Cited by 165Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeuroscience and Music PerceptionHearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 77 of the 77 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Differential modulation of auditory thalamocortical and intracortical synaptic transmission by cholinergic agonist

Hsieh, Candace Y, Cruikshank, Scott J, Metherate, Raju·2000·Brain Research

DOI 10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02766-9

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

To investigate synaptic mechanisms underlying information processing in auditory cortex, we examined cholinergic modulation of synaptic transmission in a novel slice preparation containing thalamocortical and intracortical inputs to mouse auditory cortex. Extracellular and intracellular recordings were made in cortical layer IV while alternately stimulating thalamocortical afferents (via medial geniculate or downstream subcortical stimulation) and intracortical afferents. Either subcortical or intracortical stimulation elicited a fast, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX)-sensitive, monosynaptic EPSP followed by long-duration, polysynaptic activity. The cholinergic agonist carbachol suppressed each of the synaptic potentials to different degrees. At low concentrations (5 microM) carbachol strongly reduced (>60%) the polysynaptic slow potentials for both pathways but did not affect the monosynaptic fast potentials. At higher doses (10-50 microM), carbachol also reduced the fast potentials, but reduced the intracortically-elicited fast potential significantly more than the thalamocortically-elicited fast potential, which at times was actually enhanced. Atropine (0.5 microM) blocked the effects of carbachol, indicating muscarinic receptor involvement. We conclude that muscarinic modulation can strongly suppress intracortical synaptic activity while exerting less suppression, or actually enhancing, thalamocortical inputs. Such differential actions imply that auditory information processing may favor sensory information relayed through the thalamus over ongoing cortical activity during periods of increased acetylcholine (ACh) release.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02766-9

Cites

77 of 77 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Thomas, Springfield, Illinois
MAGOUN, H. N. (1965) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-196504000-00011 · Cited by 2,932
Molecular cloning, functional properties, and distribution of rat brain alpha 7: a nicotinic cation channel highly permeable to calcium
Séguéla, P., Wadiche, J. I., Dineley‐Miller, K., Dani, J., & Jw, P. (1993) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.13-02-00596.1993 · Cited by 1,471
Muscarinic suppression of a novel voltage-sensitive K+ current in a vertebrate neurone
Brown, D. A., & Adams, P. R. (1980) · Nature · doi:10.1038/283673a0 · Cited by 1,447
Cortical Map Reorganization Enabled by Nucleus Basalis Activity
Kilgard, M. P., & Merzenich, M. M. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.279.5357.1714 · Cited by 1,197
Hippocampal synaptic transmission enhanced by low concentrations of nicotine
Gray, R. G. F., Rajan, A. S., Radcliffe, K. A., Yakehiro, M., & Dani, J. A. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/383713a0 · Cited by 947
A neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit (α7) is developmentally regulated and forms a homo-oligomeric channel blocked by α-BTX
Couturier, S., Bertrand, D., Matter, J., Hernandez, M., Bertrand, S., Millar, N. S., Valera, S., BARKAS, T., & Ballivet, M. (1990) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(90)90344-f · Cited by 941
The mechanism of excitation by acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex
Krnjević, K., Pumain, R., & Renaud, L. P. (1971) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1971.sp009467 · Cited by 708
Thalamocortical responses of mouse somatosensory (barrel) cortexin vitro
Agmon, A., & Connors, B. W. (1991) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(91)90333-j · Cited by 673
Neuromodulation and cortical function: modeling the physiological basis of behavior
Hasselmo, M. E. (1995) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(94)00113-t · Cited by 557
Differential regulation of neocortical synapses by neuromodulators and activity
Gil, Z., Connors, B. W., & Amitai, Y. (1997) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80380-3 · Cited by 553

Show all 77 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Rose, 2000, Lower threshold and increased probability for orthodromic vs. antidromic activation of cortex in an auditory thalamocortical slice, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 26, 637

Sorted by citations

Items 101–165 of 165

Cholinergic modulation incorporated with a tone presentation induces frequency‐specific threshold decreases in the auditory cortex of the mouse
Chen, G., & Yan, J. (2007) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05432.x · Cited by 22
Potential roles of cholinergic modulation in the neural coding of location and movement speed
Dannenberg, H., Hinman, J. R., & Hasselmo, M. E. (2016) · Journal of Physiology-Paris · doi:10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.09.002 · Cited by 22
Network Architecture, Receptive Fields, and Neuromodulation: Computational and Functional Implications of Cholinergic Modulation in Primary Auditory Cortex
Soto, G., Kopell, N., & Sen, K. (2006) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00459.2006 · Cited by 20
A Profile of Auditory Forebrain Connections and Circuits
Winer, J. A. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0074-6_2 · Cited by 20
A network model of behavioural performance in a rule learning task
Hasselmo, M. E., & Stern, C. E. (2018) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2017.0275 · Cited by 20
Cholinergic modulation of sensory perception and plasticity
Kunnath, A. J., Gifford, R. H., & Wallace, M. T. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105323 · Cited by 23
Harnessing the power of theta: natural manipulations of cognitive performance during hippocampal theta-contingent eyeblink conditioning
Hoffmann, L. C., Cicchese, J. J., & Berry, S. D. (2015) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2015.00050 · Cited by 20
Microsphere embolism‐induced cortical cholinergic deafferentation and impairments in attentional performance
Craft, T. K. S., Mahoney, J. H., DeVries, A. C., & Sarter, M. F. (2005) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04136.x · Cited by 18
Histological Determination of the Areas Enriched in Cholinergic Terminals and m2 and m3 Muscarinic Receptors in the Mouse Central Auditory System
Hamada, S., Houtani, T., Trifonov, S., Kase, M., Maruyama, M., Shimizu, J., Yamashita, T., Tomoda, K., & Sugimoto, T. (2010) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.21186 · Cited by 17
Acetylcholine-mediated top-down attention improves the response to bottom-up inputs by deformation of the attractor landscape
Kanamaru, T., & Aihara, K. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0223592 · Cited by 18
Rapid thalamocortical network switching mediated by cortical synchronization underlies propofol-induced EEG signatures: a biophysical model
Soplata, A. E., Adam, E. M., Brown, E. N., Purdon, P. L., McCarthy, M. M., & Kopell, N. (2023) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00068.2022 · Cited by 15
Reduced Fractional Anisotropy Does Not Change the Shape of the Hemodynamic Response in Survivors of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Palmer, H. S., Garzón, B., Xu, J., Berntsen, E. M., Skandsen, T., & Haberg, A. K. (2010) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2009.1225 · Cited by 15
Neuromodulation of Persistent Activity and Working Memory Circuitry in Primate Prefrontal Cortex by Muscarinic Receptors
Vijayraghavan, S., & Everling, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2021.648624 · Cited by 19
Modulation of metastable ensemble dynamics explains the inverted-U relationship between tone discriminability and arousal in auditory cortex
Papadopoulos, L., Jo, S., Zumwalt, K., Wehr, M., Jaramillo, S., McCormick, D. A., & Mazzucato, L. (2025) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2025.11.011 · Cited by 16
After-hyperpolarization currents and acetylcholine control sigmoid transfer functions in a spiking cortical model
Palma, J., Massimiliano Versace, A., & Grossberg, S. (2011) · Journal of Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s10827-011-0354-8 · Cited by 14
Correction: Muscarinic and Nicotinic Modulation of Thalamo-Prefrontal Cortex Synaptic Pasticity In Vivo
Bueno-Júnior, L. S., Lopes‐Aguiar, C., Ruggiero, R. N., Romcy-Pereira, R. N., & Leite, J. P. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/annotation/d2dbf233-db12-431f-b9b6-4bd31cbca23e · Cited by 14
Deviance Detection and Encoding Acoustic Regularity in the Auditory Midbrain
Malmierca, M. S., Carbajal, G. V., & Escera, C. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190849061.013.19 · Cited by 12
Basal forebrain activation enhances between-trial reliability of low-frequency local field potentials (LFP) and spiking activity in tree shrew primary visual cortex (V1)
Luna, P. D., Veit, J., & Rainer, G. (2017) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-017-1468-1 · Cited by 11
The Unexplored Territory of Neural Models: Potential Guides for Exploring the Function of Metabotropic Neuromodulation
Hasselmo, M. E., Alexander, A. S., Hoyland, A., Robinson, J. C., Bezaire, M. J., Chapman, G. W., Saudargienė, A., Carstensen, L. C., & Dannenberg, H. (2020) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.03.048 · Cited by 11
AIM: A network model of attention in auditory cortex
Chou, K. F., & Sen, K. (2021) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009356 · Cited by 11
Vigilance, arousal, and acetylcholine: Optimal control of attention in a simple detection task
Chebolu, S., Dayan, P., & Lloyd, K. (2022) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010642 · Cited by 10
Cholinergic modulation supports dynamic switching of resting state networks through selective DMN suppression
Šanda, P., Hlinka, J., van den Berg, M., Škoch, A., Bazhenov, M., Keliris, G. A., & Krishnan, G. P. (2024) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012099 · Cited by 9
Bayesian Models of Attention
Yu, A. J. (2014) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.025 · Cited by 7
Learning-Stage-Dependent Plasticity of Temporal Coherence in the Auditory Cortex of Rats
Yokota, R., Aihara, K., Kanzaki, R., & Takahashi, H. (2014) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/s10548-014-0359-5 · Cited by 8
Cholinergic Activation of Corticofugal Circuits in the Adult Mouse Prefrontal Cortex
Gulledge, A. T. (2023) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1388-23.2023 · Cited by 8
Association between heart rhythm and cortical sound processing
Marcomini, R. S., Frizzo, A. C. F., de Góes, V. B., Regaçone, S. F., Garner, D. M., Raimundo, R. D., Oliveira, F. R., & Valenti, V. E. (2018) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3233/jin-180079 · Cited by 6
Corticopetal Acetylcholine: Possible Scenarios on the Role for Dynamic Organization of Quasi-Attractors
Fujii, H., Aihara, K., & Tsuda, I. (2008) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69158-7_19 · Cited by 6
Auditory accessory stimulus boosts pupil-linked arousal and reduces choice biasPreprint
Bruel, B. M., Katopodis, V. G., de Vries, R., Donner, T. H., McGinley, M. J., & de Gee, J. W. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.08.28.505585 · Cited by 5
A neuron model with unbalanced synaptic weights explains the asymmetric effects of anaesthesia on the auditory cortex
López‐Jury, L., García‐Rosales, F., González‐Palomares, E., Wetekam, J., Pasek, M., & Hechavarría, J. C. (2023) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3002013 · Cited by 4
Neurochemical Organization of the Medial Geniculate Body and Auditory Cortex
Winer, J. A. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0074-6_10 · Cited by 5
Intrinsic optical imaging study on cortical responses to electrical stimulation in ventral posterior medial nucleus of thalamus
Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Yu, C., Zheng, X., & Xu, K. (2018) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2018.01.033 · Cited by 5
Synaptic Integration in Auditory Cortex
Wehr, M., & Metherate, R. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0074-6_11 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Cell-type-specific cholinergic control of granular retrosplenial cortex with implications for angular velocity coding across brain states
Jedrasiak‐Cape, I., Rybicki-Kler, C., Brooks, I. A. W., Ghosh, M., Brennan, E. K. W., Kailasa, S., Ekins, T. G., Rupp, A. C., & Ahmed, O. J. (2025) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2025.102804 · Cited by 4
Nicotinic alteration of functional thalamocortical topography
Lee, C. C., Yanagawa, Y., & Imaizumi, K. (2015) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0000000000000409 · Cited by 4
Balancing New Against Old Information: The Role of SurprisePreprint
Faraji, M. J., Preuschoff, K., & Wulfram Gerstner, B. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · Cited by 3
Cell Type-Specific Modulation of Layer 6A Excitatory Microcircuits by Acetylcholine in Rat Barrel CortexPreprint
Yang, D., Günter, R. H., Qi, G., Radnikow, G., & Feldmeyer, D. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/701318 · Cited by 3
Muscarinic receptors at the auditory thalamocortical circuits and relevance to hearing
Sharma, S., Wadkar, A. R., & Kommajosyula, S. P. (2025) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2025.123522 · Cited by 2
Association between heart rhythm and cortical sound processing
Marcomini, R. S., Frizzo, A. C. F., de Góes, V. B., Regaçone, S. F., Garner, D. M., Raimundo, R. D., liveira, F. R. O., & Valenti, V. E. (2018) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.31083/jin-180079 · Cited by 2
Neural processing in the primary auditory cortex following cholinergic lesions of the basal forebrain in ferrets
Nodal, F. R., Leach, N. D., Keating, P., Dahmen, J. C., Zhao, D., King, A. J., & Bajo, V. M. (2024) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2024.109025 · Cited by 3
Phasic arousal optimizes decision computations in mice and humans
de Gee, J. W., Tsetsos, K., Schwabe, L., Urai, A. E., McCormick, D. A., McGinley, M. J., & Donner, T. H. (2020) · eLife · Cited by 2
Layer-specific cholinergic modulation of synaptic transmission in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of rat visual cortex
Cho, K., Lee, S. Y., Joo, K., & Rhie, D. (2019) · Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.4196/kjpp.2019.23.5.317 · Cited by 2
Balancing New Against Old Information: The Role of Surprise in LearningPreprint
Faraji, M., Preuschoff, K., & Gerstner, W. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1606.05642 · Cited by 2
Dissociation between catecholamines and acetylcholine in the human cerebral cortexPreprint
Pfeffer, T. A., Ponce‐Alvarez, A., Meindertsma, T., Gahnstrom, C. J., van den Brink, R. L., Nolte, G., Tsetsos, K., Engel, A. K., Deco, G., & Donner, T. H. (2020) · Bristol Research (University of Bristol) · doi:10.1101/2020.06.25.171199 · Cited by 4
Cell-type specific modulation of neocortical UP and DOWN states
Ramaswamy, S., & Muller, E. B. (2015) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00370 · Cited by 1
Neuromodulation of intrinsic and synaptic plasticity in auditory cortex
Rao, D. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/t4an-c727 · Cited by 1
NON-STEROIDAL HUMAN PERFORMANCE ENHANCING AGENTS
Mehta, G., Joshi, M., & Joshi, S. V. (2021) · INDIAN DRUGS · doi:10.53879/id.57.12.12777 · Cited by 1
Presynaptic Inhibitory Effects of Acetylcholine in the Hippocampus: A 40-Year Evolution of a Serendipitous Finding
Valentino, R. J., & Dingledine, R. J. (2021) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3229-20.2021 · Cited by 1
A Systematic Exploration of Local Network State Space in Neocortical Mouse Brain Slices
Voss, L. J. (2021) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147784 · Cited by 1
REFINEMENT OF INHIBITORY CIRCUITS DURING DEVELOPMENT OF THE MAMMALIAN AUDITORY BRAINSTEM
Kim, G. (2004) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) · Cited by 1
Ach and NE : Bayes, uncertainty, attention and learning.
Yu, A. J. (2005) · TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt) · Cited by 1
Muscarinic modulation of spike-timing dependent plasticity at recurrent layer 2/3 synapses in mouse auditory cortexPreprint
Rao, D., Kratz, M. B., & Manis, P. B. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/690446 · Cited by 1
Afferent-specific modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission by acetylcholine and serotonin in the prelimbic cortexPreprint
Baker, A. L., & Gulledge, A. T. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.05.04.652144 · Cited by 1
Plasticidade sináptica no córtex pré-frontal induzida por estimulação do tálamo mediodorsal de ratos in vivo: efeitos da modulação colinérgica muscarínica e nicotínica
Bueno-Júnior, L. S. (2012) · doi:10.11606/t.17.2012.tde-06112012-160140
Effects of cholinesterase inhibition on brain function
Bentley, P. (2011) · UCL Discovery (University College London)
Psychopathology of psychosis: Towards integration from an idealist perspective
Behrendt, R., & Young, C. C. (2004) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x04440187
Prefrontal cortical modulation of posterior parietal acetylcholine release: a study of glutamatergic and cholinergic mechanisms
Nelson, C. (2004) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
is mediated by GABAergic inhibition Cholinergic suppression of visual responses in primate V1
Disney, A., Aoki, C. J., & Hawken, M. J. (2012)
Acetylcholinergic Nicotinic Receptors as Pharmacological Targets for Cognitive Enhancement: Emerging Evidence from Psychosis Populations
Tracy, D. K., Casetti, V., Rowe, A. R., Mercer, L., & Shergill, S. S. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2803-5_42
Understanding psychotic pathophysiology with transient, sustained, and oscillatory auditory neural response abnormalities
Hamm, J. P. (2013)
Cholinergic and Anatomical Dissociation of the Engagement and Disengagement of Spatial Attention in Rats
Ljubojevic, V. (2015) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
A Repeated Amphetamine Model of Impaired Attention in Schizophrenia.
Martínez, V. (2008) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan)
Bibliography
Chen, Z. S., Haykin, S., Eggermont, J. J., & Becker, S. (2007) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470171455.biblio
The Effects of Propofol Anaesthesia on Molecular-enriched Networks During Resting-state and Naturalistic StimulationPreprint
Lawn, T., Martins, D., O’Daly, O., Williams, S., Howard, M. A., & Dipasquale, O. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.05.24.493298 · Cited by 1
Neuromodulation in Cortical Circuits
Galvin, V. C., & Disney, A. A. (2023) · doi:10.1093/med/9780197676158.003.0010
Nicotine causes highly localized and tuned changes in thalamocortical gain that cascade strongly and selectively through the cortical circuitPreprint
Galvin, V. C., & Disney, A. A. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.02.22.707315

Authors: Hsieh, C. Y., Cruikshank, S. J., & Metherate, R.
Affiliations: University of California, Irvine (US)
Corresponding author: Metherate, Raju
ORCID: Cruikshank, Scott J
Metherate, Raju
Venue: Brain Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2000-10
Volume: 880
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 51-64
ISSN: 0006-8993 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02766-9
OpenAlex: W2079075815
Cited by: 165
References: 77
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 1.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Brain Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (MH 14599, T32MH014599)
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (DC 02967)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
Keywords: cholinergic modulation, muscarinic receptors, auditory cortex, thalamocortical synapses, synaptic transmission, carbachol, atropine, medial geniculate body, monosynaptic EPSPs, acetylcholine, auditory processing
MeSH terms: Animals, Atropine, Auditory Cortex, Carbachol, Electric Stimulation, Evoked Potentials, Mice, Inbred Strains, Synaptic Transmission, Thalamus, 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate, Receptors, AMPA, Kainic Acid Receptors, Receptors, Kainic Acid, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Cholinergic Agonists, 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Mice, In Vitro Techniques

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Differential modulation of auditory thalamocortical and intracortical synaptic transmission by cholinergic agonist

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks