The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The characterization of a measure of information discrepancy
Overview
Integrity signals
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Cites
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Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Some other image encryption quality / randomness measurements [21, 40] also fail to include the property 4.”
From Local Shannon entropy measure with statistical tests for image randomness (2013) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“Unlike other variants of Shannon entropy for image encryption [21], our measurement is directly designed for image data and is well mathematically grounded.”
From Local Shannon entropy measure with statistical tests for image randomness (2013) · cites this paper as [21]
Citations
Cites
A Mathematical Theory of Communication
Shannon, C. E. (1948) · Bell System Technical Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x · Cited by 88,486
Elements of Information Theory
Cover, T. M., & Thomas, J. A. (2001) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471200611 · Cited by 36,808
Information theory and statistics
(1959) · Journal of the Franklin Institute · doi:10.1016/0016-0032(59)90368-0 · Cited by 7,287
Elements of Information Theory
Jacobs, K. (1992) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-8645-1_7 · Cited by 3,075
Entropy optimization principles with applications
Kapur, J. N., & Kesavan, H. K. (1992) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 858
On Measures of Information and their Characterizations
(1975) · Mathematics in Science and Engineering · doi:10.1016/s0076-5392(08)x6157-0 · Cited by 811
Entropy optimization principles with applications
Lind, N. (1993) · Structural Safety · doi:10.1016/0167-4730(93)90006-m · Cited by 493
On the Foundations of Information Theory
Rényi, A., & Rényi, A. (1965) · Revue de l Institut International de Statistique / Review of the International Statistical Institute · doi:10.2307/1401301 · Cited by 203
On the entropy of DNA: algorithms and measurements based on memory and rapid convergence
Farach-Colton, M., Noordewier, M. O., Savari, S. A., Shepp, L. A., Wyner, A. J., & Ziv, J. (1995) · doi:10.5555/313651.313662 · Cited by 81
On the Axioms of Information Theory
Lee, P. M. (1964) · The Annals of Mathematical Statistics · doi:10.1214/aoms/1177703765 · Cited by 80
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- W. Fang, A measure of information discrepancy and an application in the DNA study, Chinese Science Abstract (research Reports), vol. 5, no. 8, pp. 1028–1029
- Nath, 1968, On the measures of errors in information, J. Math. Sci., 3, 1
Cited by
Local Shannon entropy measure with statistical tests for image randomness
Wu, Y., Zhou, Y., Saveriades, G., Agaian, S., Noonan, J. P., & Natarajan, P. (2013) · Information Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ins.2012.07.049 · Cited by 722
“Shannon entropy [8,47] has been widely used in image encryption for years as a common measure for information and uncertainty [17,21,36,39].”
Method
Metadata
- Authors
- Fang, W.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fang, Weiwu
- ORCID
- Fang, Weiwu
- Venue
- Information Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-06
- Volume
- 125
- Issue
- 1-4
- Pages
- 207-232
- ISSN
- 0020-0255 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2076805164
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2017: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- Locations
- Information Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Statistical Mechanics and Entropy
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Probability and Statistical Research
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Multi-Criteria Decision Making
- Keywords
- multi-source data, Shannon entropy, characterization of functions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The characterization of a measure of information discrepancy. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s0020-0255(00)00008-6
- The paper
- Fang, W. (2000). The characterization of a measure of information discrepancy. Information Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-0255(00)00008-6
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
