A pilot study of a long acting somatostatin analogue for the treatment of refractory rheumatoid arthritis
Open accessAbstract
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a long acting somatostatin analogue in a subset of patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods Ten patients with active, refractory RA, who had failed to respond to at least four disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), were treated with monthly intramuscular injections of 20 mg of a long acting preparation of octreotide (Sandostatin-LAR) for three months. They were evaluated every two weeks in an open label pilot study. The primary measure of clinical response was the American College of Rheumatology criteria for a 20% improvement in measures of disease activity (ACR 20).Results Eight patients completed the 14 week trial, while two patients received only one or two doses of the somatostatin analogue, but were eligible for evaluation. On an intention to treat basis 6/10 patients responded: four patients met the ACR 20 criteria at weeks 6-10, while two patients continued to improve with time, and met the ACR 50 and 70 criteria respectively, at week 14. On evaluation of the 10 patients as a group, a significant improvement (p<0.05) was noted in the mean visual analogue scales of pain, doctor's and patient's global assessment of disease activity, and in the mean number of swollen joints. Adverse effects were minor: transient bloating and loose stools, an urticarial rash (n=1), and a transient increase of liver enzymes (n=1).Conclusion Treatment with a long acting somatostatin analogue led to significant clinical improvement in a subset of patients with active, refractory RA. The treatment was relatively safe and well tolerated. Further large, placebo controlled studies are required to evaluate this drug as a potential DMARD for patients with RA.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Open therapies with the growth hormone inhibitor somatostatin in small studies demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects such as reduction of synovial membrane thickness and improved clinical symptoms such as morning stiffness and other American College of Rheumatology criteria in rheumatoid arthritis.
“Open therapies with the growth hormone inhibitor somatostatin in small studies demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects such as reduction of synovial membrane thickness [123] and improved clinical symptoms such as morning stiffness and other American College of Rheumatology criteria in RA [124,125].”
From Interaction of the endocrine system with inflammation: a function of energy and volume regulation (2014) · cites this paper as [124]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Arnett, F. C., Edworthy, S. M., Bloch, D. A., McShane, D. J., Fries, J. F., Cooper, N. S., Healey, L. A., Kaplan, S. R., Liang, M. H., Luthra, H. S., et al. (1988) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780310302 · Cited by 19,753 · see citing works
Revised Criteria for the Classification of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Arnett, F. C. (1990) · Orthopaedic Nursing · doi:10.1097/00006416-199003000-00011 · Cited by 7,742 · see citing works
Hypothalamic Polypeptide That Inhibits the Secretion of Immunoreactive Pituitary Growth Hormone
Brazeau, P., Vale, W., Burgus, R. C., LING, N. C., Butcher, M., Rivier, J., & Guillemin, R. (1973) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.179.4068.77 · Cited by 3,536 · see citing works
Felson, D. T., Anderson, J. J., Boers, M., Bombardier, C., Chernoff, M., Fried, B. J., Fürst, D. E., Goldsmith, C. H., Kieszak, S. M., Lightfoot, R. W., et al. (1993) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780360601 · Cited by 1,639 · see citing works
Treatment of Active Rheumatoid Arthritis With Leflunomide Compared With Placebo and Methotrexate
Strand, V. (1999) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.159.21.2542 · Cited by 755 · see citing works
Neuroendocrine-Immune Interactions
Epstein, F. H., & Reichlin, S. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199310213291708 · Cited by 564 · see citing works
Badger, A. M., Griswold, D. E., Kapadia, R. D., Blake, S. M., Swift, B. A., Hoffman, S. J., Stroup, G. B., Webb, E. F., Rieman, D. J., Gowen, M., et al. (2000) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/1529-0131(200001)43:1 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Second-Line Drug Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Wood, A. J. J., Cash, J. M., & Klippel, J. H. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199405123301908 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Evaluation Of A Functional Index In Rheumatoid Arthritis
Lee, P., Jasani, M. K., Dick, W. C., & Buchanan, W. W. (1973) · Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.3109/03009747309098820 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
SOMATOSTATIN, A POTENT ANALGESIC
CHRUBASIK, J., Meynadier, J., Blond, S., Scherpereel, P., Ackerman, E., Weinstock, M., Bonath, K., Cramer, H., & Wünsch, E. (1984) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(84)92761-2 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Inhibition of Angiogenesis by Somatostatin and Somatostatin-like Compounds Is Structurally Dependent
Barrie, R. J., Woltering, E. A., Hajarizadeh, H., Mueller, C., Ure, T., & Fletcher, W. S. (1993) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1006/jsre.1993.1167 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Henderson, C. J., SPECKER, B. L., Sierra, R. I., Campaigne, B. N., & Lovell, D. J. (2000) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/1529-0131(200003)43:3 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Somatostatin receptor imaging. the presence of somatostatin receptors in rheumatoid arthritis
Vanhagen, P. M., Markusse, H. M., Lamberts, S. W. J., Kwekkeboom, D. J., Reubi, J. C., & Krenning, E. P. (1994) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780371017 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Sandostatin LAR in acromegalic patients: a dose-range study
Fløgstad, A. K., Halse, J., Haldorsen, T., Lancranjan, I., Marbach, P., Bruns, C., & Jervell, J. (1995) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.80.12.8530606 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Landewé, R., Goeithè, H. S., van Rijthoven, A. W. A. M., Breedveld, F. C., & Dijkmans, B. A. C. (1994) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780370506 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Kolasinski, S. L., HAINES, K. A., Siegel, E. L., Cronstein, B. N., & Abramson, S. B. (1992) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780350402 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Fioravanti, A., Govoni, M., MONTAGNA, G. L., Perpignano, G., Tirri, G., Trotta, F., Bogliolo, A., Ciocci, A., Mauceri, M., & Marcolongo, R. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Modulation of synovial cell function by somatostatin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Takeba, Y., Suzuki, N., Takeno, M., Asai, T., Tsuboi, S., Hoshino, T., Sakane, T., Takeba, Y., Suzuki, N., Takeno, M., et al. (1997) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780401206 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Fais, S., Annibale, B., Boirivant, M., Santoro, A., Pallone, F., & Fave, G. D. (1991) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/0165-5728(91)90042-6 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Modulation of lymphocyte activation
Goodman, M. G., Brunton, L. L., & Weigle, W. O. (1981) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1016/0008-8749(81)90151-9 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Gold salts and somatostatin: a new combined analgesic treatment for psoriatic arthritis.
Matucci‐Cerinic, M., Pignone, A. M., Lotti, T., Partsch, G., Livi, R., & Cagnoni, M. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 23 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- 2 Reichlin S. Neuroendocrine interactions. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1246-53.
- 18 Tugwell P, Wells G, Strand V, Maetzel A, Bombardier C, Crawford B, et al . Clinical improvement as reflected in measures of function and health related quality of life following treatment with leflunomide compared with methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2000;43:506-14.
- 19 Anderson JJ, Wells G, Verhoeven AC, Felson DT. Factors predicting response to treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2000;43:22-9.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Yuen, M., Poon, R. T. P., Lai, C., Fan, S.-T., Lo, C. M., Wong, K. W., Wong, W. M., & Wong, B. C. (2002) · Hepatology · doi:10.1053/jhep.2002.35071 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Dalm, V. A. S. H., van Hagen, P. M., van Koetsveld, P. M., Achilefu, S. A., Houtsmuller, A. B., Pols, D. H. J., van der Lely, A. J., Lamberts, S. W. J., & Hofland, L. J. (2003) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00048.2003 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Somatostatin analogues: Multiple roles in cellular proliferation, neoplasia, and angiogenesis
Dasgupta, P. (2004) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.02.002 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Interaction of the endocrine system with inflammation: a function of energy and volume regulation
Straub, R. H. (2014) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/ar4484 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
“Open therapies with the growth hormone inhibitor somatostatin in small studies demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects such as reduction of synovial membrane thickness [123] and improved clinical symptoms such as morning stiffness and other American College of Rheumatology criteria in RA [124,125].”
BackgroundGrowth hormone, VEGF and FGF: Involvement in rheumatoid arthritis
Malemud, C. J. (2006) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2006.06.033 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Neurogenic Aspects of Inflammation
Schaible, H., Rosso, A. D., & Matucci‐Cerinic, M. (2005) · Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2004.09.004 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
González‐Rey, E., Chorny, A., del Moral, R. G., Varela, N., & Delgado, M. (2006) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.2006.062703 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Role of the Growth Hormone/Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Paracrine Axis in Rheumatic Diseases
Denko, C. W., & Malemud, C. J. (2005) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2005.03.001 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Borbély, É., Botz, B., Bölcskei, K., Kenyér, T., Kereskai, L., Kiss, T., Szolcsányi, J., Pintér, E., Csepregi, J. Z., Mócsai, A., et al. (2014) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.12.012 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Imhof, A., Glück, L., Gajda, M., Lupp, A., Bräuer, R., Schaible, H., & Schulz, S. (2011) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.30410 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Current imaging strategies in rheumatoid arthritis.
Zeman, M. N., & Scott, P. J. H. (2012) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The role of cortistatin in the human immune system
van Hagen, P. M., Dalm, V. A. S. H., Staal, F. J. T., & Hofland, L. J. (2008) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2008.03.007 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
González‐Rey, E., & Delgado, M. (2007) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2007.08.001 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Somatostatin and somatostatin analog scintigraphy: any benefits for rheumatology patients?
Duet, M., & Lioté, F. (2004) · Joint Bone Spine · doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2004.02.006 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Pro-algesic versus analgesic actions of immune cells
Rittner, H. L., Brack, A., & Stein, C. (2003) · Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00001503-200310000-00014 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Saravanan, S., Mutheeswaran, S., Saravanan, M., Chellappandian, M., Paulraj, M. G., Raj, M. K., Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu, S. J., & Duraipandiyan, V. (2012) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2012.10.020 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Anzola, L. K., Chianelli, M., Galli, F., Glaudemans, A. W. J. M., Martin, L. M., Todino, V., Migliore, A., & Signore, A. (2016) · EJNMMI Research · doi:10.1186/s13550-016-0202-y · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Future clinical prospects in somatostatin/cortistatin/somatostatin receptor field
Dalm, V. A. S. H., Hofland, L. J., & Lamberts, S. W. J. (2007) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2007.09.005 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Shin, J.-K., Jung, Y., Bae, M., Baek, I., Kim, K., & Cho, C. (2012) · Modern Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10165-012-0675-0 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Anti-inflammatory Effect of Somatostatin Analogue Octreotide on Rheumatoid Arthritis Synoviocytes
Casnici, C., Lattuada, D., Crotta, K., Truzzi, M. C., Corradini, C., Ingegnoli, F., Tonna, N., Bianco, F., & Marelli, O. (2018) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/s10753-018-0808-5 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Ji, G., Zhou, S. T., Shapiro, G., Reubi, J. C., Carlton, S., & Jurczyk, S. (2006) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.03.014 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Long acting somatostatin analogue for the treatment of refractory RA
Koseoglu, F., Koseoglu, T., Paran, D., Elkayam, O., Paran, H., Yaron, M., & Caspi, D. (2002) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.61.6.573 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationBencivinnil, I., Ferrini, F., Salio, C., Beltramol, M., & Merighi, A. (2010) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2010.11.001 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Ramprasath, V. R., Shanthi, P., & Sachdanandam, P. (2005) · Cell Biochemistry and Function · doi:10.1002/cbf.1243 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Somatostatin Analogs in Diagnostics and Therapy
Pawlikowski, M. (2007) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781498713528 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Paran, D., Kidron, D., Mayo, A., Ziv, O., Chowers, Y., Caspi, D., Yaron, M., & Paran, H. (2004) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/s00296-004-0455-z · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationKukwa, W., Andrysiak, R., Kukwa, A., Hubalewska–Dydejczyk, A., Gronkiewicz, Z., Wójtowicz, P., Królicki, L., Wierzchowski, W., Grochowski, T., & Czarnecka, A. M. (2011) · Head & Neck · doi:10.1002/hed.21668 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Octreotide Therapy for the Sjögren Syndrome
Phan, T. G., Gordon, T. P., Tattersall, M. H. N., & Loblay, R. H. (2002) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-137-9-200211050-00031 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Huang, W., Li, F., Feng, S., Kang, K., & Xu, J. (2011) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203311409268 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Pawlak, M., & Schmidt, R. F. (2004) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2003.12.021 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Kubo, M., Uchida, K., Nakashima, T., Seiko, O. D. A., Nakamura, T., Hashimoto, S., Watada, T., Nakamura, H., ARAKI, J., Matsuzaki, M., et al. (2015) · Japanese Journal of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.2177/jsci.38.421 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Li, S., Maes, A., Vermassen, T., Maes, J., Rottey, S., & de Wiele, C. V. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14238451 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Çoğalgil, Ş., & Tayşi, S. (2002) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm.2002.057 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Somatostatin – ein wichtiger Hemmer neuronaler Erregung
von Banchet, G. S. (2008) · Der Schmerz · doi:10.1007/s00482-008-0641-0 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Role of Somatostatin and Somatostatin Receptors in Pain
Kumar, U. (2009) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470522226.ch16 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Probable adverse effects of long term use of somatostatin analogues in patients with RA
Marcora, S., Lemmey, A., Maddison, P., Paran, D., & Elkayam, O. (2002) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.61.12.1117 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuronal Regulation of Pain and Inflammation
Svensson, C. I., & Sorkin, L. S. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-31696-5.00030-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Selected biological markers in various vascular lesions of the head and neck
Gronkiewicz, Z., Krzeski, A., & Kukwa, W. (2014) · Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej · doi:10.5604/17322693.1126843 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Effects of Somatostatin on Immune Cells, Functions and Diseases
Talme, T., & Sundqvist, K. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-0888-8_7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Emerging Preclinical and Clinical Applications of Theranostics for Nononcological Disorders
Assadi, M., Jokar, N., Yordanova, A., Gholamrezanezhad, A., Amini, A., Abbasi, F., Biersack, H., Amini, A. S., Nabipour, I., & Ahmadzadehfar, H. (2021) · PET Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.cpet.2021.03.009 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Pathogenesis and Neuroendocrine Immunology
Straub, R. H. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803321-0.00002-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Somatostatin Analogues Use in Other than Endocrine Tumor Indications
Gilis‐Januszewska, A., Trofimiuk–Müldner, M., Jabrocka‐Hybel, A., & Pach, D. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119031659.ch18
Duet, M., & Lioté, F. (2004) · Revue du Rhumatisme · doi:10.1016/j.rhum.2004.02.006
Somatostatin receptors and their ligands in the human immune system
Dalm, V. A. S. H. (2003) · EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam)
Somatostatin Control of Immune Functions
van Hagen, P. M., Dalm, V. A. S. H., Hofland, L. J., Ferone, D., & Lamberts, S. W. J. (2004) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780203021941-13
Bouter, C. (2017) · Der Nuklearmediziner · doi:10.1055/s-0043-105005
Sandostatin therapy in patients with chronic sarcoidosis.
Wilhelmina, M. C. T., Jan, A. M. V. L., Virgil, A. S. H. D., Boen, L. R. K., Martin, V. H. P., & Paul, L. A. V. D. (2017) · PubMed Central · doi:10.36141/svdld.v34i3.6143
Imaging inflammatory lesions by radiolabelled peptides and antibodies
Fuentes, L. K. A. (2020) · doi:10.33612/diss.132148854
The Effects of Somatostatin on Immune Cells, Functions and Diseases
Sundqvist, O. (2012)
Coates, P. (2003) · Side effects of drugs annual · doi:10.1016/s0378-6080(03)80050-8
OTHER HORMONES AND RELATED DRUGS
(2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53271-8.50009-0
(2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-44-451005-2/01004-4
(2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803321-0.09996-1
Somatostatin (growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone) and analogues
(2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53717-1.01459-1
Straub, R. H. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803321-0.00003-3
- Authors
- Paran, D., Elkayam, O., Mayo, A., Paran, H., Amit, M., Yaron, M., & Caspi, D.
- Affiliations
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- Venue
- Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-09
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 888-891
- ISSN
- 0003-4967 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2122650959
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Natural Compounds in Disease Treatment
- Keywords
- refractory rheumatoid arthritis, somatostatin analogues, octreotide, long-acting octreotide, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, intramuscular injection, ACR20 response, disease activity, pain, adverse effects, liver enzymes
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Delayed-Action Preparations, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Pain Measurement, Pilot Projects, Octreotide, Treatment Outcome, Antirheumatic Agents, Statistics, Nonparametric
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
