The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The aerodynamic and mechanical effects of elongated tails in the scarlet-tufted malachite sunbird: measuring the cost of a handicap
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Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Several studies have made inferences about the costs of carrying exaggerated traits by either removing or artificially exaggerating them further51516171819.”
From The peacock train does not handicap cursorial locomotor performance (2016) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Previous studies in birds have tended to focus on the influence of sexually selected traits during flight rather than terrestrial locomotion51516171819.”
From The peacock train does not handicap cursorial locomotor performance (2016) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“The drag on the train depends on flight velocity and the angle at which it is held relative to the flight trajectory of the bird (Fig. 2) (see also Evans and Thomas, 1992).”
From The elaborate plumage in peacocks is not such a drag (2014) · cites this paper as Evans and Thomas, 1992
Citations
Cites
Mate selection—A selection for a handicap
Zahavi, A. (1975) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-5193(75)90111-3 · Cited by 5,251
Biological signals as handicaps
Grafen, A. (1990) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5193(05)80088-8 · Cited by 2,462
Models of speciation by sexual selection on polygenic traits
Lande, R. (1981) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.78.6.3721 · Cited by 2,187
Norberg, U. M. L., & Rayner, J. M. V. (1987) · Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1987.0030 · Cited by 1,837
Pennycuick, C. J. (1975) · Avian Biology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-249405-5.50009-4 · Cited by 1,072
Zahavi, A. A. (1977) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-5193(77)90061-3 · Cited by 1,000
Female choice selects for extreme tail length in a widowbird
Andersson, M. (1982) · Nature · doi:10.1038/299818a0 · Cited by 976
Fedde, M. R. (1989) · Poultry Science · doi:10.3382/ps.0681599 · Cited by 847
The aerodynamics of hovering insect flight. I. The quasi-steady analysis
Ellington, C. P. (1984) · Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1984.0049 · Cited by 675
Female choice selects for male sexual tail ornaments in the monogamous swallow
Møller, A. P. (1988) · Nature · doi:10.1038/332640a0 · Cited by 624
Sexual selection unhandicapped by the fisher process
Grafen, A. (1990) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5193(05)80087-6 · Cited by 593
Form and Function in Avian Flight
Rayner, J. M. V. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-6787-5_1 · Cited by 544
The aerodynamics of hovering insect flight. IV. Aerodynamic mechanisms
Ellington, C. P. (1984) · Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1984.0052 · Cited by 533
Economics of Feeding Territoriality in the Golden‐Winged Sunbird
Gill, F. B., & Wolf, L. L. (1975) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1934964 · Cited by 532
Bird flight performance: a practical calculation manual
Pennycuick, C. (1992) · Colonial Waterbirds · doi:10.2307/1521371 · Cited by 519
The aerodynamics of hovering insect flight. VI. Lift and power requirements
Ellington, C. P. (1984) · Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1984.0054 · Cited by 482
Power Requirements for Horizontal Flight in the Pigeon Columba Livia
Pennycuick, C. J. (1968) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.49.3.527 · Cited by 346
A New Approach to Animal Flight Mechanics
Rayner, J. M. V. (1979) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.80.1.17 · Cited by 344
The aerodynamics of hovering insect flight. V. A vortex theory
Ellington, C. P. (1984) · Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1984.0053 · Cited by 272
Mechanics of Forward Flight in Bumblebees: II. QUASI-STEADY LIFT AND POWER REQUIREMENTS
Dudley, R., & Ellington, C. P. (1990) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.148.1.53 · Cited by 234
Viability costs of male tail ornaments in a swallow
Møller, A. P. (1989) · Nature · doi:10.1038/339132a0 · Cited by 216
A vortex theory of animal flight. Part 2. The forward flight of birds
Rayner, J. M. V. (1979) · Journal of Fluid Mechanics · doi:10.1017/s0022112079000422 · Cited by 207
A vortex theory of animal flight. Part 1. The vortex wake of a hovering animal
Rayner, J. M. V. (1979) · Journal of Fluid Mechanics · doi:10.1017/s0022112079000410 · Cited by 189
Evans, M. R., & Hatchwell, B. J. (1992) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/bf00170172 · Cited by 92
Self-citationEvans, M. R., & Hatchwell, B. J. (1992) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/bf00170171 · Cited by 92
Self-citationRayner, J. M. V., & Aldridge, H. D. J. N. (1985) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.118.1.247 · Cited by 90
The Strength of the Pigeon’s Wing Bones in Relation to Their Function
Pennycuick, C. J. (1967) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.46.2.219 · Cited by 79
Vertebrate flapping flight mechanics and aerodynamics, and the evolution of flight in bats
Rayner, J. M. V. (1986) · Cited by 74
Perceived risk and obstacle avoidance in flying birds
Cuthill, I. C., & Guilford, T. (1990) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80681-5 · Cited by 59
Evans, M. R. (1991) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80123-x · Cited by 35
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Aldridge, 1986, Manoeuverability and ecology in British bats, Myotis, 23–24, 157
Cited by
Sorted by citations
VARIATION IN MATE CHOICE AND MATING PREFERENCES: A REVIEW OF CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES
Jennions, M. D., & Petrie, M. (1997) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1017/s0006323196005014 · Cited by 1,470
Why have birds got multiple sexual ornaments?
Møller, A. P., & Pomiankowski, A. (1993) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/bf00173774 · Cited by 844
Exploitation of Sexual Signals by Predators and Parasitoids
Zuk, M., & Kolluru, G. R. (1998) · The Quarterly Review of Biology · doi:10.1086/420412 · Cited by 839
Andersson, M., & Iwasa, Y. (1996) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/0169-5347(96)81042-1 · Cited by 709
Multiple displays in animal communication: ‘backup signals’ and ‘multiple messages’
Johnstone, R. A. (1996) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1996.0026 · Cited by 618
Metadata
- Authors
- Evans, M. R., & Thomas, A. L. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Thomas, Adrian L.R.
- Venue
- Animal Behaviour
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1992-02
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 337-347
- ISSN
- 0003-3472 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2034362026
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 21.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Animal Behaviour (publishedVersion)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Cambridge
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Avian ecology and behavior
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms
- Keywords
- tail length, handicap hypothesis, flight aerodynamics, falconry, flight costs, drag, moment of inertia, wing span, sexual selection, male ornamentation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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