The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Heat transfer from spheres and other animal forms
Open accessAbstract
A general predictive relation for the convection heat transfer from animal forms is developed. This relation is based on the convection equation for a sphere, and employs a simple, unique characteristic dimension to represent the animal which is the cube root of the animal volume. The accuracy of this relation is established through comparison with available convection results from animal shapes ranging in size and shape from spiders to cows. This relation allows an extrapolation to animal shapes for which data are not available. Results are also presented for the enhancement of convection heat transfer due to natural turbulence. A procedure is outlined for estimating the convecture heat loss from an animal in the natural outdoor environment.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Stevenson, R. D. (1985) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/284423 · Cited by 503
Body Size and Limits to the Daily Range of Body Temperature in Terrestrial Ectotherms
Stevenson, R. D. (1985) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/284330 · Cited by 419
Revisiting concepts of thermal physiology: predicting responses of mammals to climate change
Mitchell, D., Snelling, E. P., Hetem, R. S., Maloney, S. K., Strauss, W. M., & Fuller, A. (2018) · Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2656.12818 · Cited by 299
The World Is not Flat: Defining Relevant Thermal Landscapes in the Context of Climate Change
Sears, M. W., Raskin, E., & Angilletta, M. J. (2011) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/icr111 · Cited by 288
Size, shape, and the thermal niche of endotherms
Porter, W. P., & Kearney, M. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0907321106 · Cited by 271
Metadata
- Authors
- Mitchell, J. W.
- Venue
- Biophysical Journal
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1976-06
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 561-569
- ISSN
- 0006-3495 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2009014099
- Cited by
- 167
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 8.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Heat transfer from spheres and other animal forms. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s0006-3495(76)85711-6
- The paper
- Mitchell, J. W. (1976). Heat transfer from spheres and other animal forms. Biophysical Journal. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(76)85711-6
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.