Cited by 1,754Sleep and related disordersAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Athens Insomnia Scale: validation of an instrument based on ICD-10 criteria

Soldatos, Constantin R, Dikeos, Dimitris G, Paparrigopoulos, Thomas J·2000·Journal of Psychosomatic Research

DOI 10.1016/s0022-3999(00)00095-7

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Objectives To describe and validate the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS).Methods The AIS is a self-assessment psychometric instrument designed for quantifying sleep difficulty based on the ICD-10 criteria. It consists of eight items: the first five pertain to sleep induction, awakenings during the night, final awakening, total sleep duration, and sleep quality; while the last three refer to well-being, functioning capacity, and sleepiness during the day. Either the entire eight-item scale (AIS-8) or the brief five-item version (AIS-5), which contains only the first five items, can be utilized. The validation of the AIS was based on its administration to 299 subjects: 105 primary insomniacs, 144 psychiatric patients and 50 non-patient controls.Results Regarding internal consistency, for both versions of the scale, the Cronbach's alpha was around 0. 90 and the mean item-total correlation coefficient was about 0.70. Moreover, in the factor analysis, the scale emerged as a sole component. The test-retest reliability correlation coefficient was found almost 0.90 at a 1-week interval. As far as external validity is concerned, the correlations of the AIS-8 and AIS-5 with the Sleep Problems Scale were 0.90 and 0.85, respectively.Conclusion The high measures of consistency, reliability, and validity of the AIS make it an invaluable tool in sleep research and clinical practice.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0022-3999(00)00095-7

Cites

29 of 29 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests
Cronbach, L. J. (1951) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02310555 · Cited by 43,931
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4 · Cited by 35,234
International Classification of Sleep Disorders
Thorpy, M. (2017) · Sleep Disorders Medicine · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6578-6_27 · Cited by 2,505
Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. An opportunity for prevention?
Ford, D. E. (1989) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.262.11.1479 · Cited by 2,440
Epidemiologic Study of Sleep Disturbances and Psychiatric Disorders: An Opportunity for Prevention?
Ford, D. E. (1989) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1989.03430110069030 · Cited by 2,252
Psychometric evaluation of the pittsburgh sleep quality index
Carpenter, J. S., & Andrykowski, M. A. (1998) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(97)00298-5 · Cited by 1,618
A scale for the estimation of sleep problems in clinical research
Jenkins, C. D., Stanton, B.-A., Niemcryk, S. J., & Rose, R. M. (1988) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(88)90138-2 · Cited by 1,216
Prevalence of sleep disorders in the Los Angeles metropolitan area
Bixler, E. O., Kales, A., Soldatos, C. R., Kales, J. D., & Healey, S. (1979) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.136.10.1257 · Cited by 889
Sleep/Wake Disorders: Natural History, Epidemiology, and Long-Term Evolution.
(1984) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-100-4-629_1 · Cited by 488

Show all 34 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Liljenberg, 1989, Affective disturbance and insomnia: a population study, Eur J Psychiatry, 3, 91

Sorted by citations

Items 801–900 of 1,000

Comparison of the usability of an automatic sleep staging program via portable 1-channel electroencephalograph and manual sleep staging with traditional polysomnography
Kawamura, A., Yoshiike, T., Matsuo, M., Kadotani, H., Oike, Y., Kawasaki, M., Kurumai, Y., Nagao, K., Takami, M., Yamada, N., et al. (2022) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1007/s41105-022-00421-5 · Cited by 9
“We recruited 26 adult outpatients aged 80 years who had undergone PSG at the Sleep Disorders Center of the Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital (Otsu, Japan) and 15 healthy adult volunteers without any sleep or neuropsychiatric problems based on a clinical interview and a self-completed questionnaire score of…”
Method
Pressure Pain Sensitivity and Chronotype: A Population-based Study of Middle-aged Finns
Heikkala, E., Oura, P., Määttä, J. H., Karppinen, J. I., & Merikanto, I. (2024) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2024.01.338 · Cited by 8
The Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Anxiety and Preoccupation About Sleep Questionnaire (APSQ)
Alghamdi, A. A., Abanumai, A., Althobaiti, M., Alzahrani, M. A., Abu-Saleh, S. Y., Ammar, A., Ghazzawi, H., Trabelsi, K., Bragazzi, N. L., BaHammam, A. S., et al. (2024) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s449354 · Cited by 8
Longitudinal association of social isolation and loneliness with physical function among in‐patients living with schizophrenia
Chen, L., Steptoe, A., Chien, I., & Ku, P. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/jpm.13043 · Cited by 8
“Sleep difficulty was measured by the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), comprising five items of difficulties with sleep onset, sleep time, sleep quality, night awakenings, and final wakening (Soldatos et al., 2000).”
Perioperative Sleep Disturbance in Surgical Patients: A Concept Analysis
Yuan, X., Ju, Z., Zhang, X., & Yin, X. (2024) · Clinical Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/10547738241258509 · Cited by 8
“Subjective measures encompass maintaining sleep diaries and utilizing questionnaires or scales, such as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (Buysse et al., 1989), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (Johns, 1991), The Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (Richards et al., 2000), Athens Insomnia Score (Soldatos et al., 200…”
A phase 3 randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of mirtazapine as a pharmacotherapy for methamphetamine use disorder: a study protocol for the Tina Trial
McKetin, R., Degan, T. J., Saunders, L., Nguyen, L., Dore, G. J., SHOPTAW, S. J., Farrell, M., Degenhardt, L. J., Kelly, P. J., Turner, A., et al. (2024) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-024-08238-y · Cited by 8
“Depressive symptoms : Total score on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) [22] at week 12.”
BackgroundInfluential
Impacts of sleep disturbance and work-related life stress on depression among Japanese and Chinese workers
Matsuda, E., & Kikutani, M. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0305936 · Cited by 9
“Eight items measuring insomnia were taken from the Athene Insomnia Scale (AIS) [52].”
MethodInfluential
Validation of the Athens Insomnia Scale Among Young Chinese Male Population in a High-Altitude Situation
Tang, X.-G., Wang, Q., Li, S., Li, X., Qian, X., & Yang, Y. (2024) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s475497 · Cited by 8
“35 According to Hair et al’s proposal, an R-square value above 0.33 is considered moderate.”
MethodInfluential
Real-world study on the application of enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in video-assisted thoracoscopic day surgery for pulmonary nodule resection
Zhang, H., Chen, W., Wang, J., Che, G., & Huang, M. (2024) · BMC Surgery · doi:10.1186/s12893-024-02566-1 · Cited by 8
“A score of 4 or more indicates possible insomnia, with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.90 [18].”
Influential
Office environments and worker satisfaction with thermal and air environments during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan
Asaoka, R., Umishio, W., Kagi, N., Hayashi, M., Sawachi, T., & Ueno, T. (2024) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112349 · Cited by 11
Exploring nightly variability and clinical influences on sleep measures: insights from a digital brain health platform
Ding, H., Madan, S., Searls, E., McNulty, M. F., Low, S., Li, Z., Ho, K., Rahman, S., Igwe, A., Popp, Z., et al. (2025) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2025.106532 · Cited by 7
Prevalence, risk factors, and impacts of sleep disturbances in patients with primary brain tumors: a systematic review
Emamzadeh, N., Abbası, F., Delfan, N., Etemadi, M. H., & Iranmehr, A. (2025) · Neurosurgical Review · doi:10.1007/s10143-025-03522-0 · Cited by 8
“It evaluates both nighttime sleep problems and their impact on daytime functioning [36].”
Academic stress and online learning engagement in medical students: the parallel mediating roles of sleep quality and positive academic emotions
Li, H., Li, W., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Ye, Y., Li, S., Liu, B., & Tian, J. (2025) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-025-08369-z · Cited by 11
“To evaluate sleep quality, the sleep quality of participants was measured using a culturally adapted version of the Athens Insomnia Scale, a self-report tool validated for screening insomnia-related symptoms and assessing nocturnal sleep quality [69].”
Clinical profile of dengue infection in a tertiary care hospital
Eregowda, A., & Valliappan, S. (2015) · Indian Journal of Child Health · doi:10.32677/ijch.2015.v02.i02.007 · Cited by 8
Relation between Selected Sleep Parameters, Depression, Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy, and the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Pathway in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Sochal, M., Ditmer, M., Binienda, A., Gabryelska, A., Białasiewicz, P., Talar‐Wojnarowska, R., Fichna, J., & Małecka-Wojciesko, E. (2023) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo13030450 · Cited by 8
“Scoring at least 5 points in this questionnaire suggests insomnia [29,30].”
Background
Optimal telework frequency in terms of sleep and labor productivity depends on the workers’ psychological distress: A cross-sectional study in Tokyo, Japan
Matsumoto, Y., Kumadaki, K., Hino, A., Itani, O., Otsuka, Y., & Kaneita, Y. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0286699 · Cited by 8
“AIS is a scale developed in accordance with the diagnostic criteria for insomnia in the International Classification of Disorders (ICD-10), and its Japanese version has been verified and validated by Okajima et al [19,20].”
Method
Longitudinal changes in depressive symptoms associated with social isolation after the Great East Japan Earthquake in Iwate Prefecture: findings from the TMM CommCohort study
Kotozaki, Y., Tanno, K., Otsuka, K., Sasaki, R., & Sasaki, M. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16082-z · Cited by 8
“Insomnia was defined as a score of ≥ 6 on the Athens Insomnia Scale [26, 27].”
Method
Real-Time Real-World Digital Monitoring of Adolescent Suicide Risk During the Six Months Following Emergency Department Discharge: Protocol for an Intensive Longitudinal Study
Barzilay, S., Fine, S., Akhavan, S., Haruvi-Catalan, L., Apter, A. S., Klomek, A. B., Carmi, L., Zohar, M., Kinarty, I., Friedman, T., et al. (2023) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/46464 · Cited by 7
“Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) [42]: An 8-item scale rated on a 0-3 scale for insomnia symptoms.”
Providing immediate digital mental health interventions and psychotrauma support during political crises
Javakhishvili, J. D., Makhashvili, N., Winkler, P., Votruba, N., & van Voren, R. (2023) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00120-7 · Cited by 13
Exploring the joint potential of inflammation, immunity, and receptor-based biomarkers for evaluating ME/CFS progression
Berķis, U., Svirskis, Š., Krūmiņa, A., Grāvelsiņa, S., Vilmane, A., Arāja, D., Nora-Krūkle, Z., & Murovska, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294758 · Cited by 8
Salivary Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Cortisol Associated with Psychological Alterations in University Students
Ballestar‐Tarín, M. L., Valle, V. I.-D., Mafla-España, M. A., Navarro-Martínez, R., & Cauli, O. (2024) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics14040447 · Cited by 11
“This scale was developed by Soldados et al. [39] to evaluate insomnia according to ICD-10 criteria.”
MethodResult
The prevalence of long COVID-19 syndrome in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia
Petrakis, V., Rafailidis, P. I., Terzi, I., Dragoumani, I., Markatou, F., Παπάνας, Ν., Vradelis, S., Gouveri, E., Panopoulou, M. I., Papazoglou, D., et al. (2024) · Infezioni in Medicina · doi:10.53854/liim-3202-8 · Cited by 8
Cross-cultural validation of the Jenkins Sleep Scale in Spanish-speaking countries
Palao-Loayza, L., Yupanqui-Lorenzo, D. E., Arauco-Lozada, T., Caycho‐Rodríguez, T., Ortiz, H. D. S., Lobos-Rivera, M. E., Sernaqué, M. A. C., Joo, L. A. P., Capurro, V. M. P., Cárcamo-Zepeda, E., et al. (2024) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053241261349 · Cited by 8
“…(Johns, 1994), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) (Lichstein et al., 1997), Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) (Yi et al., 2006), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) (Soldatos et al., 2000), Adolescent Insomnia Questionnaire (AIQ) (Bromberg et al., 2020), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (Buysse et al.,…”
Social support and sleep quality in people with schizophrenia living in the community: the mediating roles of anxiety and depression symptoms
Liu, X., Li, C., Chen, X., Tian, F., Liu, J., Liu, Y., Liu, X., Yin, X., Wu, X., Zuo, C., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1414868 · Cited by 8
“The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) is used to record the severity of insomnia among all participants (42).”
Development and validation of a nomogram to estimate fatigue probability in hemodialysis patients
Qiao, X., Zhan, Y., Li, L., & Cui, R. (2024) · Renal Failure · doi:10.1080/0886022x.2024.2396460 · Cited by 8
“…by evaluating various aspects, such as time taken to fall asleep, frequency of night awakenings, overall sleep quality, and total sleep duration [28]. the scale consists of eight questions, reflecting the individual has slept in the past month. if the total score is 7 or more, insomnia is…”
Comparative efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicines for primary insomnia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of 109 randomized trials
Ma, N., Pan, B., Yang, S.-H., Lai, H., Ning, J., Li, Y., Liu, J., Huang, J., Yan, M., Hou, L., et al. (2024) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2024.119254 · Cited by 8
Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Interventions to Improve Sleep in People with Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Crowley, P., O’Donovan, M. R., Leahy, P., Flanagan, E., & Ó’Caoimh, R. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph22060956 · Cited by 10
“…in another trial involving 75 nursing home residents [148], a mindfulness intervention comprising eight weekly sessions of mindfulness practice produced significant improvements in subjective sleep quality using the PSQI, the Athens Insomnia Scale [149], and the Insomnia Severity Index [150].”
Trauma‐Related Context Increases Sleep Disturbances in People with Acute Stress Disorder Symptoms
Grossman, E. S., Hoffman, Y. S. G., & Shrira, A. (2016) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2679 · Cited by 10
Factors associated with depressive symptoms in blue-collar and white-collar male workers
Kawasaki, Y., Nishitani, N., & Sakakibara, H. (2015) · SANGYO EISEIGAKU ZASSHI · doi:10.1539/sangyoeisei.b14011 · Cited by 8
Insomnia identity and its correlates in adolescents
Chung, K., Yeung, W., & Ho, F. Y. (2019) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-019-01913-4 · Cited by 7
Mental Health of the Participants of the Third Age University Program: A Cross-Sectional Study
Cybulski, M., Cybulski, Ł., Cwalina, U., Kowalczuk, K., & Krajewska-Kułak, E. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00656 · Cited by 8
“The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) is a short self-report scale with eight statements about various manifestations of insomnia, quantified based on ICD-10 criteria (23, 24).”
Method
Effect of temporary housing on incidence of diabetes mellitus in survivors of a tsunami-stricken area in 2011 Japan disaster: a serial cross-sectional RIAS study
Takahashi, S., Tanno, K., Yonekura, Y., Shimoda, H., Sasaki, R., Sakata, K., Ogawa, A., & Kobayashi, S. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-71759-4 · Cited by 8
Integration of various scales for measurement of insomnia
Chakrabartty, S. N. (2021) · Research Methods in Medicine & Health Sciences · doi:10.1177/26320843211010044 · Cited by 8
Maternal Executive Functioning, Emotional Availability and Psychological Distress During Toddlerhood: A FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study
Nordenswan, E., Deater-Deckard, K. D., Karrasch, M., Laine, M., Kataja, E., Holmberg, E., Eskola, E., Hakanen, H., Karlsson, H., Karlsson, L., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.735734 · Cited by 8
Associations Between Self-Reported Sleep Disturbances and Cognitive Impairment: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Sun, L., Li, K., Zhang, L., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s347658 · Cited by 8
“Insomnia We used the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) to evaluate participants’ insomnia status in this study.(24) The Chinese version of this scale was also proved to be a reliable and valid instrument.”
Method
Volunteer participation differentially moderates the association between insomnia and poor subjective well-being in community-dwelling older adults: the Yilan study, Taiwan
Wang, Y., Hsu, N., Lin, Y.-H., Chang, H., Chou, P., & Chen, H. (2022) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-022-03004-8 · Cited by 8
15-Month Health Outcomes and the Related Risk Factors of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients From Onset: A Cohort Study
Sun, L., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Pan, X., Luo, J., Liu, H., Jiang, Y.-R., Zhuang, X., Lin, L. H., Li, G., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.854788 · Cited by 14
“Psychological conditions were measured using various scales: the GAD-7 anxiety scale (0–4 points for no anxiety disorder, 5– 9 points for mild anxiety, 10–14 points for moderate anxiety, and 15–21 points for severe anxiety) (11), the PHQ-9 depression scale (0–4 points for no depression, 5–9 points for mild depression,…”
Method
Association of Personality with Cognitive Failure among Japanese Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Iwasa, H., Yoshida, Y., Ishioka, Y., & Suzukamo, Y. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19127215 · Cited by 7
Risk factors for mental health in general population during SARS-COV2 pandemic: a systematic review
Biondi, F., Liparoti, M., Lacetera, A., Sorrentino, P., & Minino, R. (2022) · Middle East Current Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s43045-022-00251-8 · Cited by 9
“[31], by using the Athen Insomnia Scale (AIS) [44] (the Greek version of the ISI scale) also underlined significantly higher scores in women.”
MethodInfluential
Relation between symptoms of insomnia, depression, sleep quality, anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy and disrupted circadian clock genes’ expression in inflammatory bowel disease
Sochal, M., Binienda, A., Ditmer, M., Małecka-Wojciesko, E., Białasiewicz, P., Fichna, J., Talar‐Wojnarowska, R., & Gabryelska, A. (2023) · Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnętrznej · doi:10.20452/pamw.16487 · Cited by 9
Insomnia and anxiety among COVID-19 patients in China: the chain mediating effect of psychological capital and self-esteem
Du, J., Wu, C., Zheng, W., Cui, S.-N., Li, L., Liu, Z., Gao, L., Heng, C., & Lang, H. (2024) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-023-01563-8 · Cited by 8
“The AIS developed by Hamiltony in 1959 was applied in this study [43].”
Method
Validation of the Insomnia in the Elderly Scale for the detection of insomnia in older adults
Bravo, B. N., Hidalgo, J. D. L.-T., Pretel, F. A., Latorre, J. M., Montes, M. J., & Martínez, I. P. (2012) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/j.1447-0594.2012.00958.x · Cited by 8
THE ROLE OF MELATONIN IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE UNDERGOING HAEMODIALYSIS
Aperis, G., Prakash, P., Paliouras, C., Papakonstantinou, N. A., & Alivanis, P. (2012) · Journal of Renal Care · doi:10.1111/j.1755-6686.2012.00267.x · Cited by 8
Fibromyalgia as a Disorder Related to Distress and its Therapeutic Implications
Schweinhardt, P., Fitzcharles, M., Boomershine, C. S., Vierck, C. J., & Yunus, M. B. (2012) · Pain Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2012/950602 · Cited by 8
Influence of Daytime or Nighttime Dosing with Solifenacin for Overactive Bladder with Nocturia: Impact on Nocturia and Sleep Quality
Kwon, T., Oh, T. H., Choi, S., Cho, W. Y., Min, K. S., Lee, J. Z., & Moon, K. H. (2017) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2017.32.9.1491 · Cited by 8
“Each item on the AIS can be rated from 0 (no problem at all) to 3 (very se rious problem) (22).”
Background
Stress and Disease Onset in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis
Golemati, C., Mavragani, C. P., Lionaki, S., Karaiskos, D., & Moutsopoulos, H. Μ. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00286 · Cited by 8
“Soldatos CR, Dikeos DG, Paparrigopoulos TJ. Athens Insomnia Scale: validation of an instrument based on ICD-10 criteria.”
BackgroundInfluential
Association of sleep sufficiency and duration with chronic pain prevalence: A population-based cross-sectional study
Yamada, K., Kubota, Y., Shimizu, Y., Shibata, M., & Morotomi, N. (2019) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.03.005 · Cited by 8
Association between continued residence in temporary prefabricated housing and musculoskeletal pain in survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake: a longitudinal study
Sogi, Y., Yabe, Y., Hagiwara, Y., Sekiguchi, T., Sugawara, Y., Tsuchiya, M., Koide, M., Itaya, N., Yoshida, S., Yano, T., et al. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030761 · Cited by 8
“Higher psychological distress was defined as a score ≥10 points in the K6.”
BackgroundInfluential
Episodic Breathlessness with and without Background Dyspnea in Advanced Cancer Patients Admitted to an Acute Supportive Care Unit
Mercadante, S., Adile, C., Ferrera, P., Bonanno, G., Restivo, V., & Casuccio, A. (2020) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers12082102 · Cited by 8
“It consists of eight items: the first five items pertain to sleep induction, awakenings during the night, final awakening, total sleep duration and sleep quality; while the last three refer to well-being, functioning capacity and sleepiness during the day [16].”
Background
Psychological factors affecting Marfan syndrome patients with or without cardiac surgery
Pólos, M., Benke, K., Ágg, B., Stengl, R., Szabó, A., Nagy, Á., Ruskó, B., Hedberg, J., Radovits, T., Susánszky, É., et al. (2020) · Annals of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.21037/apm-20-546 · Cited by 7
“The cut-off score of the AIS-5 is ≥4, which signifies potential insomnia (18-20) (Cronbach α=0.”
Background
A scoping review to identify process and outcome measures used in acceptance and commitment therapy research, with adults with acquired neurological conditions.
Foote, H., Bowen, A., Cotterill, S., Hill, G., Pieri, M., & Patchwood, E. (2023) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/02692155221144554 · Cited by 7
Utilizing Real-Time Heart Rate Variability during Psychological Intervention Program for Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Case Study
Im, B., Keum, J., Kim, T., Lee, K.-I., & Koo, K.-I. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app14010004 · Cited by 9
Insomnia symptoms and related factors in a community-based population: The Yamagata Cohort study
Suzuki, M., Suzuki, N., Sakurada, K., Tsuchiya, N., Ueno, Y., & Konta, T. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28228 · Cited by 10
“The AIS questions included eight items: time to fall asleep, mid-afternoon awakenings, early morning awakenings, sleep duration, sleep quality, daytime mood, physical and mental activities during the day, and daytime sleepiness [16].”
Background
Cortical Hyperperfusion on MRI Arterial Spin-Labeling during the Interictal Period of Patients with Migraine Headache
Shimoda, M., Hoshikawa, K., Oda, S., Imai, M., Osada, T., Aoki, R., Sunaga, A., & Shinohara, C. (2024) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a8208 · Cited by 7
Correlation of Specific Inflammatory Markers With the Occurrence of Depression in Patients With Psoriasis and Their Use as Biomarkers for the Diagnosis Of Depression
Μήτσιου, Ε., Kyriakou, A. E., Parlapani, E., Trigoni, A., Trakatelli, M. G., Apalla, Z., Sotiriadis, D., Lazaridou, E., & Patsatsi, A. (2024) · Dermatology Practical & Conceptual · doi:10.5826/dpc.1402a104 · Cited by 7
“There are studies that report that inflammation markers are affected by sleep quality [40,41,42,7,].”
Background
Examining Anxiety and Insomnia in Internship Students and Their Association with Internet Gaming Disorder
Alshammari, T. K., Rogowska, A. M., Alobaid, A. M., Alharthi, N. W., Albaker, A. B., & Alshammari, M. A. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13144054 · Cited by 7
“The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) is an 8-item questionnaire developed to assess insomnia, demonstrating strong consistency, reliability, and validity [59].”
Background
Effects of long‐term desmopressin treatment for nocturia in older people
Kurose, H., Ueda, K., Chikui, K., Uemura, K., Nishihara, K., Nakiri, M., Suekane, S., & Igawa, T. (2024) · International Journal of Urology · doi:10.1111/iju.15530 · Cited by 7
“20,21 In a previous study, we reported that the change in HUS after 12 weeks of desmopressin administration compared with baseline was positively correlated with the change in AIS score compared with baseline.”
Sleep Quality and Bariatric Surgery—Can We Treat Sleep Disturbances and Insomnia in Patients with Obesity with Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy?
Wyszomirski, K., Ślubowska, A., Dębski, J., Skibiak, K., Przybyłowski, J., Czerwińska, M., Walędziak, M. S., & Różańska-Walędziak, A. M. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13164820 · Cited by 7
“The AIS is a questionnaire based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision criteria designed for quantitative measurement of the severity of insomnia that includes 8 questions [17].”
Method
Association between post-stroke depression and post-stroke sleep disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Zhang, X., Huang, L., Zhang, J., Li, L., & An, X. (2024) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-024-03200-3 · Cited by 7
“Good psychometric properties were demonstrated by the AIS, a self-assessment scale created to evaluate sleep in the previous month based on the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for insomnia [42], but the AIS scale was significantly influenced by the patient's subjective feelings, resulting in bias [43].”
The mediating role of rumination in the relationship between insomnia and non-suicidal self-injury of college students
Wang, H., & Sun, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1504890 · Cited by 9
Current status and influencing factors of sleep-related worry among nurses in the department of anesthesiology: a cross-sectional study
Yang, C., Cheng, J., Xiao, L., Tian, J., Zhang, D., & Ren, J. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-02833-3 · Cited by 7
“Athens Insomnia Scale The athens insomnia of anes-thesiology nurses was measured through the athens insomnia scale, which was compiled by Dan Sedmark [38], had a Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.”
The relationship between sleep quality and resilience among intensive care unit nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Malewska, A., Serafin, L. I., & Czarkowska‐Pączek, B. (2025) · Nursing in Critical Care · doi:10.1111/nicc.70010 · Cited by 9
Autoantibodies against endothelial protein C receptor and integrin αvβ6 predict the development of ulcerative colitis
Sawahashi, M., Kakuta, Y., Naito, T., Okazaki, S., Ohneda, K., Orui, M., Obara, T., Ogishima, S., Kumada, K., Kudo, H., et al. (2025) · Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s00535-025-02263-7 · Cited by 7
“For lifestyle factors, we evaluated body mass index, smoking history, drinking history, history of keeping pets (dogs and cats), family history of IBD, exercise habits, and Athens insomnia scale (AIS) [20], Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression [21], and K-6 questionnaire scores [22].”
The Relationship Between Problematic TikTok Use and Depression in University Students: The Mediating Role of Insomnia
Rogowska, A. M., & Lechowicz, O. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14134652 · Cited by 15
“The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS-8) is an 8-item tool to measure insomnia symptoms based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) criteria [79,80].”
Remission, treatment response, and treatment adherence across the delivery methods of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Takano, Y., Okajima, I., Osao, M., Ibata, R., Machida, N., Higami, K., Takagi, S., & Inoue, Y. (2025) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102204 · Cited by 9
Trends and socioeconomic inequities in insomnia-related symptoms among Japanese adults from 1995 to 2013
Otsuka, Y., Takeshima, O., Itani, O., Kaneko, Y., Suzuki, M., Matsumoto, Y., & Kaneita, Y. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.056 · Cited by 7
Investigation of exacerbating factors for postpartum hair loss: a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study
Hirose, A., Terauchi, M., Odai, T., Fudono, A., Tsurane, K., Sekiguchi, M., Iwata, M., Anzai, T., Takahashi, K., & Miyasaka, N. (2023) · International Journal of Women’s Dermatology · doi:10.1097/jw9.0000000000000084 · Cited by 7
Behavioural Parameters of Circadian Rhythm Are Not Correlated with Dim Light Melatonin Onset: An Observational Study on Healthy Volunteers
Dermanowski, M. M., Wichniak, A., Hejduk, A., Kuczyńska, J., Dominiak, M., & Mierzejewski, P. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12247757 · Cited by 7
“Each participant was asked to complete the following clinical scales: the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) [27,28], Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) [29], Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) [30], and chronotype questionnaires: the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) [31,32] and the Composite Scale of…”
Method
Sleep Patterns and Associated Insomnia in Junior and Senior Medical Students: A Questionnaire-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Alshehri, G. D., Almahmoudi, A., Alsaif, A. A., Shalabi, B., Fatani, H. Z., Aljassas, F. H., Alsulami, D. W., Alhejaili, F. F., & Zawawi, F. (2024) · International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.1055/s-0043-1776731 · Cited by 7
Depressive symptoms, sleep-wake features, and insomnia among female students: The role of rumination
Zhang, X., Wang, F., Zou, L., & Lee, S. (2024) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053241258252 · Cited by 7
“Cronbach’s alpha for the original scale was approximately 0.90 (Soldatos et al., 2000), while the translated Chinese version was 0.70 (Lin and Yang, 2019).”
Influential
The Relationships of Specific Cognitive Control Abilities with Objective and Subjective Sleep Parameters in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Revealing the Association between Cognitive Planning and Sleep Duration
Batzikosta, A., Μoraitou, D., Steiropoulos, P., Παπαντωνίου, Γ., Kougioumtzis, G. Α., Katsouri, I.-G., Sofologi, M., & Tsolaki, M. (2024) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14080813 · Cited by 8
“%) for diagnosing insomnia, with a total score of 6 or higher being the optimal cutoff for identifying cases [35].”
Background
Closed-Loop Auditory Stimulation (CLAS) During Sleep Augments Language and Discovery Learning
Clark, V. P., Valverde, H. P., Briggs, M. S., Mullins, T. S., Ortiz, J., Pirrung, C. J. H., O’Keeffe, O. S., Hwang, M., Crowley, S., Šarlija, M., et al. (2024) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14111138 · Cited by 7
“…and fatigue were assessed using the Owl Lark Self-Test [15], Fatigue Severity Scale [16], Epworth Sleepiness scale [17], Athens Insomnia scale [18], Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [19], and Stanford Sleepiness scale [20] All visits included the Karolinska Sleep Diary questionnaire [21] for…”
Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Patterns in Urban Greek Couples
Lee, K. A., Beyene, Y., Paparrigopoulos, T. J., Dikeos, D. G., & Soldatos, C. R. (2007) · Biological Research For Nursing · doi:10.1177/1099800407303742 · Cited by 7
“Because it was developed and tested in a Greek sample, the AIS was selected over other potential insomnia measures (Soldatos et al., 2000).”
A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang granule in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Wang, Y., Liu, Y., Xi, Z., Yu, Y., Liu, L., Mao, J., Xiao, L., Gu, X., Yao, M., Cui, X., et al. (2019) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000014888 · Cited by 7
Sleep Disorders and Restless Legs Syndrome in Hemodialysis Patients in Greece: A Cross-Sectional Study
Stergiannis, P. I., Govari, M., Jahaj, E., Marvaki, C., Toulia, G., Marvaki, K., Chasioti, G., & Intas, G. (2020) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32633-3_21 · Cited by 7
Exploding Head Syndrome Accompanied by Repeating Panic Attacks: A Case Report
Kaneko, Y., Kawae, A., Saitoh, K., Gon, Y., Uchiyama, M., & Suzuki, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.613420 · Cited by 7
“She did show symptoms of insomnia, especially poor subjective sleep quality, based on the Japanese version of the Athens Insomnia Scale (3), with a score of 10 points [range: 0–24 points, a cutoff score ≥8 indicates insomnia (4)].”
Method
Coronavirus anxiety as a predictor of burnout, depressive symptoms and insomnia among professionally active nurses: a preliminary report
Mokros, Ł., Januszczak, J., Baka, Ł., Sienkiewicz‐Jarosz, H., & Świtaj, P. (2021) · Postępy Psychiatrii i Neurologii · doi:10.5114/ppn.2021.108473 · Cited by 7
Do Brief Mindfulness Interventions (BMI) and Health Enhancement Programs (HEP) Improve Sleep in Patients in Hemodialysis with Depression and Anxiety?
Lavín, P., Nazar, R., Nassim, M., Noble, H. R., Solomonova, E., Dikaios, E., Novák, M., Mucsi, I., Trinh, E., Potes, A., et al. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare9111410 · Cited by 8
“The primary outcome measure was sleep quality measured by the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS-8) [21] at baseline and 8-week follow-up.”
Method
Comprehensive geriatric assessment in primary care practices: a multi-centered, cross-sectional study in Krakow, Poland.
Pachołek, A., Krotos, A., Drwiła, D., Kalarus, Z. F., Piotrowicz, K., Gąsowski, J., & Tomasik, T. (2020) · PubMed Central · Cited by 7
Changes in sleep behavior, sleep problems, and psychological distress/health-related quality of life of young Japanese individuals before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Tanioka, K., Kayaba, M., Tomishima, S., Komada, Y., & Inoue, Y. (2022) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2022.2034839 · Cited by 8
“The response options range from 0 to 3 for a total score range of 0–24 points (Soldatos et al. 2000).”
Background
Exploring the association between sleep insufficiency and self-reported cardiovascular disease among northeastern Greeks
Fountoulakis, P. N., Terzoudi, A., Tsiptsios, D., Triantafyllis, A. S., Matziridis, A., Leontidou, E., Manolis, A., Tsamakis, K., Ouranidis, A., Steiropoulos, P., et al. (2022) · Sleep Science · doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20220069 · Cited by 7
“According to the Greek versions of Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), Athens insomnia scale (AIS), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and Berlin questionnaire (BQ) the prevalence of daytime sleepiness was 8.7% (83 subjects), insomnia 18.0% (172 subjects), poor sleep quality 38.5% (368 subjects) and high risk of obstru…”
MethodInfluential
Comparison of Frailty Criteria, Cognitive Function, Depressive and Insomnia Symptoms in Men with Localized and Advanced Prostate Cancer under Androgen Deprivation Therapy
Mafla-España, M. A., Torregrosa, M. D., Beamud-Cortés, M., Bermell-Marco, L., Rubio‐Briones, J., & Cauli, O. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11091266 · Cited by 7
“in 2000 [36] and validated in Spanish by Gómez-Benito et al.”
Method
Effectiveness of the leukotriene receptor antagonist pranlukast hydrate for the treatment of sleep disorder in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis
Hara, H., Sugahara, K., Hashimoto, M., Mikuriya, T., Tahara, S., & Yamashita, H. (2014) · Acta Oto-Laryngologica · doi:10.3109/00016489.2013.861926 · Cited by 7
“To evaluate nasal symptoms and sleep quality, we compared patient responses before and after drug administration by using a questionnaire prepared in accordance with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) [9] and Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) [10] (Figures 1 and 2).”
Method
Development of a scale to assess the diurnal impact of insomnia
Ruiz, C., Guilera, G., & Gómez‐Benito, J. (2011) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.05.015 · Cited by 7
“For instance, the test–retest reliability of the ESS in a sample ofmedical students was similarly high (α=0.82) (Johns, 1992), while that of the AIS-8was even higher (α=0.89) (Soldatos et al., 2000).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Reduced insomnia following short-term administration of suvorexant during aripiprazole once-monthly treatment in a patient with schizophrenia
Suzuki, H., Hibino, H., Inoue, Y., Mikami, A. S., Matsumoto, H., & Mikami, K. (2017) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2017.05.007 · Cited by 7
“Insomnia was assessed using the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) (Soldatos et al., 2000).”
Method
Maternal car driving capacity after birth: a pilot prospective study randomizing postnatal women to early verses late driving in a driving simulator
Harpham, M. E., Nassar, N., Leung, S., Lainchbury, A., & Shand, A. (2018) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2018.1519537 · Cited by 7
“Postnatal depression screening with the Edinburgh Depression Scale [12] and sleep and fatigue assessment was performed with The Athens Insomnia Scale [13] and visual analog scales.”
Method
Validity and Reliability of the Spanish Version of the Pregnancy-Related Thoughts Scale
Oliva-Pérez, J., Cabrero‐García, J., Cabañero‐Martínez, M. J., Richart‐Martínez, M., & Oliver‐Roig, A. (2019) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jogn.2019.07.006 · Cited by 7
Preceding Poor Physical Function Is Associated with New-Onset Musculoskeletal Pain among Older Natural Disaster Survivors: A Longitudinal Study after the Great East Japan Earthquake
Yabe, Y., Hagiwara, Y., Sekiguchi, T., Sugawara, Y., Tsuchiya, M., Yoshida, S., Sogi, Y., Yano, T., Onoki, T., Takahashi, T., et al. (2020) · The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1620/tjem.251.19 · Cited by 7
Validation of Oximetry for Diagnosing Obstructive Sleep Apnea in a Clinical Setting
Ito, K., Uetsu, M., & Kadotani, H. (2020) · Clocks & Sleep · doi:10.3390/clockssleep2030027 · Cited by 7
“1 BMI: body mass index; 2 ESS: Epworth sleepiness scale; 3 AIS: Athens insomnia scale; 4 PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; 5 REI: respiratory event index; 6 AHI: apnea-hypopnea index.”
MethodInfluential
Depressive Disorders and Sleeping Disturbances—Surveys Study of 923 Participants on the Pol’and’Rock Festival, Kostrzyn, Poland 2019
Kałduńska, J., Skonieczna‐Żydecka, K., Ryterská, K., Palma, J., Żwierełło, W., Maciejewska, D., Czerwińska-Rogowska, M., Wolska, A., Stachowska, Z., Budawski, R., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17218092 · Cited by 7
“The 0–3 score scale corresponds to the severity of symptoms that occur at least 3 times a week in the last month [26].”
Background
A 5-year Longitudinal Study of Low Back Pain in Survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake
Yabe, Y., Hagiwara, Y., Sekiguchi, T., Sugawara, Y., Tsuchiya, M., Yoshida, S., Sogi, Y., Onoki, T., Suzuki, K., Takahashi, T., et al. (2020) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000003860 · Cited by 7
Insomnia partially mediates the relationship between pathological personality traits and depression: a case-control study
Chen, F., Lin, X., Pan, Y., Zeng, X., Zhang, S., Hu, H., Yu, M., & Wu, J. (2021) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.11061 · Cited by 7
The Influence of Religiosity and Risk Taking on Cybersex Engagement among Postgraduate Students: A Study in Malaysian Universities
Ghoroghi, S., Hassan, S. A., & Ayub, A. F. M. (2016) · International Journal of Social Science and Humanity · doi:10.18178/ijssh.2017.v7.810 · Cited by 7
Association of wood use in bedrooms with comfort and sleep among workers in Japan: a cross-sectional analysis of the SLeep Epidemiology Project at the University of Tsukuba (SLEPT) study
Morita, E., Yanagisawa, M., Ishihara, A., Matsumoto, S., Suzuki, C., Ikeda, Y., Ishitsuka, M., Hori, D., Doki, S., Oi, Y., et al. (2020) · Journal of Wood Science · doi:10.1186/s10086-020-1852-y · Cited by 8
“AIS consists of eight items; for example, one of the eight items is awakenings during the night, which can be graded as 0: no problem, 1: minor problem, 2: considerable problem, or 3: serious problem or did not sleep at all [14].”
New assessment tools that measure sleep vital signs: the SleepMed Insomnia Index and the Sleep Matrix
Bogan, R., & Turner, J. A. (2007) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.a923 · Cited by 7
“The Athens Insomnia Scale is an 8-item scale that evaluates the severity of insomnia as well as its impact on daytime well being and functional capacity (Soldatos 2000).”
White Blood Cell Count and Sleep Difficulty Examined by the Athens Insomnia Scale in Shift Workers~!2010-01-07~!2010-02-04~!2010-03-16~!
Nishitani, N., & Sakakibara, H. (2010) · The Open Sleep Journal · doi:10.2174/1874620901003010001 · Cited by 7
“Quality of sleep was examined by the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) [17], an insomnia scale used internationally.”
BackgroundMethod
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Psychological Distress Among Nurses in public Hospitals, Southwest, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study DesignPreprint
Belay, A. S., Guangul, M. M., & Asmare, W. N. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-48073/v1 · Cited by 7
“The total score greater than or equals to 6 indicates insomnia [36, 37].”
Background
Demographic predictors of bedtime procrastination in the Japanese population
Miyagawa, S., Sato, T., & Maeda, S. (2024) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1007/s41105-023-00508-7 · Cited by 9
“The Athens Insomnia Scale [29] was used to evaluate sleep quality at least three times a week during the past month.”
Method
Psychosocial Factors and Andropause Symptoms Among Japanese Men: An Internet-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Tanji, F., Nanbu, H., Nishimoto, D., & Kawajiri, M. (2025) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/15579883241312836 · Cited by 7
Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia (CBT‐I) in Individuals With Neurodevelopmental Conditions: A Systematic Review
Cullen, M., McCrory, S., Hooman, G., Coyle, M., & Fleming, L. (2025) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.70058 · Cited by 5

Authors: Soldatos, C. R., Dikeos, D. G., & Paparrigopoulos, T. J.
Affiliations: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
Corresponding author: Soldatos, Constantin R
ORCID: Soldatos, Constantin R
Dikeos, Dimitris G
Paparrigopoulos, Thomas J
Venue: Journal of Psychosomatic Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2000-06
Volume: 48
Issue: 6
Pages: 555-560
ISSN: 0022-3999 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3999(00)00095-7
OpenAlex: W2021553431
Cited by: 1,754
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 196 · 2025: 187 · 2024: 194 · 2023: 184 · 2022: 155 · 2021: 174 · 2020: 110 · 2019: 89 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 39
FWCI: 5.96
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Psychosomatic Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: Athens Insomnia Scale, insomnia, sleep disorders, ICD-10 diagnostic criteria, self-report questionnaire, psychometric validation, sleep induction, nocturnal awakenings, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, psychiatric patients, short-form scale
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Inventory, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Comorbidity

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Athens Insomnia Scale: validation of an instrument based on ICD-10 criteria

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks