool samples with intravaginal tampons and underwent endometrial brushing. Specimens underwent pyrosequencing for DNA methylation of genes reported to be hypermethylated in gynecologic cancers and recently identified markers discovered by profiling over 200 ECs. Methylation was evaluated individually across CpGs and averaged across genes. Differences between EC and benign endometrium (BE) were assessed using two-sample t-tests and area under the curve (AUC).Results Thirty-eight ECs and 28 BEs were included. We evaluated 97 CpGs within 12 genes, including previously reported markers (RASSF1, HSP2A, HOXA9, CDH13, HAAO, and GTF2A1) and those identified in discovery work (ASCL2, HTR1B, NPY, HS3ST2, MME, ADCYAP1, and additional CDH13 CpG sites). Mean methylation was higher in tampon specimens from EC v. BE for 9 of 12 genes (ADCYAP1, ASCL2, CDH13, HS3ST2, HTR1B, MME, HAAO, HOXA9, and RASSF1) (all p<0.05). Among these genes, relative hypermethylation was observed in EC v. BE across CpGs. Endometrial brush and tampon results were similar. Within tampon specimens, AUC was highest for HTR1B (0.82), RASSF1 (0.75), and HOXA9 (0.74). This is the first report of HOXA9 hypermethylation in EC.Conclusion DNA hypermethylation in EC tissues can also be identified in vaginal pool DNA collected via intravaginal tampon. Identification of additional EC biomarkers and refined collection methods are needed to develop an early detection tool for EC.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Interest has increased in the use of biomarkers, such as DNA methylation, to i mprove early detection of endometrial cancer. 31,32,170,171”
From Association of Endometrial Cancer Risk With Postmenopausal Bleeding in Women (2018) · cites this paper as [31]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Jemal, A., Bray, F., Ferlay, J., Ward, E., & Forman, D. (2011) · CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.20107 · Cited by 55,077
Global Cancer Statistics, 2002
Parkin, D. M., Bray, F., Ferlay, J., & Pisani, P. (2005) · CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/canjclin.55.2.74 · Cited by 18,710
Siegel, R., Ma, J., Zou, Z., & Jemal, A. (2014) · CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.21208 · Cited by 11,499
(1968) · American Association of Industrial Nurses Journal · doi:10.1177/216507996801601208 · Cited by 8,811
Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2016
Miller, K. D., Siegel, R. L., Lin, C. C., Mariotto, A. B., Kramer, J. L., Rowland, J. H., Stein, K. D., Alteri, R., & Jemal, A. (2016) · CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.21349 · Cited by 6,066
Integrated genomic characterization of endometrial carcinoma
The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network, & Levine, D. A. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12113 · Cited by 5,784
Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Colon: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Park, P. Y., Goldin, T. A., Chang, J. C. S., Markman, M. M., & Kundranda, M. N. (2015) · Case Reports in Oncology · doi:10.1159/000441772 · Cited by 5,273
Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2012
Siegel, R. L., Desantis, C. E., Virgo, K. S., Stein, K., Mariotto, A. B., Smith, T. G., Cooper, D. L., Gansler, T. S., Lerro, C. C., Fedewa, S. A., et al. (2012) · CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.21149 · Cited by 2,979
Multitarget Stool DNA Testing for Colorectal-Cancer Screening
Imperiale, T. F., Ransohoff, D. F., Itzkowitz, S. H., Levin, T. R., Lavin, P., Lidgard, G. P., Ahlquist, D. A., & Berger, B. M. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1311194 · Cited by 1,900
Mariani, A., Dowdy, S. C., Cliby, W. A., Gostout, B. S., Jones, M. B., Wilson, T. O., & Podratz, K. C. (2008) · Gynecologic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.01.023 · Cited by 806
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–106 of 106
Su, K., Wen, K., Lin, Y., Su, P., Chen, L., & Lai, H. (2025) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.70731
Beyond Incremental: Embracing Transformative Innovation in Women’s Health
Evans, M. I., Devoe, L. D., Ryan, G. F., Britt, D. W., & Macedonia, C. R. (2026) · Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.3390/reprodmed7010016 · Cited by 1
Wang, H., & Wang, F. (2026) · Stem Cells International · doi:10.1155/sci/5505750
Li, D., Wu, P., Zheng, J., Yang, Y., Shan, W., Yi, J., Zhao, D., Yang, S., Hu, Y., Zhu, X., et al. (2026) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102805
He, P., Wang, Y., Xie, N., Liu, C., Liu, P., Wang, L., Yin, S., Zhou, S., Cai, H., & Fu, C. M. (2026) · JCO Precision Oncology · doi:10.1200/po-25-01081
Molecular Characteristics and Carcinogenesis of Endometrial Cancer
Porcayo, M. A. T., & Guerrero, A. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-13454-7_20
Metadata
- Authors
- Bakkum-Gamez, J. N., Wentzensen, N., Maurer, M. J., Hawthorne, K. M., Voss, J. S., Kroneman, T. N., Famuyide, A. O., Clayton, A. C., Halling, K. C., Kerr, S. E., Cliby, W. A., Dowdy, S. C., Kipp, B. R., Mariani, A., Oberg, A. L., Podratz, K. C., Shridhar, V., & Sherman, M. E.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- National Cancer Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bakkum-Gamez, Jamie N.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Gynecologic Oncology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-04
- Volume
- 137
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 14-22
- ISSN
- 0090-8258 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4380654
- OpenAlex
- W2147798100
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 2.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Gynecologic Oncology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NCI Cancer Center Support (P30 CA 15083)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Endometrial and Cervical Cancer Treatments
- Keywords
- endometrial cancer, DNA methylation, hypermethylation, vaginal tampons, tumor markers, early cancer detection, HOXA9, RASSF1, 5-HT1B receptor, CpG sites
- MeSH terms
- Aged, DNA, Neoplasm, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Pilot Projects, Biomarkers, Tumor, Vagina, Case-Control Studies, Endometrial Neoplasms, CpG Islands, DNA Methylation, Menstrual Hygiene Products
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
