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Cited by 354Amino Acid Enzymes and MetabolismCancer, Hypoxia, and MetabolismSulfur Compounds in Biology

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

THE GROWTH RESPONSE OF MAMMALIAN CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE TO l-GLUTAMINE AND l-GLUTAMIC ACID

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Eagle, Harry, Oyama, Vance I., Levy, Mina, Horton, Clara L., Fleischman, Ralph·1956·Journal of Biological Chemistry
DOI 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)65826-0
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Abstract

Twelve n-amino acids (arginine, cystine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine) have been found essential for the growth of two mammalian cell lines in tissue culture, a mouse fibroblast' (strain L) (1) and a human uterine carcinoma cell (strain HeLa) (2).The minimal vitamin requirement of these cell lines has also been defined (3).As will be shown here, under the conditions of the present experiments, glutamine proved similarly essential for the survival and growth of both cell lines.In a medium containing the twelve amino acids previously shown to be essential, the seven demonstrably essential vitamins, glucose, electrolytes, and serum protein, both the mouse fibroblast and the human carcinoma cell degenerated and died unless the medium was supplemented with glutamine.The quantitative aspects of this glutamine requirement, and the limited degree to which it could be satisfied by glutamic acid, are described. Methods and MaterialsThe methods of maintaining stock cultures of the two cell lines, of setting up replicate cultures with the various experimental media, and of cell enumeration to evaluate the growth response have been described in previous papers dealing with the amino acid and vitamin requirements of the mouse fibroblast (1, 3) and the HeLa carcinoma cell (2, 3).A helpful modification in the cell-counting, procedure has been the use of disodium Versenate (disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) to disperse the cells, instead of mechanically scraping them from the surface of the culture flask.The flask was drained, and 3 ml. of fresh medium at pH

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Crossref · 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)65826-0

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17 of 17 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 7

  1. Eagle, H., J. Exp. Med., in press.
  2. Sanford, 1951, J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 11, 773
  3. Mardashev, 1950, Doklady Akad. Nauk S. S. S. R., 74, 537
  4. Cavallini, 1950, Atti r. accad. naz. Lincei, Sez. 8, 9, 374
  5. Goldthwait, 1955, Amino acid metabolism, Baltimore, 765
  6. Levenberg, 1955, Federation Proc., 14, 243
  7. Blumenthal, 1955, Bact. Proc., 137

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Metadata

Authors
Eagle, H., Oyama, V. I., Levy, M., Horton, C. L., & Fleischman, R.
Affiliations
National Institutes of Health (US)
Venue
Journal of Biological Chemistry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1956-02
Volume
218
Issue
2
Pages
607-616
ISSN
0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0021-9258(18)65826-0
OpenAlex
W1243294255
Cited by
354
References
17
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
FWCI
9.87
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Sulfur Compounds in Biology
Keywords
glutamine, glutamate, cell growth, amino acid requirements, essential amino acids, cell culture media, vitamin requirements, cell proliferation
MeSH terms
Animals, Glutamates, Glutamine, Humans, Neoplasms, Glutamic Acid, Tissue Culture Techniques

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