Cited by 220Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsPsychological Treatments and Assessments

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One-session therapist-directed exposure vs. self-exposure in the treatment of spider phobia

Öst, Lars-Göran, Salkovskis, Paul M., Hellström, Kerstin·1991·Behavior Therapy

DOI 10.1016/s0005-7894(05)80374-0

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Items 101–200 of 220

Large Group Exposure Treatment: a Feasibility Study in Highly Spider Fearful Individuals
Wannemueller, A., Appelbaum, D., Küppers, M., Matten, A., Teismann, T., Adolph, D., & Margraf, J. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01183 · Cited by 18
An evaluation of two clinically-derived treatments for technophobia
Brosnan, M., & Thorpe, S. (2006) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2006.02.001 · Cited by 24
The Scarier the Better: Maximizing Exposure Therapy Outcomes for Spider Fear
Norberg, M. M., Newins, A. R., Jiang, Y., Xu, J., Forcadell, E., Alberich, C., & Deacon, B. J. (2018) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465818000437 · Cited by 17
“Öst et al. (1991) recommended almost 30 years ago that individuals engage in behavioural experiments that require them to give up control.”
Background
Obsessive—Compulsive Disorder
Kozak, M. J., & Foa, E. B. (1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1528-3_3 · Cited by 18
The startle probe response as an instrument for evaluating exposure effects in spider phobia
de Jong, P. D., Arntz, A., & Merckelbach, H. (1993) · Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0146-6402(93)90015-t · Cited by 17
Emotion Regulation in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Plate, A. J., & Aldao, A. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803457-6.00005-2 · Cited by 18
Exposure therapy for phobias
Hirai, M., Vernon, L. L., & Cochran, H. M. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012587421-2/50012-0 · Cited by 18
1 – Specific Phobia
Antony, M., & Barlow, D. H. (1998) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008043433-9/50003-1 · Cited by 1
Electrophysiological correlates of in vivo and virtual reality exposure therapy in spider phobia
Wiens, S., Eklund, R., Szychowska, M., Miloff, A., Cosme, D., Pierzchajlo, S., & Carlbring, P. (2022) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14117 · Cited by 16
“The reference treatment was gold- standard in- vivo exposure therapy (IVET) in the form of a modern massed one- session treatment (referred to as OST, Öst et al., 1991) and led by a trained and supervised psychotherapist.”
Method
Empirical Status of One-Session Treatment
Davis, T. E., Jenkins, W. S., & Rudy, B. M. (2012) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3253-1_11 · Cited by 13
La utilización de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en psicología clínica
Botella, C., Baños, R., García‐Palacios, A., Quero, S., Guillén, V., & Marco, J. H. (2007) · RACO (Revistes Catalanes amb Accés Obert) (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) · Cited by 15
Large Group Exposure Treatment: A Feasibility Study of Exposure Combined with Diaphragmatic Breathing in Highly Dental Fearful Individuals
Wannemueller, A., Jöhren, H.-P., Borgstädt, A., Bosch, J., Meyers, M., Völse, M., Scholten, S., & Margraf, J. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.02007 · Cited by 15
“Moreover, Öst et al. (1991) demonstrated that in most measures the effects of smaller groups (n = 3–4) did not significantly differ from effects in larger group conditions (n = 7–8).”
Background
Social Cognitive Theories of Personality
Williams, S. L., & Cervone, D. (1998) · The Plenum series in social/clinical psychology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8580-4_8 · Cited by 16
Three Versus Six Sessions of Computer-aided Vicarious Exposure Treatment for Spider Phobia
Fraser, J., Kirkby, K., Daniels, B., Gilroy, L. J., & Montgomery, I. (2001) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1375/bech.18.4.213 · Cited by 14
Tratamientos psicológicos eficaces para las fobias específicas
Bonet, J. I. C. (2001) · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) · Cited by 15
Is Continued Improvement After Automated Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Spider Phobia Explained by Subsequent in-vivo Exposure? A First Test of the Lowered Threshold Hypothesis
Lindner, P., Dafgård, P., Miloff, A., Andersson, G., Reuterskiöld, L., Hamilton, W., & Carlbring, P. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.645273 · Cited by 16
“Measures For the current study, we selected the two outcome measures from the non-inferiority trial (18, 37) that showed the largest effect sizes, covering related by separated aspects of spider phobia: a standardized BAT used in previous research (40) providing an objective measure of avoidance behavior, as well as t…”
Method
Exposure Therapy
Telch, M. J., Cobb, A. R., & Lancaster, C. L. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118775349.ch35 · Cited by 14
Large-Group One-Session Treatment: Feasibility in Highly Height Fearful Individuals and Predictors of Outcome
Wannemueller, A., Gruszka, P., Chwalek, S., Fröhlich, S., Mulders, M., Schaumburg, S., Schöttes, J., Wiederhold, S., & Margraf, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02411 · Cited by 13
“, 1997a), spider phobia (Öst et al., 1991; Hellström and Öst, 1995), dental phobia (Haukebø et al.”
Background
Towards a Virtual Reality- and Augmented Reality-Mediated Therapeutic Process model: a theoretical revision of clinical issues and HCI issues
Wrzesien, M., Burkhardt, J., Botella, C., & Alcañíz, M. (2014) · Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science · doi:10.1080/1463922x.2014.903307 · Cited by 13
Exposure Therapy: Promoting Emotional Processing of Pathological Anxiety
Zalta, A. K., & Foa, E. B. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118470886.ch4 · Cited by 15
Evaluation of the quality of collaboration between the client and the therapist in phobia treatments
Wrzesien, M., Burkhardt, J., Botella, C., & Alcañíz, M. (2012) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1016/j.intcom.2012.09.001 · Cited by 12
Treating Spider Phobia Using Neuro Emotional Technique™: Findings from a Pilot Study
Jensen, A., & Ramasamy, A. (2009) · Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2008.0595 · Cited by 12
“Combining exposure therapy with cognitive therapy resulted in a promising short-term cognitive behavioral therapy, which also addresses the phobic’s dysfunctional beliefs about spiders.(10,11) Other psychologic therapies have been used for spider phobia with mixed results.”
Spezifische Phobien
Öst, L. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-08348-2_2 · Cited by 12
Self-citation
El tratamiento de los trastornos de ansiedad a las puertas del siglo XXI
Caballo, V. E., & Vílchez, P. M. (2000) · Psicología conductual = behavioral psychology: Revista internacional de psicología clínica y de la salud · Cited by 12
Collaboration on Critical Questions in Child Psychotherapy
Ronen, T. (2001) · Journal of Social Work Education · doi:10.1080/10437797.2001.10779039 · Cited by 12
Avances en los tratamientos psicológicos: la utilización de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación
Arbona, C. B., Quero, S., Rivera, R. M. B., & García‐Palacios, A. (2009) · Anuario de Psicología/The UB Journal of Psychology · Cited by 11
Testing a gamified Spider App to reduce spider fear and avoidance
Haberkamp, A., Walter, H., Althaus, P., Schmuck, M., Rief, W., & Schmidt, F. (2020) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102331 · Cited by 11
Large-group one-session treatment: a feasibility study of exposure combined with applied tension or diaphragmatic breathing in highly blood-injury-injection fearful individuals
Wannemueller, A., Fasbender, A., Kampmann, Z., Weiser, K., Schaumburg, S., Velten, J., & Margraf, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01534 · Cited by 10
“…of BII concluded that all treatment strategies applied in these studies, that is, pure exposure (Öst et al., 1984, 1991a, 1992), applied tension (Öst et al., 1989, 1991a; Hellström et al., 1996), tension only (Öst et al., 1991a; Hellström et al., 1996) applied relaxation (Öst et al., 1984,…”
Influential
An Internet-Based Self-Help Program for the Treatment of Fear of Public Speaking: A Case Study
Botella, C., Gallego, M. J., García‐Palacios, A., Baños, R., Quero, S., & Guillén, V. (2008) · Journal of Technology in Human Services · doi:10.1080/15228830802094775 · Cited by 10
Specific Phobias
Muris, P., & Merckelbach, H. L. G. J. (1998) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0080-4270(73)00237-6 · Cited by 9
Endorphins stimulate approach behaviour, but do not reduce subjective fear. A pilot study
Arntz, A. R. (1993) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(93)90097-e · Cited by 9
Measuring change in patients following psychological and pharmacological interventions: Anxiety disorders.
Crits-Christoph, P. F., & Connolly, M. B. (2004) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10232-006 · Cited by 9
Promotion of empirically validated psychotherapies in counselling psychology
King, N. J., & Heyne, D. A. (2000) · Counselling Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1080/09515070050011024 · Cited by 9
Exposure and response prevention in anxiety disorders: Implications for treatment and relapse prevention in problem drinkers
Lee, N. K., & Oei, T. P. S. (1993) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(93)90049-r · Cited by 8
Arachnophobia and Fear of Other Insects: Efficacy and Lessons Learned from Treatment Process
Wiederhold, B., & Bouchard, S. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-8023-6_5 · Cited by 8
The feasibility of an augment reality system to study the psychophysiological correlates of fear‐related responses
Brás, S., Soares, S. C., Cruz, T., Magalhães, T., Marques, B., Dantas, C., Fernandes, N., & Fernandes, J. M. (2018) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.1084 · Cited by 7
“In this later phobia, and after AR applied in a “one-session therapy,” following the treatment protocol followed by (Öst, Salkovskis, & Hellström, 1991), the positive outcomes of the therapy persisted up to a 12-month follow-up period (Bretón-López et al., 2010).”
Method
Therapist behaviour during one-session exposure treatment of spider phobia: Individual vs group setting
Breitholtz, E., & Öst, L.-G. (1997) · Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506079708412486 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Resting EEG asymmetry and spider phobia
Merckelbach, H., Muris, P., Pool, K., & de Jong, P. D. (1998) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615809808248312 · Cited by 10
Decision making about children's therapy
Ronen, T. (1993) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/bf00707679 · Cited by 8
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of One- and Multi-Session Exposure-Based Treatments in Reducing Biological and Psychological Responses to Rat Phobia Among Students
Hemyari, C., Dolatshahi, B., Sahraian, A., Koohi‐Hosseinabadi, O., & Zomorodian, K. (2020) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s256781 · Cited by 9
Building the Case for Brief Psychointerventions in the Treatment of Specific Phobias in Children and Adolescents
Flatt, N., & King, N. J. (2008) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1375/bech.25.4.191 · Cited by 7
“In another controlled trial, Ost et al. (1991b) randomly assigned 34 women (aged 18–55 years) with spider phobia to either one-session exposure treatment 193 Behaviour Change with a clinician or self-treatment via a manual.”
Method
¿Qué terapias psicológicas son eficaces? Un reto ante el año 2000
Echeburúa, E. (1998) · Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica · doi:10.5944/rppc.vol.3.num.3.1998.3863 · Cited by 7
Gain through pain: Augmenting in vivo exposure with enhanced attention to internal experience leads to increased resilience to distress
Katz, B. A., Breznitz, H., & Yovel, I. (2019) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.12.001 · Cited by 6
The Use of Emotive Imagery and Behavioral Techniques for a 10-Year-Old Boy's Nocturnal Fear of Ghosts and Zombies
Shepherd, L., & Kuczynski, A. M. (2009) · Clinical Case Studies · doi:10.1177/1534650108329664 · Cited by 6
“…and the good outcome might be attributed to their established effectiveness in the treatment of avoidance in specific phobias (Antony & Barlow, 2002; Baker et al., 1973; Gauthier & Marshall, 1977; Öst, 1978; Öst et al., 1991) and child nocturnal anxiety (Cellucci & Lawrence, 1978; Kellerman, 1980).”
Background
Treating Emotional Problems with Virtual and Augmented Reality
Rivera, R. M. B., Botella, C., García‐Palacios, A., Castellano, S. Q., & Bretón-López, J. M. (2015) · doi:10.1002/9781118426456.ch25 · Cited by 6
Preventing and reducing fear using positive modelling: A systematic review of experimental research with children.
Krause, L., & Askew, C. (2021) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.103992 · Cited by 7
Videoconferencing-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for social anxiety disorder: a randomised controlled trial
Winter, H. R., Norton, A. R., & Wootton, B. M. (2025) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2025.2540916 · Cited by 5
“This is important given therapist-assisted exposure in session has been demonstrated to be more effective than self-directed exposures in previous research (Öst et al., 1991).”
Design of smart objects of fear with a taxonomy of factors affecting the user experience of exposure therapy systems for small-animal phobias
Morán, A. L., Ramírez-Fernández, C., & Meza-Kubo, V. (2020) · Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing · doi:10.1007/s12652-020-01802-9 · Cited by 5
Towards a Taxonomy of Feedback Factors Affecting the User Experience of Augmented Reality Exposure Therapy Systems for Small-Animal Phobias
Ramírez-Fernández, C., Morán, A. L., & Meza-Kubo, V. (2018) · International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient Intelligence · doi:10.3390/proceedings2191252 · Cited by 5
SpiDa-MRI: behavioral and (f)MRI data of adults with fear of spiders
Zhang, M., Karner, A., Kostorz, K., Shea, S., Steyrl, D., Melinščak, F., Sladky, R., Lor, C. S., & Scharnowski, F. (2025) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-025-04569-w · Cited by 9
Exposure therapy in the brief treatment of an elevator phobia
Myers, L. L. (1997) · Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506079708412032 · Cited by 4
Neural correlation of successful cognitive behaviour therapy for spider phobia: A magnetoencephalography study
Wright, B., Alderson‐Day, B., Prendergast, G., Kennedy, J., Bennett, S. D., Docherty, M. J., Whitton, C., Manea, L., Gouws, A. D., Tomlinson, H., et al. (2013) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.09.011 · Cited by 4
“For spider phobia, successful treatment has involved aspects of exposure therapy and techniques from cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) (Öst, 1996; Öst et al.,1991).”
Method
Tratamiento de una sesión de la fobia específica a las arañas en niños
Bermúdez-Ornelas, G., & Hernández‐Guzmán, L. (2008) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 4
Abstracts from CyberTherapy 2006
Morganti, F., & Rusconi, M. L. (2006) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9.653 · Cited by 4
Continuous and Interrupted Exposure Therapy in the Treatment of Public Speaking Anxiety
Waller, S. A. (2004) · ScholarWorks - WMU (Western Michigan University) · Cited by 4
Effectiveness of a projection-based augmented reality exposure system in treating cockroach phobia: Study protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Grimaldos, J., Bretón-López, J., Palau-Batet, M., Díaz-Sanahuja, L., & Quero, S. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069025 · Cited by 3
Spiders Based on Anxiety: How Reinforcement Learning Can Deliver Desired User Experience in Virtual Reality Personalized Arachnophobia Treatment
Mahmoudi-Nejad, A., Guzdial, M., & Boulanger, P. (2025) · ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1145/3766062 · Cited by 4
“…behavior, and self-reported fear among clinical populations [14, 28, 29, 36, 43, 52, 68, 78–80 Garcia-Palacios et al. [43] was one of the first studies that showed the effectiveness of VRET for arachnophobia, revealing a significant improvement in 83% of the VRET group compared to 0% of the…”
Therapeutic Alliance and Treatment Expectations: Predicting Outcomes in Exposure Treatments for Specific Phobia
Areas, M., Babl, A., Fernández‐Álvarez, J., Roussos, A., Botella, C., García‐Palacios, A., Baños, R., Quero, S., Bretón, J., & Penedo, J. M. G. (2022) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-022-10343-8 · Cited by 5
Assisting therapists in assessing small animal phobias by computer analysis of video-recorded sessions
Castelló, V., Traver, V. J., Serrano, B., Montoliu, R., & Botella, C. (2016) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-016-3997-7 · Cited by 3
“Her/his performance is scored following an established protocol [30,3].”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Lernpsychologische Grundlagen der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie
Michael, T., & Ehlers, A. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-79541-4_5 · Cited by 3
Test of the dual‐belief system in women with and without phobic fear of spiders: a pilot study
Pössel, P., & Holzhay, A. (2006) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.493 · Cited by 3
Exposure In Vivo with and Without Presence of a Therapist: Does It Matter?
Lang�, T., & Helbig‐Lang, S. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3342-2_15 · Cited by 3
Klinischer Erfolg einer verhaltenstherapeutischen Kurzintervention zur Behandlung von Zahnbehandlungsphobie
Enkling, N., Heinen, R., & Sartory, G. (2009) · Cited by 3
Psychologische Grundlagen der Verhaltenstherapie
Ehlers, A. (1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-08350-5_3 · Cited by 3
Specific Phobias
Öst, L., & Reuterskiöld, L. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118330043.ch5 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Àgora de salut vol. V (número complet)
varios, A. (2018) · Àgora de salut · doi:10.6035/agorasalut.2018.5 · Cited by 3
Spezifische Phobien
Öst, L. (1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-10774-4_2 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
A Gamified Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Individuals with Arachnophobia: A Pilot Study
Lopes, I. S., de Almeida, R. S., Gomes, P. V., & Marques, A. J. (2025) · Virtual Worlds · doi:10.3390/virtualworlds4020015 · Cited by 3
CBT for Specific Phobias
Gega, L., & Wright, B. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108355605.004 · Cited by 2
Lernpsychologische Grundlagen der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie
Michael, T., Lass‐Hennemann, J., & Ehlers, A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-54911-7_5 · Cited by 2
Augmented Reality in Psychology
Juan, M. ‐., & Pérez, D. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0064-6_21 · Cited by 2
Current Issues in the Treatment of Specific Phobia: Recommendations for Innovative Applications of Hypnosis
Spiegel, S. (2014) · American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00029157.2013.801009 · Cited by 5
Specific Phobias
Nebel-Schwalm, M. S., Spano, P., & Davis, T. E. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00227-2 · Cited by 2
Spezifische Phobien
Öst, L. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-79543-8_2 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
What can Comprehensive Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Achieve in People with Spider Phobia? - A Case Series
Wright, B., Kennedy, J., Bennett, S. D., Manea, L., Tomlinson, H., & Tindall, L. (2015) · Cited by 2
Social anxiety disorder and specific phobias
Blackmore, M. A., Erwin, B. A., Heimberg, R. G., Magee, L., & Fresco, D. M. (2012) · doi:10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0098 · Cited by 2
Exposure Techniques
Vorstenbosch, V., Newman, L., & Antony, M. M. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118528563.wbcbt03 · Cited by 3
Attenuation of renewal of fear using context similarity with spider fearful individuals
Bagley, L., & Bandarian‐Balooch, S. (2020) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2020.101630 · Cited by 1
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Disorders
(2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108355605.003 · Cited by 1
Single Case Evaluation of an Intensive Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder
Stoddard, J. A., Rosellini, A. J., & Hofmann, S. G. (2008) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1521/ijct.2008.1.2.114 · Cited by 1
Spezifische Phobien
Wannemüller, A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-54909-4_2 · Cited by 2
Improving Exposure Therapy Through Projection-Based Augmented Reality for the Treatment of Cockroach Phobia: A Feasibility, Multiple-Baseline, Single-Case Study
Palau-Batet, M., Bretón-López, J. M., Grimaldos, J., Suso‐Ribera, C., Castilla, D., García‐Palacios, A., & Quero, S. (2024) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app14209581 · Cited by 2
Guided Practice in der Verhaltenstherapie
Teismann, T., & Wannemüller, A. (2019) · Verhaltenstherapie · doi:10.1159/000496945 · Cited by 1
“Dass es von Vorteil ist, wenn Therapeuten Expositionen begleiten und nicht ausschließlich selbstgeleitete Expositionen durchgeführt werden, zeigte sich bei der Behandlung von Spinnenphobien [Öst et al., 1991; Hellström und Öst, 1995] und Zwangsstörungen [Rosa-Alcázar et al., 2008].”
Background
Improving the efficacy of exposure therapy using projection-based augmented reality for the treatment of cockroach phobia: a randomised clinical trial protocol
Palau-Batet, M., Bretón-López, J. M., Grimaldos, J., Díaz-Sanahuja, L., & Quero, S. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069026 · Cited by 1
Media-based behavioural and cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders
Mayo‐Wilson, E., & Montgomery, P. (2005) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005330 · Cited by 1
A computer-based self-treatment for social phobia : Development, evaluation and a controlled treatment study
Wolf, M. (2003) · Cited by 1
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Authors: Öst, L.-G., Salkovskis, P. M., & Hellström, K.
Affiliations: Uppsala University (SE)
Warneford Hospital (GB)
Corresponding author: Öst, Lars-Göran
ORCID: Öst, Lars-Göran
Salkovskis, Paul M.
Venue: Behavior Therapy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1991
Volume: 22
Issue: 3
Pages: 407-422
ISSN: 0005-7894 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0005-7894(05)80374-0
OpenAlex: W1992300724
Cited by: 220
References: 25
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 7.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Behavior Therapy (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
Keywords: spider phobia, specific phobia, exposure therapy, single-session intervention, long-term follow-up

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One-session therapist-directed exposure vs. self-exposure in the treatment of spider phobia

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