The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Stress management
Abstract
Stress management (SM) is a widely used term with a seemingly obvious meaning. The research literature contains many studies evaluating its effectiveness, but it is not clear how many different forms of SM exist and how efficacious they are for which target problem. One hundred and fifty-three studies on SM were analyzed to determine consensus in definitions and therapy protocols. Results showed that a typical delivery format exists (mostly group form, 8-10 sessions in length and multitechnique), but the number of techniques used was very large, techniques were inconsistently labeled are often poorly described. It is concluded that in outcome research, the term "stress management" is operationally defined with such variability that comparisons of SM outcome studies are not meaningful at this time.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
For structured programs based on CBT, the effect is clearly greater (d=1).
“For structured programs based on CBT, the effect is clearly greater (d=1) [9].”
From Efficacy of Seren@ctif, a computer-based stress management program for patients with adjustment disorder with anxiety: Protocol for a controlled trial (2017) · cites this paper as [9]
Citations
Cites
Writing meta-analytic reviews.
Rosenthal, R. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.118.2.183 · Cited by 1,108
Mediators of change in emotion-focused and problem-focused worksite stress management interventions
Bond, F. W., & Bunce, D. (2000) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/1076-8998.5.1.156 · Cited by 607
Progressive Relaxation Training: A Manual for the Helping Professions
Bernstein, D. A., & Borkovec, T. D. (1973) · Cited by 578
Progressive relaxation training. A manual for the helping professions
Raw, M. (1974) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(74)90018-7 · Cited by 407
The Relaxation & Stress Reduction Workbook
Davis, M., Eshelman, E. R., & McKay, M. P. (1985) · Cited by 325
Ehlers, A., Stangier, U., & Gieler, U. (1995) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.63.4.624 · Cited by 306
The Relaxation and Stress Reduction Workbook
Awad, A. (2014) · Cited by 237
Ehlers, A., Stangier, U., & Gieler, U. (1995) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.63.4.624 · Cited by 231
′Managing′ Stress: Emotion and Power at Work
Newton, T., Handy, J. A., & Fineman, S. (1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 185
Effects of stress management on clinical outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis
Parker, J. C., Smarr, K. L., Buckelew, S. P., Stucky‐Ropp, R. C., Hewett, J. E., Johnson, J. C., Wright, G. E., Irvin, W. S., & Walker, S. E. (1995) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780381214 · Cited by 181
Individualized Stress Management for Primary Hypertension
von der Linden, W., Lenz, J. W., & Con, A. H. (2001) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.161.8.1071 · Cited by 97
Self-citationDas autogene Training : konzentrative Selbstentspannung
Schultz, J. H. (1966) · Thieme eBooks · Cited by 61
Das Autogene Training (Konzentrative Selbstentspannung)
Weissman, M. (1955) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.111.8.634 · Cited by 60
Rutledge, J. C., Hyson, D. A., Garduno, D., Cort, D. A., Paumer, L., & Kappagoda, C. T. (1999) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/00008483-199907000-00003 · Cited by 59
Stress management for patients with heart disease: A pilot study
Turner, L., Linden, W., Wal, R. V. D., & Schamberger, W. (1995) · Heart & Lung · doi:10.1016/s0147-9563(05)80009-3 · Cited by 27
Self-citationChronic Pain Management in a Health Maintenance Organization
McCarberg, B. H., & Wolf, J. (1999) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-199903000-00008 · Cited by 22
Therapy outcome research, health care policy, and the continuing lack of accumulated knowledge.
Linden, W., & Wen, F. K. (1990) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037//0735-7028.21.6.482 · Cited by 12
Self-citationTherapy outcome research, health care policy, and the continuing lack of accumulated knowledge.
Linden, W., & Wen, F. K. (1990) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/0735-7028.21.6.482 · Cited by 8
Self-citationStress Management in a Military Health Promotion Program: Effectiveness and Cost Efficiency
Pruitt, R. H., Bernheim, C., & Tomlinson, J. P. (1991) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/156.2.51 · Cited by 4
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Aboelmaged, M. G. (2014) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2014.05.002 · Cited by 355
New technologies for relaxation: The role of presence.
Villani, D., Riva, F., & Riva, G. (2007) · International Journal of Stress Management · doi:10.1037/1072-5245.14.3.260 · Cited by 129
Amanvermez, Y., Zhao, R., Cuijpers, P., de Wit, L. M., Ebert, D. D., Kessler, R. C., Bruffaerts, R., & Karyotaki, E. (2022) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2022.100503 · Cited by 110
The Efficacy of Behavioral Treatments for Hypertension
Linden, W., & Moseley, J. V. (2006) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-006-9004-8 · Cited by 97
Self-citationChristmann, C. A., Hoffmann, A., & Bleser, G. (2017) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.6471 · Cited by 72
Bragard, I., Razavi, D., Marchal, S., Merckaert, I., Delvaux, N., Libert, Y., Reynaert, C., Boniver, J., Klastersky, J. A., Scalliet, P. G. M., et al. (2006) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-005-0008-3 · Cited by 66
Assessing momentary relaxation using the relaxation state questionnaire (RSQ)
Steghaus, S., & Poth, C. H. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-20524-w · Cited by 44
Umanodan, R., Kobayashi, Y., Nakamura, M., Kitaoka‐Higashiguchi, K., Kawakami, N., & Shimazu, A. (2009) · Journal of Occupational Health · doi:10.1539/joh.l8055 · Cited by 44
Mateus, A. P., Power, D. M., & Canário, A. V. M. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804564-0.00008-9 · Cited by 29
Paganini, S., Meier, E. P., Terhorst, Y., Wurst, R., Hohberg, V., Schultchen, D., Strahler, J., Wursthorn, M., Baumeister, H., & Meßner, E.-M. (2023) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/42415 · Cited by 29
New technologies and relaxation: an explorative study on obese patients with emotional eating
Manzoni, G. M., Gorini, A., Preziosa, A., Pagnini, F., Castelnuovo, G., Molinari, E., & Riva, G. (2008) · Aisberg (University of Bergamo) · Cited by 25
Why you really eat? Virtual reality in the treatment of obese emotional eaters.
Riva, G., Manzoni, M., Villani, D., Gaggioli, A., & Molinari, E. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 24
Moyer, C. A., Dryden, R. T., & Shipwright, B. S. (2009) · International Journal of Therapeutic Massage & Bodywork Research Education & Practice · doi:10.3822/ijtmb.v2i2.51 · Cited by 23
Horn, A., Stangl, S., Parisi, S., Bauer, N., Roll, J., Löffler, C., Gágyor, I., Haas, K., Heuschmann, P. U., Langhorst, J., et al. (2023) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3226 · Cited by 21
Forensic Accounting – the Missing Link in Education and Practice
Mitric, M., Stanković, A., & Lakicevic, A. (2012) · Management Journal of Sustainable Business and Management Solutions in Emerging Economies · doi:10.7595/management.fon.2012.0032 · Cited by 20
Donahue, R. G., Lampert, R. J., Dornelas, E. A., Clemow, L., & Burg, M. M. (2009) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181c932d4 · Cited by 19
Kaveh, M. H., Mehrazin, F., Cousins, R., & Mokarami, H. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-32230-2 · Cited by 18
Nia, H. S., Froelicher, E. S., Hoseinzadeh, E., Kaveh, O., Fatehi, R., & Nowrozi, P. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1402122 · Cited by 16
The Impact of Physical Activity and Lifestyle on Mental Health: A Network Analysis
Martinez, V. M. L., Martins, M. D. S., Capra, F., Schuch, F. B., Wearick‐Silva, L. E., & Feóli, A. M. P. (2024) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2024-0198 · Cited by 20
Stress, psychische Erkrankungen und koronare Herzkrankheit
Lederbogen, F., & Ströhle, A. (2012) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-012-3666-7 · Cited by 16
Amanvermez, Y., Karyotaki, E., Cuijpers, P. J., Čihařová, M., Donker, M. H., Hurks, P. P. M., Salemink, E., Spinhoven, P., Struijs, S. Y., & de Wit, L. M. (2023) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/45725 · Cited by 15
van den Berg, M. K. N., Karahanoğlu, A., Noordzij, M. L., Maeckelberghe, E. L. M., & Ludden, G. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713802 · Cited by 15
Roohafza, H., Sarrafzadegan, N., Sadeghi, M., Talaei, M., Talakar, M., & Mahvash, M. (2012) · PubMed Central · Cited by 9
The role of media in supporting a stress management protocol: An experimental study
Villani, D., & Riva, G. (2008) · Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation · Cited by 9
Servant, D., Rougegrez, L., Barasino, O., Demarty, A.-L., Duhamel, A., & Vaiva, G. (2016) · L'Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2016.03.010 · Cited by 9
Servant, D., Leterme, A.-C., Barasino, O., Rougegrez, L., Duhamel, A., & Vaiva, G. (2017) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.7976 · Cited by 8
Evaluation of a Web-Based Stress Management Application—a Feasibility Study
Eklund, C., Elfström, M. L., Eriksson, Y., & Söderlund, A. (2018) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-018-0044-8 · Cited by 6
Self-regulation and stress management in undergraduate students
Winterbach, L. (2007) · Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University) · Cited by 6
Development of the web application My Stress Control—Integrating theories and existing evidence
Eklund, C., Elfström, M. L., Eriksson, Y., & Söderlund, A. (2018) · Cogent Psychology · doi:10.1080/23311908.2018.1489457 · Cited by 6
[Psychosomatic medicine and arterial hypertension - love it or leave it?].
Hänsel, A., & von Känel, R. (2012) · Therapeutische Umschau. Revue thérapeutique · doi:10.1024/0040-5930/a000291 · Cited by 3
Adjuvant Psychological Therapy for Patients with Chronic Physical Illness
Brown, T. M., & MacHale, S. (2007) · doi:10.1002/9780470713242.ch24 · Cited by 3
Twohig, M. P., & Dehlin, J. P. (2012) · doi:10.1002/9781118470886.ch3 · Cited by 2
Stress Management with Cardiac Patients
Lukens, C. L., Turkoglu, D., & Burg, M. M. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-5650-7_10 · Cited by 1
Szymonik, J., & Szopa, S. (2024) · Journal of Education Health and Sport · doi:10.12775/jehs.2024.63.007 · Cited by 1
Encouraging Health-Promoting Behaviors in Primary Care to Reduce Suicide Rates
Davidson, C. L., Slish, M. L., Rhoades-Kerswill, S., O’Keefe, V. M., & Tucker, R. P. (2018) · Advances in mental health and addiction · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03225-8_8 · Cited by 1
Sklar, E. R. (2012) · Human Biology
Shokoohi–Yekta, M., Zardkhaneh, S. A., & Pooran, F. (2015) · International behavioral sciences/International journal of behavioral sciences
Levin, A. Y. (2011) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0100911
Rougegrez, L., & Servant, D. (2015) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.178
An Occupational Therapy Approach to a Wellness Program for Adolescents with Mental Illness
Silewski, H., & Thompson, C. (2008) · UND Scholarly Commons (University of North Dakota)
The Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Try Out of National Exam to the Level of Anxiety
Fauzi, J. H., Nugraha, E., & Hidayat, Y. (2019) · International Conference on Sport Science, Health, and Physical Education (ICSSHPE) · doi:10.2991/icsshpe-18.2019.8
Stress Management A Study in Covid 19 Era
Sharma, D. A. (2022) · International Journal of Advanced Research in Science Communication and Technology · doi:10.48175/ijarsct-3301
Smith, G. C. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012373947-6.00321-4
The Trait Happiness Facet in Leadership and Education
(2015) · Advances in educational marketing, administration, and leadership book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-8327-3.ch016
(2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-07593-3.50010-6
(2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-71312-5.00012-0
The Stress Management Facet in Leadership and Education
(2015) · Advances in educational marketing, administration, and leadership book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-8327-3.ch011
(2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-77735-6.00014-8
Serapio, S. G., Bowling, S. L., Tennis, A., & Fuerte-Baniqued, D. A. (2024) · Journal for Nurses in Professional Development · doi:10.1097/nnd.0000000000001110
A trauma-informed eclectic approach to psychotherapy in the Indian cultural landscape
Abhyankar, S., & Rani, A. (2025) · Asia Pacific Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/21507686.2025.2589091
Advanced Knowledge Work and Stress-related Symptoms : Epidemiology and Clinical Intervention Studies
Wiholm, C. (2006) · Uppsala University Publications (Uppsala University)
Metadata
- Authors
- Ong, L., Linden, W., & Young, S.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Linden, Wolfgang
- ORCID
- Linden, Wolfgang
- Venue
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-01
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 133-137
- ISSN
- 0022-3999 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1923677330
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 3.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
- York University
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Keywords
- stress management, treatment protocols, group intervention, outcomes research, stress management strategies
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Arousal, Biofeedback, Psychology, Humans, Relaxation Therapy, Stress, Psychological, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review