Inhibitory effect of ginsenosides on NMDA receptor-mediated signals in rat hippocampal neurons
Abstract
Alternative medicines such as herbal products are increasingly being used for preventive and therapeutic purposes. Ginseng is the best known and most popular herbal medicine used worldwide. In spite of some beneficial effects of ginseng on the CNS, little scientific evidence shows at the cellular level. In the present study, we have examined the direct modulation of ginseng on the activation of glutamate, especially NMDA, receptors in cultured hippocampal neurons. Using fura-2-based digital imaging techniques, we found ginseng total saponins inhibited NMDA-induced but less effectively glutamate-induced increase in [Ca2+]i. Ginseng total saponins also modulated Ca2+ transients evoked by depolarization with 50mM KCl along with its own effects on [Ca2+]i. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg3 is an active component for ginseng actions on NMDA receptors. The data obtained suggest that the inhibition of NMDA receptors by ginseng, in particular by ginsenoside Rg3, could be one of the mechanisms for ginseng-mediated neuroprotective actions.
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Ginkgo was declared safe for use in Alzheimer's disease patients.
“Hence, Gingko was declared safe for use in AD patients [104 , 105] .”
From Phytotherapy: A promising approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (2022) · cites this paper as [104]
Increased CYP3A4 activity increases formation of the active metabolite of trazodone, m-chlorophenylpiperazine.
“The later action increases the formation of the active metabolite of trazodone, m -chlorophenylpiperazine [104]”
From Phytotherapy: A promising approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (2022) · cites this paper as [104]
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References 35 · Cited by 128
- Authors
- Kim, S., Ahn, K., Oh, T. H., Nah, S.-Y., & Rhim, H.
- Affiliations
- Korean Association Of Science and Technology Studies (KR)
- Korea University (KR)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Konkuk University (KR)
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Rhim, Hyewhon
- Venue
- Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-08
- Volume
- 296
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 247-254
- ISSN
- 0006-291X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2002331346
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 3.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ginseng Biological Effects and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection
- Keywords
- ginsenosides, ginseng, NMDA receptor, glutamate receptors, hippocampal neurons, intracellular calcium, ginsenoside Rg3, neuroprotection, calcium transients, herbal medicine
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animals, Newborn, Cells, Cultured, Central Nervous System Agents, Fluorescent Dyes, Panax, Hippocampus, Neurons, Plants, Medicinal, Saponins, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, N-Methylaspartate, Fura-2, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists, Glutamic Acid, Calcium Signaling, Herbal Medicine, Ginsenosides, Rats
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