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Bicycle helmet efficacy: a meta-analysis

Attewell, R.G., Glase, K., McFadden, M.·2001·Accident Analysis & Prevention
DOI 10.1016/s0001-4575(00)00048-8
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Abstract

Bicycle helmet efficacy was quantified using a formal meta-analytic approach based on peer-reviewed studies. Only those studies with individual injury and helmet use data were included. Based on studies from several countries published in the period 1987-1998, the summary odds ratio estimate for efficacy is 0.40 (95% confidence interval 0.29, 0.55) for head injury, 0.42 (0.26, 0.67) for brain injury, 0.53 (0.39, 0.73) for facial injury and 0.27 (0.10, 0.71) for fatal injury. This indicates a statistically significant protective effect of helmets. Three studies provided neck injury results that were unfavourable to helmets with a summary estimate of 1.36 (1.00, 1.86), but this result may not be applicable to the lighter helmets currently in use. In conclusion, the evidence is clear that bicycle helmets prevent serious injury and even death. Despite this, the use of helmets is sub-optimal. Helmet use for all riders should be further encouraged to the extent that it is uniformly accepted and analogous to the use of seat belts by motor vehicle occupants.

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Crossref · 10.1016/s0001-4575(00)00048-8

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  • Personal protective equipment (PPE) is rated as the lowest and least effective safety control for any high-risk activity including human-horse interactions.

    “While personal protective equipment (PPE) should be part of human–horse risk management, it is rated as the ‘lowest’ and ‘least’ effective safety control for any ‘high-risk’ activity including human–horse interactions [17,119,120,121].”

    From What People Really Think About Safety around Horses: The Relationship between Risk Perception, Values and Safety Behaviours (2020) · cites this paper as [121]

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Research works printed but not linked: 23

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Metadata

Authors
Attewell, R. G., Glase, K., & McFadden, M.
Venue
Accident Analysis & Prevention
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2001-05
Volume
33
Issue
3
Pages
345-352
ISSN
0001-4575
DOI
10.1016/s0001-4575(00)00048-8
Cited by
296
References
0
Language
en
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)

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