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Cited by 1,235Language, Discourse, Communication StrategiesPhonetics and Phonology ResearchSyntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 105 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Using uh and um in spontaneous speaking

Clark, H·2002·Cognition
DOI 10.1016/s0010-0277(02)00017-3
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Abstract

The proposal examined here is that speakers use uh and um to announce that they are initiating what they expect to be a minor (uh), or major (um), delay in speaking. Speakers can use these announcements in turn to implicate, for example, that they are searching for a word, are deciding what to say next, want to keep the floor, or want to cede the floor. Evidence for the proposal comes from several large corpora of spontaneous speech. The evidence shows that speakers monitor their speech plans for upcoming delays worthy of comment. When they discover such a delay, they formulate where and how to suspend speaking, which item to produce (uh or um), whether to attach it as a clitic onto the previous word (as in "and-uh"), and whether to prolong it. The argument is that uh and um are conventional English words, and speakers plan for, formulate, and produce them just as they would any word.

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Metadata

Authors
Clark, H.
Affiliations
Stanford University (US)
Corresponding author
Clark, H
ORCID
Clark, H
Venue
Cognition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2002-05
Volume
84
Issue
1
Pages
73-111
ISSN
0010-0277 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0010-0277(02)00017-3
OpenAlex
W2140615673
Cited by
1,235
References
105
Citations by year
2026: 53 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 88 · 2023: 71 · 2022: 86 · 2021: 100 · 2020: 86 · 2019: 85 · 2018: 72 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 64 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 44
FWCI
124.78
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Cognition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
Keywords
um, speech delay, spontaneous speech, speech preparation, clitics, floor control, word search, conversational implicature
MeSH terms
Humans, Language, Speech

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