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A comparison of subjective estimates of sleep with objective polysomnographic data in healthy men and women
Abstract
Twenty healthy men and women had their sleep recorded objectively, using polysomnography on 3 nonconsecutive nights. Following each night, the subjects assessed their sleep onset latency and number of awakenings, subjectively. Self-ratings were compared with objective measures of sleep onset latency (SOL), calculated as the time from lights-out to the first continuous minute of stage 2 sleep, and the number of awakenings which lasted 1 minute or longer on the polysomnograms. Apart from the first night, the subjects overestimated the time that it took them to fall asleep, despite sleep onset being scored as the latency to stage 2, rather than stage 1 sleep. On all 3 nights, the subjects underestimated the number of awakenings when compared to objective criteria. Although the subjects were consistent in their errors of estimation of their sleep compared to polysomnographic assessments over the three nights, the between-individual variation was large, so that objective and subjective ratings of SOL and awakenings were not correlated. The young men and women in our study, who were free of medication or sleep complaints, perceived their sleep inaccurately when compared to objective polysomnographic recordings.
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“However, discrepancies between self-report and objective measures of sleep are common [38–42] and there is a tendency for people with insomnia to overestimate how long it takes them to get to sleep and also to underestimate the total amount of time that they spend asleep, relative to objective measures [43].”
From A structural equation model of the relationship between insomnia, negative affect, and paranoid thinking (2017) · cites this paper as [40]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Baker, F. C., Maloney, S., & Driver, H. S.
- Affiliations
- University of the Witwatersrand (ZA)
- Corresponding author
- Baker, Fiona C
- Venue
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-10
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 335-341
- ISSN
- 0022-3999 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2151158623
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- sleep latency, sleep awakenings, polysomnography, self-assessment accuracy, healthy adults, sex differences, stage 2 sleep
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Individuality, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Reference Values, Self-Assessment, Observer Variation, Polysomnography, Statistics, Nonparametric
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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