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Emotional processing, three modes of mind and the prevention of relapse in depression
Abstract
Rachman's (1980) analysis [Rachman, S. (1980). Emotional processing. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 18, 51-60] of emotional processing is extended and applied to the prevention of relapse and recurrence in depression. It is proposed that effective emotional processing leads to changes in the ability of triggering cues to reactivate depressogenic processing cycles at times of potential relapse. Available evidence supports the usefulness of the probe methodology of the emotional processing framework as a way to investigate processes mediating relapse prevention by cognitive therapy. It is proposed that effective emotional processing involves creation of modified affect-related schematic mental models and that this occurs most effectively only within certain processing configurations or modes of mind. Within the Interacting Cognitive Subsystems (ICS) framework, three modes of processing emotional material can be distinguished: 'mindless emoting'; 'conceptualising/doing' and 'mindful experiencing/being'. Only the last of these facilitates emotional processing; the second may prevent effective emotional processing and perpetuate depression by ruminative, conceptually dominated processing. This analysis suggests a further strategy to prevent relapse, in addition to modifying depressogenic schematic models, by teaching recovered depressed patients skills to switch processing modes by intentional redeployment of attention. Results of a recent trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy support the effectiveness of this novel alternative strategy.
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“This is consistent with suggestions that there may be more than one mode of self-focus (Teasdale, 1999), in that participants in the current study seemed to be able to use MBCT techniques and focus on bodily sensations without being drawn into a ruminative spiral.”
From Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for severe health anxiety (hypochondriasis): An interpretative phenomenological analysis of patients' experiences (2011) · cites this paper as Teasdale, 1999
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Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition.
Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., Segal, Z. V., Abbey, S., Speca, M., Velting, D., et al. (2004) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.bph077 · Cited by 7,234
“Although mindfulness has been described by a number of investigators (Kabat-Zinn, 1990, 1998; Shapiro & Swartz, 1999, 2000; Teasdale, 1999b; Segal et al., 2002), the field has thus far proceeded in the absence of an operational definition (Bishop, 2002).”
BackgroundMindfulness: Theoretical Foundations and Evidence for its Salutary Effects
Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/10478400701598298 · Cited by 3,654
“…cognition are tightly intertwined, the mindful mode of processing is pre- or para-conceptual (c.f. Marcel, 2003); it does not compare, categorize, or evaluate, nor does it contemplate, introspect, reflect, or ruminate upon events or experiences based on memory (Brown & Ryan, 2003; Teasdale, 1999).”
BackgroundInfluentialEffects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies
Keng, S.-L., Smoski, M. J., & Robins, C. J. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.04.006 · Cited by 2,687
“Increased metacognitive awareness has been hypothesized to lead to reductions in rumination (Teasdale, 1999), a process of repetitive negative thinking that has been considered a risk factor for a number of psychological disorders (Ehring & Watkins, 2008).”
BackgroundFeldman, G., Hayes, A., Kumar, S., Greeson, J., & Laurenceau, J.-P. (2007) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-006-9035-8 · Cited by 1,630
“…as assessed by the CAMSR is an adaptive response to problems but one which is relatively distinct from more active analytical modes of thought (Teasdale, 1999) and, instead, may be better characterized by the tendency to approach problems without relying on habitual response sets (Borkovec,…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe multidimensional assessment of interoceptive awareness (MAIA)
Mehling, W. E., Price, C., Daubenmier, J. J., Acree, M., Bartmess, E., & Stewart, A. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048230 · Cited by 1,429
Metadata
- Authors
- Teasdale, J. D.
- Affiliations
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Teasdale, John D.
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-07
- Volume
- 37
- Pages
- S53-S77
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2076940846
- Semantic Scholar
- 57e0373609a90ad1c04935e7e8ac50f0ac5441e4
- Cited by
- 481
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 10.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- emotional processing, depression relapse prevention, depression recurrence, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Attention, Defense Mechanisms, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Processes, Models, Psychological, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Self Efficacy, Secondary Prevention
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