Cortisol circadian rhythms during the menstrual cycle and with sleep deprivation in premenstrual dysphoric disorder and normal control subjects
Abstract
Background In this study we extended previous work by examining whether disturbances in the circadian rhythms of cortisol during the menstrual cycle distinguish patients with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) from normal control (NC) subjects. In addition, we tested the differential response to the effects of early and late partial sleep deprivation on cortisol rhythms.Methods In 15 PMDD and 15 NC subjects we measured cortisol levels every 30 min from 6:00 PM to 9:00 AM during midfollicular (MF) and late luteal (LL) menstrual cycle phases and also during a randomized crossover trial of early (sleep 3:00 AM-7:00 AM) versus late (sleep 9:00 PM-1:00 AM) partial sleep deprivation administered in two subsequent and separate luteal phases.Results In follicular versus luteal menstrual cycle phases we observed altered timing but not quantitative measures of cortisol secretion in PMDD subjects, compared with NC subjects: in the LL versus MF phase the cortisol acrophase was a mean of 1 hour earlier in NC subjects, but not in PMDD subjects. The effect of sleep deprivation on cortisol timing measures also differed for PMDD versus NC subjects: during late partial sleep deprivation (when subjects' sleep was earlier), the cortisol acrophase was almost 2 hours earlier in PMDD subjects.Conclusions Timing rather than quantitative measures of cortisol secretion differentiated PMDD subjects from NC subjects both during the menstrual cycle and in response to early versus late sleep deprivation interventions.
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The circadian variation of cortisol in healthy women was found to be phase-delayed by about 1 hour, phase-advanced by about 1 hour, or decreased in amplitude during the luteal phase compared with the follicular phase.
“The circadian variation of cortisol in healthy women was found to be phase-delayed by ~1 hour [63], phase-advanced by ~1 hour [68] or decreased in amplitude [37] during the LP compared to the FP.”
From Sleep, hormones, and circadian rhythms throughout the menstrual cycle in healthy women and women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (2010) · cites this paper as [68]
In another study, cortisol rhythm was delayed by approximately 1 hour in the late luteal phase compared to the mid follicular phase in healthy controls but unchanged in PMDD women.
“In one study, PMDD patients showed a tendency for a phase-advance of the cortisol rhythm during the LP compared to the FP [63], whereas in another, it was delayed by ~1 hour in the late-LP compared to the mid-FP in healthy controls but unchanged in PMDD women [68].”
From Sleep, hormones, and circadian rhythms throughout the menstrual cycle in healthy women and women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (2010) · cites this paper as [68]
Late sleep deprivation advances cortisol acrophase in PMDD patients.
“Late-SD (sleep times: 21:00–01:00) increased CBT amplitude [105] and advanced the acrophase of CBT [105], PRL [64], and cortisol [68], while it delayed the TSH acrophase [64].”
From Sleep, hormones, and circadian rhythms throughout the menstrual cycle in healthy women and women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (2010) · cites this paper as [68]
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References 76 · Cited by 63
- Authors
- Parry, B. L., Javeed, S., Laughlin, G. A., Hauger, R., & Clopton, P.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Parry, Barbara L
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-11
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 920-931
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1991574061
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH30914)
- National Center for Research Resources (M-01RR00827, M01RR000827)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- premenstrual dysphoric disorder, cortisol, circadian rhythm, menstrual cycle, luteal phase, follicular phase, sleep deprivation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Follicular Phase, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Luteal Phase, Menstrual Cycle, Premenstrual Syndrome, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Sleep Deprivation, Cross-Over Studies
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