The chemical composition of smokeless tobacco: A survey of products sold in the United States in 2006 and 2007
Abstract
Selected toxicant concentrations and other chemical measures have been determined for 43 U.S. smokeless tobacco products sold in 2006 and 2007. Products evaluated included moist snuff, dry snuff, loose leaf, plug, dissolvable and snus tobacco brands. Reference products available for scientific research purposes and eleven Swedish products were also evaluated and compared to the commercial products studied. Chemical endpoints determined included benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), N'-nitrosoanatabine (NAT), N'-nitrosoanabasine (NAB), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), nitrite, cadmium, lead, arsenic, nickel, chromium, chloride, water, pH and nicotine. Different toxicant profiles were observed for the products studied, with snus tobacco brands generally containing relatively low concentrations of B[a]P and tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) compared to other moist snuffs. Smokeless tobacco reference product toxicant profiles were similar to corresponding commercial products, with the exception of the TSNA content of the dry snuff reference material. TSNA concentrations observed for all commercial products were lower than historically reported values, likely reflecting changes in product shelf life, tobacco curing practices and, possibly, product blend formulations during the last 20-30 years. The survey results summarized provide a temporal point of comparison with future data anticipated from FDA "harmful an…
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Snus and TF-ONPs contain hazardous and potentially hazardous constituents (HPHCs), such as tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs).
“as well as some hazardous and potentially hazardous constituents (HPHCs), such as tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs)”
From Comparison of the Health Effects Associated with the Use of Snus and Tobacco-Free Oral Nicotine Pouches: A Systematic Review (2026) · cites this paper as Borgerding et al. 2012
Cites
Boffetta, P., & Straif, K. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b3060 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Galanti, M. R., Rosendahl, I., & Wickholm, S. (2008) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/14622200701825858 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
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Kopa-Stojak, P. N., & Pawliczak, R. (2026) · Exposure and Health · doi:10.1007/s12403-026-00812-w
- Authors
- Borgerding, M. F., Bodnar, J. A., Curtin, G. M., & Swauger, J. E.
- Venue
- Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-12
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 367-387
- ISSN
- 0273-2300
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 2
- Language
- en
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