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Cited by 178Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and ApplicationsAdvanced MRI Techniques and ApplicationsAcute Ischemic Stroke Management

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Acute and chronic changes of the apparent diffusion coefficient in neurological disorders—biophysical mechanisms and possible underlying histopathology

Gass, A, Niendorf, T, Hirsch, J.G·2001·Journal of the Neurological Sciences
DOI 10.1016/s0022-510x(01)00487-7
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Abstract

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of the brain has become a valuable tool for the reliable detection and diagnosis of several neurological disorders. Although DWI is in wide use in daily practice, the underlying biophysical mechanisms that contribute to changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) are still under discussion. Alterations in the apparent water diffusion rate reflect pathological changes in the brain tissue state, via changes in the diffusion characteristics of the intra- and extra-cellular water compartments including restricted diffusion, water exchange across permeable boundaries, the concept of the extra-cellular tortuosity and the intra- and extra-cellular volume fraction. A reduction of the ADC has been detected in acute neurological diseases, while disease states associated with dominant acute vasogenic edema formation or chronic tissue destruction usually show elevations of the ADC. Compromise of energy metabolism is likely to contribute to a reduction of the ADC while already minor structural disintegration may contribute to elevations of the ADC.

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  • The decreases in MD and FA in post mortem tissue likely reflect several factors, including dehydration of post mortem tissue, lower temperature during post mortem MRI, and breakdown of energy-dependent ion transport mechanisms resulting in net influx of water into cells, reducing extracellular space.

    “These decreases likely reflect several factors, including dehydration of post mortem tissue, the lower temperature during post mortem MRI, and the breakdown of energy-dependent ion transport mechanisms resulting in a net influx of water into cells—thereby reducing the extra-cellular space”

    From Diffusion tensor imaging of post mortem multiple sclerosis brain (2007) · cites this paper as Gass et al., 2001

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Metadata

Authors
Gass, A., Niendorf, T., & Hirsch, J. G.
Affiliations
Heidelberg University (DE)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of the Neurological Sciences
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2001-05
Volume
186
Pages
S15-S23
ISSN
0022-510X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0022-510x(01)00487-7
OpenAlex
W2069098060
Cited by
178
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 14
FWCI
1.05
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of the Neurological Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • MDC Repository (Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Keywords
apparent diffusion coefficient, diffusion-weighted imaging, neurological disorders, restricted diffusion, acute neurological disease, vasogenic edema, brain energy metabolism, histopathology
MeSH terms
Acute Disease, Animals, Biophysics, Brain, Chronic Disease, Diffusion, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Nervous System Diseases, Biophysical Phenomena

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