Assessing the effects of plant protection products on organic matter breakdown in arable fields—litter decomposition test systems
Abstract
There is a need for plant protection products (PPPs) to be assessed for their effects on the breakdown of organic matter (OM), which is an important functional process in terrestrial ecosystems. Little information is available on to how to assess effects of PPPs on this complex system and formal guidelines for a standardised test method are lacking. We critically reviewed the literature to determine appropriate methods to investigate OM breakdown for the risk assessment of PPPs. Five methods appeared to be potentially suitable: namely the use of mini-containers or litter-bags to enclose OM, cotton-strip and bait-lamina assays which provide an artificial OM substrate, and stable isotopes to track the chemical decomposition of OM. These methods were compared on the basis of 10 suitability criteria, which included ecological relevance, ease of use and relevance to risk assessors. Each test method has limitations but the use of litter-bags, which is the most frequently used method, has distinct advantages over the other approaches. Accordingly, literature describing OM breakdown in litter-bags when applying PPPs are reviewed, gaps in the methodology are highlighted and recommendations for the development of a standardised and validated test method are proposed.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The use of corn stover was intentional to mimic actual plant litter, as recommended for the litterbag method.
“The use of corn stover was intentional in order to mimic the actual plant litter, as recommended for the litterbag method (Knacker et al. 2003).”
From Medium-term effects of corn biochar addition on soil biota activities and functions in a temperate soil cropped to corn (2014) · cites this paper as Knacker et al. 2003
Cites
Organisms as Ecosystem Engineers
Jones, C. G., Lawton, J. H., & Shachak, M. (1994) · Oikos · doi:10.2307/3545850 · Cited by 5,105 · see citing works
Decomposition in Terrestrial Ecosystems
Swift, M. J., Heal, O. W., & Anderson, J. M. (1979) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/9780520407114 · Cited by 4,586 · see citing works
Organisms as Ecosystem Engineers
Jones, C. G., Lawton, J. H., & Shachak, M. (1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4018-1_14 · Cited by 4,294 · see citing works
Methods in Applied Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry
(1995) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-513840-6.x5014-9 · Cited by 2,837 · see citing works
Tropical soil biology and fertility: a handbook of methods.
Anderson, J. M., & Ingram, J. S. I. (1993) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) · Cited by 2,776 · see citing works
Hoffman, D. J. (2002) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420032505 · Cited by 1,971 · see citing works
Biology and Ecology of Earthworms
Edwards, C. A., & Arancon, N. Q. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-74943-3 · Cited by 1,859 · see citing works
Aerts, R. (1997) · Oikos · doi:10.2307/3546886 · Cited by 1,786 · see citing works
Earthworms, their ecology and relationships with soils and land use
Lee, K. E. (1985) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,753 · see citing works
Biology and ecology of earthworms
Lavelle, P. (1997) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/s0167-8809(97)88859-7 · Cited by 1,598 · see citing works
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function
Schulze, E., & Mooney, H. A. (1993) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-58001-7 · Cited by 1,339 · see citing works
A Critique of the Analytical Methods Used in Examining Decomposition Data Obtained From Litter Bags
Wider, R. K., & Lang, G. E. (1982) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1940104 · Cited by 994 · see citing works
Driven by nature: plant litter quality and decomposition
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-2094 · Cited by 961 · see citing works
Carbon and nitrogen dynamics along the decay continuum: Plant litter to soil organic matter
Melillo, J. M., Aber, J. D., Linkins, A. E., Ricca, A., Fry, B., & Nadelhoffer, K. J. (1989) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1021-8_6 · Cited by 663 · see citing works
Microbial and Faunal Interactions and Effects on Litter Nitrogen and Decomposition in Agroecosystems
Beare, M., Parmelee, R. W., Hendrix, P. F., Cheng, W., Coleman, D. C., & Crossley, D. A. (1992) · Ecological Monographs · doi:10.2307/2937317 · Cited by 640 · see citing works
Litter Placement Effects on Microbial and Organic Matter Dynamics in an Agroecosystem
Holland, E. A., & Coleman, D. C. (1987) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1939274 · Cited by 616 · see citing works
Risk assessment of chemicals : an introduction
van Leeuwen, K., & Vermeire, T. G. (2007) · Springer eBooks · Cited by 577 · see citing works
(1997) · Cited by 544 · see citing works
Lawton, J. H., & BROWN, V. K. (1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-58001-7_12 · Cited by 520 · see citing works
Biology of Plant Litter Decomposition
(1974) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-215001-2.x5001-6 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Driven by nature: Plant litter quality and decomposition 1997
Dighton, J. (1997) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0038-0717(97)00071-0 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Verhoef, H. A., & Brussaard, L. (1990) · Biogeochemistry · doi:10.1007/bf00004496 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
The disappearance of leaf litter under different woodland conditions
Bocock, K. L., & GILBERT, O. (1957) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/bf01398924 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Addition, Decomposition and Accumulation of Organic Matter in Forests
Minderman, G. (1968) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.2307/2258238 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
West, A. W., & Sparling, G. P. (1986) · Journal of Microbiological Methods · doi:10.1016/0167-7012(86)90012-6 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Role of available carbon and nitrogen in determining the rate of wheat straw decomposition
Reinertsen, S. A., Elliott, L. F., Cochran, V. L., & Campbell, G. S. (1984) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(84)90052-x · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Spatial and temporal variability of soil respiration in agricultural fields
Rochette, P., Desjardins, R. L., & Pattey, E. (1991) · Canadian Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.4141/cjss91-018 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Lignin and cellulose fractionation in decomposition studies using acid‐detergent fibre methods
Rowland, A. P., & Roberts, J. D. (1994) · Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis · doi:10.1080/00103629409369035 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Barley Straw Decomposition in the Field: A Comparison of Models
Andrén, O., & Paustian, K. H. (1987) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1939203 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Advances in soil organic matter research: the impact on agriculture and the environment
Powlson, D. S. (1992) · Rothamsted Repository (Rothamsted Repository) · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Beare, M., Neely, C., Coleman, D. C., & Hargrove, W. L. (1990) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(90)90002-h · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Decomposition of wheat straw and rye residues as affected by particle size.
Angers, D. A., & Recous, S. (1997) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1023/a:1004207219678 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
The Occurrence and Significance of Bound Pesticide Residues in Soil
Calderbank, A. (1989) · Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-8850-0_2 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function
Risser, P. G. (1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4018-1_33 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
A Litter‐Bag Method for the Study of Microarthropods Inhabiting Leaf Litter
Crossley, D. A., & Hoglund, M. P. (1962) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1933396 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
The chemical components and decomposition of wheat straw leaves, internodes and nodes
Harper, S. H. T., & Lynch, J. M. (1981) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740321103 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Kratz, W. (1998) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/bf02986394 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Bocock, K. L. (1964) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.2307/2257595 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
McLellan, T. M., Aber, J. D., Martin, M. E., et al. (1991) · Canadian Journal of Forest Research · doi:10.1139/x91-232 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Advances in soil organic matter research : the impact on agriculture and the environment
Wilson, W. S. (1991) · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Bioavailability of Nonextractable (Bound) Pesticide Residues to Earthworms
Gevao, B., Mordaunt, C. J., Semple, K. T., et al. (2000) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es000144d · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Bioindicator Systems for Soil Pollution
(1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1752-1 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Ecotoxicology of Soil Organisms
Sheppard, S. C. (1995) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400050041x · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Christensen, B. T. (1986) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(86)90010-6 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Assessing feeding activities of soil-living animals
von Törne, E. (1990) · Pedobiologia · doi:10.1016/s0031-4056(24)00012-x · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Low temperature or low water potential effects on the microbial decomposition of wheat residue
Stott, D. E., Elliott, L. F., Papendick, R. I., et al. (1986) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(86)90078-7 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Ecotoxicology of soil organisms
Donker, M. H., Eijsackers, H. J. P., & Heimbach, F. (1994) · Cited by 138 · see citing works
TATE, R. L. (1991) · Soil Science · doi:10.1097/00010694-199103000-00011 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Cotton strip assay : an index of decomposition in soils
Harrison, A. F., Latter, P. M., & Walton, D. W. H. (1988) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 135 · see citing works
The use of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy in litter decomposition studies
Joffre, R., Gillon, D., Dardenne, P., et al. (1992) · Annales des Sciences Forestières · doi:10.1051/forest:19920504 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Risk assessment of chemicals: an introduction
Power, M. J., & Lanno, R. P. (1997) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/s0166-445x(96)00829-6 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
CAN LITTER DECOMPOSABILITY BE PREDICTED BY NEAR INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY?
Gillon, D., Joffre, R., & Ibrahima, A. (1999) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[0175:cldbpb]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Magid, J., Kjærgaard, C., Gorissen, A., et al. (1999) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0038-0717(98)00164-3 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
In situ changes in gross N transformations in bare soil after addition of straw
Recous, S., Aita, C., & Mary, B. (1998) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0038-0717(98)00113-8 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Interactions between microclimatic variables and the soil microbial biomass
Wardle, D. A., & Parkinson, D. (1990) · Biology and Fertility of Soils · doi:10.1007/bf00336239 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Christensen, B. T. (1985) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(85)90047-1 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Assessing feeding activities of soil-living animals. I. Bait-lamina-tests.
von Törne, E. (1990) · Pedobiologia · Cited by 122 · see citing works
EARTHWORM EFFECTS ON CARBON AND NITROGEN DYNAMICS OF SURFACE LITTER IN CORN AGROECOSYSTEMS
Bohlen, P. J., Parmelee, R. W., McCartney, D. A., & Edwards, C. A. (1997) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[1341:eeocan]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
The effect of maize straw placement on mineralization of C and N in soil particle size fractions
Stemmer, M., Lützow, M. V., Kandeler, E., Pichlmayer, F., & Gerzabek, M. H. (1999) · European Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2389.1999.00204.x · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Knacker, T., van Gestel, C. A. M., Jones, S., Soares, A. M. V. M., Schallnaß, H., Förster, B., & Edwards, C. A. (2004) · Ecotoxicology · doi:10.1023/b:ectx.0000012402.38786.01 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citationDecomposition and chemical composition of cereal straw
Summerell, B. A., & Burgess, L. (1989) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(89)90129-6 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Rochette, P., Angers, D. A., & Flanagan, L. B. (1999) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj1999.6351385x · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Donegan, K. K., Seidler, R. J., Fieland, V. J., et al. (1997) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.2307/2404921 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Helling, B., Pfeiff, G., & Larink, O. (1998) · Applied Soil Ecology · doi:10.1016/s0929-1393(97)00065-6 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Predicting the stage of decay of decomposing leaves by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy
Gillon, D., Joffre, R., & Dardenne, P. (1993) · Canadian Journal of Forest Research · doi:10.1139/x93-316 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Organic matter quality in ecological studies: theory meets experiment
Joffre, R., Ågren, G. I., Gillon, D., et al. (2001) · Oikos · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.930310.x · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Wardle, D. A., Yeates, G. W., Watson, R. N., & Nicholson, K. S. (1993) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(93)90088-s · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Wheat Straw Decomposition in the Field
Smith, J. H., & Douglas, C. L. (1971) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj1971.03615995003500020027x · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Fließbach, A., Mader, P. M., & Niggli, U. A. (2000) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0038-0717(00)00028-6 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The use of cotton strips to indicate cellulose decomposition in the field
Latter, P. M., & Howson, G. (1977) · Pedobiologia · doi:10.1016/s0031-4056(23)00158-0 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Henriksen, T. M., & Breland, T. A. (1999) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0038-0717(99)00063-2 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Litter decomposition: a Russian matriochka doll
Eijsackers, H. J. P., & Zehnder, A. J. B. (1990) · Biogeochemistry · doi:10.1007/bf00004495 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Air-drying depresses rates of leaf litter decomposition
Taylor, B. R. (1998) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0038-0717(97)00126-0 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
House, G. J., Worsham, A. D., Sheets, T. J., et al. (1987) · Biology and Fertility of Soils · doi:10.1007/bf00256982 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Nutrient Dynamics of Crop Residues Decomposing on a Fallow No‐Till Soil Surface
Schomberg, H. H., & Steiner, J. L. (1999) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj1999.03615995006300030025x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Longterm effects of soil compaction and tillage on Collembola and straw decomposition in arable soil
Dittmer, S., & Schrader, S. (2000) · Pedobiologia · doi:10.1078/s0031-4056(04)70069-4 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Modelling the effects of moisture on barley straw and root decomposition in the field
Andrén, O., Steen, E., & Rajkai, K. (1992) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(92)90246-t · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Roper, M. M., & Smith, N. A. (1991) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(91)90064-q · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Nutrient and carbon dioxide release by interacting species of straw-decomposing fungi
Robinson, C. H., Dighton, J., Frankland, J. C., et al. (1993) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/bf00010794 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Characterization of soil organic matter by solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy
Skjemstad, J., Clarke, P., Golchin, A., & Oades, J. (1997) · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Cortez, J., Billès, G., & Bouché, M. B. (2000) · Biology and Fertility of Soils · doi:10.1007/s003740050010 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Fungal communities on decaying wheat straw of different resource qualities
Robinson, C. H., Dighton, J., Frankland, J. C., & Roberts, J. D. (1994) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(94)90120-1 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Carbon transformations during wheat straw decomposition
Cogle, A. L., Saffigna, P. G., & Strong, W. M. (1989) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(89)90145-4 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Long-term decomposition of barley straw: Chemical changes and ingrowth of fungal mycelium
Wessén, B., & Berg, B. (1986) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(86)90103-3 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Effects of epigeic macroarthropods on grass litter decomposition in mown meadow
Kajak, A. (1997) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/s0167-8809(96)01125-5 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Hendrix, P. F., & Parmelee, R. W. (1985) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(85)90003-3 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Influence of litterbags on growth of fungal vegetative structures
John, T. V. S. (1980) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/bf00346977 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Unger, H. (1960) · Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science · doi:10.1002/jpln.19600910106 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Vreeken-Buijs, M. J., & Brussaard, L. (1996) · Biology and Fertility of Soils · doi:10.1007/bf00335910 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Edwards, C. A., Subler, S., Chen, S., et al. (1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1752-1_7 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Decomposability of barley straw: Effect of cold-water extraction on dry weight and nutrient content
Christensen, B. T. (1985) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(85)90095-1 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Paulus, R., Römbke, J., Ruf, A., et al. (1999) · Pedobiologia · doi:10.1016/s0031-4056(24)00497-9 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationEisenbeis, G., Lenz, R., & Heiber, T. (1999) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/bf02987332 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Thomsen, I. K., Olesen, J. E., Schjønning, P., et al. (2001) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0038-0717(00)00138-3 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Bjørnlund, L., Ekelund, F., Christensen, S. T., et al. (2000) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0038-0717(00)00005-5 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
House, G. J., & Stinner, R. E. (1987) · Pedobiologia · doi:10.1016/s0031-4056(23)00386-4 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Korsgaard, H. B., Rønn, R., & Christensen, S. T. (2001) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00399.x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Constantinides, M., & Fownes, J. H. (1994) · Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis · doi:10.1080/00103629409369260 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Litter Decomposition in a Red Maple Woodlot Under Natural Conditions and Under Insecticide Treatment
Weary, G. C., & Merriam, H. G. (1978) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1936646 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Interactions between the fungicide benomyl and soil microorganisms
Torstensson, L., & Wessén, B. (1984) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(84)90050-6 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Kurka, A.-M., Starr, M., Heikinheimo, M., et al. (2000) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1023/a:1004788327255 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Decreases in Soil Microbial Function and Functional Diversity in Response to Depleted Uranium
Meyer, M. C., Paschke, M. W., McLendon, T., et al. (1998) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700060006x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Impact of environmental factors on fungal respiration and dry matter losses in wheat straw
Willcock, J., & Magan, N. (2000) · Journal of Stored Products Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-474x(00)00005-9 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Kula, C., & Römbke, J. (1998) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/bf02986376 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationHow to quantify contamination of organic litter bag material with soil?
Potthoff, M., & Loftfield, N. (1998) · Pedobiologia · doi:10.1016/s0031-4056(24)00413-x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Boström, U. (1987) · Pedobiologia · doi:10.1016/s0031-4056(23)00381-5 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Kapustka, L. A., & Reporter, M. (1997) · doi:10.1002/9781444313512.ch14 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Technical aspects of the cotton strip assay in soils
Latter, P. M., Bancroft, G., & Gillespie, J. (1988) · International Biodeterioration · doi:10.1016/0265-3036(88)90073-5 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
A STANDARD CURVE FOR INTER-SITE COMPARISON OF CELLULOSE DEGRADATION USING THE COTTON STRIP METHOD
Hill, M. O., Latter, P. M., & BANCROFT, G. (1985) · Canadian Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.4141/cjss85-067 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Succession and activity of microarthropods and enchytraeids during barley straw decomposition
Lagerlöf, J. E., & Andrén, O. (1985) · Pedobiologia · doi:10.1016/s0031-4056(23)06601-5 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Strohrotteversuche zur Erfassung von Herbizid-Nebenwirkungen auf den Strohumsatz im Boden
Malkomes, H. (1980) · Pedobiologia · doi:10.1016/s0031-4056(23)03556-4 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Kurka, A.-M., & Starr, M. (1997) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1023/a:1004207516250 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Role of earthworms in straw decomposition in a winter cereal field
Curry, J. P., & Byrne, D. F. (1997) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0038-0717(96)00179-4 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Malkomes, H. (1980) · Pedobiologia · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Broadbent, A. B., & Tomlin, A. D. (1982) · Environmental Entomology · doi:10.1093/ee/11.5.1036 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Lenz, R., & Eisenbeis, G. (1998) · Pedobiologia · doi:10.1016/s0031-4056(24)00450-5 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Effects of burial, stem portion and cultivar on the decomposition of canola straw
Blenis, P. V., Chow, P. S., & Stringam, G. R. (1999) · Canadian Journal of Plant Science · doi:10.4141/p98-022 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
THE ROLE OF THE EARTHWORM LUMBRICUS TERRESTRIS IN INTEGRATED FRUIT PRODUCTION
Kennel, W. (1990) · Acta Horticulturae · doi:10.17660/actahortic.1990.285.20 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Herbicide Effects on Leaf Litter Decomposition Processes in An Oak‐Hickory Forest
Gottschalk, M. R., & Shure, D. J. (1979) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1936476 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Parshotam, A., Saggar, S., Searle, P. L., Daly, B. K., Sparling, G. P., & Parfitt, R. (2000) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0038-0717(99)00131-5 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Interactions between soil invertebrates and straw in arable soil
Jensen, M. B. (1985) · Pedobiologia · doi:10.1016/s0031-4056(23)03019-6 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Schätzungen von Freßaktivitäten bodenlebender Tiere
von Törne, E. (1990) · Pedobiologia · doi:10.1016/s0031-4056(24)00028-3 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Assessing feeding activities of soil-living animals. II. Mini-bait-tests.
von Törne, E. (1990) · Pedobiologia · Cited by 17 · see citing works
A critical evaluation of the cotton strip assay
Howard, P. J. A. (1988) · NERC Open Research Archive (Natural Environment Research Council) · Cited by 17 · see citing works
R�mbke, J. (1991) · Biology and Fertility of Soils · doi:10.1007/bf00335844 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationZiegler, F., & Zech, W. (1991) · Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde · doi:10.1002/jpln.19911540511 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Soil quality. Effects of pollutants on earthworms
(2015) · doi:10.3403/bseniso11268 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Finding A Niche for Soil Microbial Toxicity Tests in Ecological Risk Assessment
Efroymson, R. A., & Suter, G. W. (1999) · Human and Ecological Risk Assessment An International Journal · doi:10.1080/10807039.1999.9657736 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Cellulose decomposition as bioenergetic indicator of soil degradation.
Bieńkowski, P. (1990) · Polish Ecological Studies · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Sch�nborn, W., & Dumpert, K. (1990) · Biology and Fertility of Soils · doi:10.1007/bf00634104 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Stroh‐ und Zelluloseabbau in verschiedenen Bodentypen
Schröder, D., & Gewehr, H. (1977) · Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde · doi:10.1002/jpln.19771400303 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Cortet, J., & Poinsot-Balaguer, N. (2000) · Canadian Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.4141/s99-055 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Irmler, U. (1998) · Pedobiologia · doi:10.1016/s0031-4056(24)00408-6 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Kurka, A.-M., & Starr, M. (1997) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1023/a:1004266507307 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The Role of Soil Microbial Tests in Ecological Risk Assessment
Chapman, P. M. (1999) · Human and Ecological Risk Assessment An International Journal · doi:10.1080/10807039.1999.9657761 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Soil quality. Determination of soil microbial biomass
(1997) · doi:10.3403/01037750 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Decomposition in an Amazonian rain forest after experimental litter addition in small plots
Höfer, H., Martius, C., & Beck, L. (1996) · Pedobiologia · doi:10.1016/s0031-4056(24)00383-4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Römbke, J., Bauer, C., & Marschner, A. (1996) · Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung · doi:10.1007/bf02939301 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationKurka, A.-M., Starr, M., Karsisto, M., et al. (2001) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1023/a:1004887819813 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Die Bedeutung der Umsetzung von Weizenstroh im Hinblick auf den C‐ und N‐Haushalt von Löß‐Ackerböden
Nieder, R., & Richter, J. (1989) · Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde · doi:10.1002/jpln.19891520503 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Nagel, R. F., Fromm, H., & Beese, F. (1995) · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Development of a Field Bioassay for the Side Effects of Pesticides on Decomposition
de Jong, F. M. W. (1998) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1006/eesa.1998.1650 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Schnetter, M.-L. (1971) · Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde · doi:10.1002/jpln.19711300102 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Beyer, L., Blume, H.-P., Friedrich, F., et al. (1992) · Pedobiologia · doi:10.1016/s0031-4056(24)00795-9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Boháč, J., Pokarzhevski, A., & Gusev, A. S. (1990) · Zentralblatt für Mikrobiologie · doi:10.1016/s0232-4393(11)80011-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Cotton Strip Assay: Field Applications and Global Comparisons
Howson, G. (2003) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-85573-813-3.50026-3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
New methods of determining the activity of forest soil.
Kuzniar, K. (1950) · Sylwan · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Carbon input by plants into the soil. Review
Kuzyakov, Y., & Domanski, G. (2000) · Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science · doi:10.1002/1522-2624(200008)163:4
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Domene, X., Mattana, S., Hanley, K., Enders, A., & Lehmann, J. (2014) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.01.035 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Contribution of agroecological farming systems to the delivery of ecosystem services
Boeraeve, F., Dendoncker, N., Cornélis, J.-T., Degrune, F., & Dufrêne, M. (2020) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109576 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
- Authors
- Knacker, T., Förster, B., Römbke, J., & Frampton, G. K.
- Affiliations
- ECT Oekotoxikologie (Germany) (DE)
- University of Southampton (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Knacker, Thomas
- Venue
- Soil Biology and Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-10
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1269-1287
- ISSN
- 0038-0717 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2018640998
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 148
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Soil Biology and Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Environmental Chemistry and Analysis
- Keywords
- plant protection products, organic matter decomposition, litter decomposition, stable isotope tracers, pesticide risk assessment, arable fields, soil organic matter
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review