The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Urinary incontinence as a worldwide problem
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This paper reviews the literature on the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) and demonstrates its impact as a worldwide problem. METHODS: A MEDLINE search was performed to review population-based studies in English. Studies were grouped according to demographic variables and type of incontinence. Risk factors, help-seeking behavior, and quality of life measures were analyzed. RESULTS: The median prevalence of female UI was 27.6% (range: 4.8-58.4%) and prevalence of significant incontinence increased with age. The commonest cause of UI was stress (50%), then mixed (32%) and finally urge (14%). Risk factors included parity, obesity, chronic cough, depression, poor health, lower urinary tract symptoms, previous hysterectomy, and stroke. Although quality of life was affected, most patients did not seek help. CONCLUSION: UI is a prevalent cross-cultural condition. Future studies should rely on universally accepted standardized definitions to produce meaningful evidence-based conclusions, as well as project the costs of this global healthcare problem.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Miles, T. P., Palmer, R. F., Espino, D. V., Mouton, C. P., Lichtenstein, M. J., & Markides, K. S. (2001) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/56.1.m19 · Cited by 68
Cited by
Irwin, D. E., Kopp, Z. S., Agatep, B., Milsom, I., & Abrams, P. (2011) · BJU International · doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.2010.09993.x · Cited by 1,019
Tennstedt, S. L., Link, C. L., Steers, W. D., & McKinlay, J. B. (2008) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwm356 · Cited by 222
The role of obesity on urinary incontinence and anal incontinence in women: a review
Doumouchtsis, S., Loganathan, J., & Pergialiotis, V (2022) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.16848 · Cited by 79
Metadata
- Authors
- Minassian, V. A., Drutz, H. P., & Al-Badr, A.
- Venue
- International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-09
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 327-338
- ISSN
- 0020-6695 (ISSN-L)
- 0020-7292
- OpenAlex
- W2016717987
- Cited by
- 624
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 11.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Urinary incontinence as a worldwide problem. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s0020-7292(03)00220-0
- The paper
- Minassian, V. A., Drutz, H. P., & Al-Badr, A. (2003). Urinary incontinence as a worldwide problem. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(03)00220-0
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
