Nitric oxide and inflammatory arthritides
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), first identified as endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), is a free radical synthesized from L-arginine by NO synthases (NOS). NO plays vital roles in biological responses, including regulation of vascular tone, neurotransmission, anti-viral defense and immune response. There are two isoforms in NOS; constitutive NOS (cNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS). Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1(IL-1), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induce iNOS expression in various cells including macrophages. NO production is increased in inflammatory arthritides both in rodent models and human. Enhanced NO production is observed in various compartment in vivo but inflammatory synovium and cartilage are the major source of NO. The onset of arthritis in rodent models is successfully blocked by the NOS inhibitor, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). These data suggest a possible involvement of NO in the pathogenesis and tissue destruction in arthritis, and the significance of up-regulated NO production is discussed.
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Nitric oxide can exert toxicity by generating peroxynitrite anion after reacting with superoxide anion radical.
“However this reactive species can also exerts its toxicity by generating the peroxynitrite anion after reacting with the superoxide anion radical [22,23,24,25].”
From Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oils: A Short Review (2010) · cites this paper as [25]
Nitric oxide is produced in large quantities by inducible nitric oxide synthase in activated macrophages and neutrophils during defence and immunological reactions.
“Nitric oxide is produced in large quantities by the inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) in activated macrophages and neutrophils during defence and immunological reactions.”
From Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oils: A Short Review (2010) · cites this paper as [25]
During an inflammatory process, reactive nitrogen species such as nitric oxide and peroxynitrite anion are generated.
“Nevertheless and during an inflammatory process, there is also the generation of other free radicals named RNS (reactive nitrogen species). Nitric oxide (•NO) and peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-) are two examples of this sort of radicals.”
From Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oils: A Short Review (2010) · cites this paper as [25]
There are three NOS isoforms: constitutive, endothelial, and cytokine-inducible; inflammatory mediators such as IL-1, TNF-α, or LPS stimulate iNOS expression in rodent macrophages in vitro, and NO production and/or iNOS expression are induced in many mammalian cells.
“There are three isoforms of NOS: constitutive (cNOS), endothelial (eNOS) and the other is cytokine-inducible NOS (iNOS). Inflammatory mediators such as IL-1, TNF-α or LPS stimulate iNOS expression in rodent macrophages in vitro. NO production and/or iNOS expression are also induced by inflammatory mediators in a wide variety of mammalian cells, producing large amounts of NO for prolonged time”
From Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oils: A Short Review (2010) · cites this paper as [25]
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References 39 · Cited by 93
- Authors
- Miyasaka, N., & Hirata, Y.
- Affiliations
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Miyasaka, Nobuyuki
- Venue
- Life Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-10
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 2073-2081
- ISSN
- 0024-3205 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1998851219
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Life Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
- Keywords
- nitric oxide, inflammatory arthritis, inducible nitric oxide synthase, constitutive nitric oxide synthase, endothelium-derived relaxing factor, L-arginine, macrophages, inflammatory cytokines, synovium, cartilage, L-NMMA, arthritis pathogenesis, tissue destruction
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arthritis, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Nitric Oxide
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