Cited by 354Amino Acid Enzymes and MetabolismCancer, Hypoxia, and MetabolismSulfur Compounds in Biology

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THE GROWTH RESPONSE OF MAMMALIAN CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE TO l-GLUTAMINE AND l-GLUTAMIC ACID

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Eagle, Harry, Oyama, Vance I., Levy, Mina, Horton, Clara L., Fleischman, Ralph·1956·Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Abstract

Twelve n-amino acids (arginine, cystine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine) have been found essential for the growth of two mammalian cell lines in tissue culture, a mouse fibroblast' (strain L) (1) and a human uterine carcinoma cell (strain HeLa) (2).The minimal vitamin requirement of these cell lines has also been defined (3).As will be shown here, under the conditions of the present experiments, glutamine proved similarly essential for the survival and growth of both cell lines.In a medium containing the twelve amino acids previously shown to be essential, the seven demonstrably essential vitamins, glucose, electrolytes, and serum protein, both the mouse fibroblast and the human carcinoma cell degenerated and died unless the medium was supplemented with glutamine.The quantitative aspects of this glutamine requirement, and the limited degree to which it could be satisfied by glutamic acid, are described. Methods and MaterialsThe methods of maintaining stock cultures of the two cell lines, of setting up replicate cultures with the various experimental media, and of cell enumeration to evaluate the growth response have been described in previous papers dealing with the amino acid and vitamin requirements of the mouse fibroblast (1, 3) and the HeLa carcinoma cell (2, 3).A helpful modification in the cell-counting, procedure has been the use of disodium Versenate (disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) to disperse the cells, instead of mechanically scraping them from the surface of the culture flask.The flask was drained, and 3 ml. of fresh medium at pH

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The Measurement of Proliferation in Tissue Cultures by Enumeration of Cell Nuclei
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THE SPECIFIC AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS OF A HUMAN CARCINOMA CELL (STRAIN H E L A) IN TISSUE CULTURE
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THE SPECIFIC AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS OF A MAMMALIAN CELL (STRAIN L) IN TISSUE CULTURE
Eagle, H. (1955) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)70932-0 · Cited by 287
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ISOLATION OF GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE AND GLUTAMOTRANSFERASE FROM GREEN PEAS
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Authors: Eagle, H., Oyama, V. I., Levy, M., Horton, C. L., & Fleischman, R.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
Venue: Journal of Biological Chemistry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1956-02
Volume: 218
Issue: 2
Pages: 607-616
ISSN: 0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)65826-0
OpenAlex: W1243294255
Cited by: 354
References: 17
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 9.87
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor, 23646 d)
Locations: Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Sulfur Compounds in Biology
Keywords: glutamine, glutamate, cell growth, amino acid requirements, essential amino acids, cell culture media, vitamin requirements, cell proliferation
MeSH terms: Animals, Glutamates, Glutamine, Humans, Neoplasms, Glutamic Acid, Tissue Culture Techniques

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THE GROWTH RESPONSE OF MAMMALIAN CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE TO l-GLUTAMINE AND l-GLUTAMIC ACID

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