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Cited by 2,051Retinal Diseases and TreatmentsAntioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressRetinal Development and Disorders

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 243 of the 243 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Beatty, Stephen, Koh, Hui-Hiang, Phil, M, Henson, David, Boulton, Michael·2000·Survey of Ophthalmology
DOI 10.1016/s0039-6257(00)00140-5
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Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blind registration in the developed world, and yet its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Oxidative stress, which refers to cellular damage caused by reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), has been implicated in many disease processes, especially age-related disorders. ROIs include free radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and singlet oxygen, and they are often the byproducts of oxygen metabolism. The retina is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress because of its high consumption of oxygen, its high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and its exposure to visible light. In vitro studies have consistently shown that photochemical retinal injury is attributable to oxidative stress and that the antioxidant vitamins A, C, and E protect against this type of injury. Furthermore, there is strong evidence suggesting that lipofuscin is derived, at least in part, from oxidatively damaged photoreceptor outer segments and that it is itself a photoreactive substance. However, the relationships between dietary and serum levels of the antioxidant vitamins and age-related macular disease are less clear, although a protective effect of high plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol has been convincingly demonstrated. Macular pigment is also believed to limit retinal oxidative damage by absorbing incoming blue light and/or quenching ROIs. Many putative risk-factors for AMD have been linked to a lack of macular pigment, including female gender, lens density, tobacco use, light iris color, and reduced visual sensitivity. Moreover, the Eye Disease Case-Control Study found that high plasma levels of lutein and zeaxanthin were associated with reduced risk of neovascular AMD. The concept that AMD can be attributed to cumulative oxidative stress is enticing, but remains unproven. With a view to reducing oxidative damage, the effect of nutritional antioxidant supplements on the onset and natural course of age-related macular disease is currently being evaluated.

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Citations

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Research works printed but not linked: 15

  1. 1993, The Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group, Arch Ophthalmol, 111, 104
  2. 1989, Steering Committee of the Physicians Health Study Research Group, N Engl J Med, 321, 129
  3. Ayebi, HE,. Wyss SR. Acatalasemia, in Stanbury JB, Wyngaarden JB, Frederickson DS (eds): The Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1978, pp 1792–1807
  4. Bazan, 1989, The metabolism of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the eye, Prog Clin Biol Res, 312, 95
  5. Bone, 1988, Analysis of the macular pigment by HPLC, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 29, 843
  6. Buring, 1989, The Womens Health Study, J Myocardiol Ischaemia, 4, 27
  7. Chen, 1992, Inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase by blue light (404 nm). A factor that causes retinal injury?, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 33, 919
  8. Davies S, Boulton ME: The phototoxicity of lipofuscin in vitro. Exp Eye Res 102 (Suppl), Abstract 349.98. Proceedings of the XIII International Congress of Eye Research, Paris, 1998
  9. Eisner, 1987, Sensitivities in older eyes with good acuity, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 28, 1832
  10. Feeney-Burns, 1983, The fate of the phagosome, Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK, 103, 416
  11. Feeney-Burns, 1984, Aging human RPE, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 25, 195
  12. Gardes-Albert M, Ferradini C, Sekaki A, Droy-Lefaix MT: Oxygen-centred free radicals and their interactions with EGb 761 or CP 202, in Ferradini C, Droy-Lefaix MT, Christen Y (eds): Advances in Gingko Biloba Extract Research. Paris, Elsevier, 1993, pp 1–11
  13. Hammond, 1998, Preservation of visual sensitivity of older subjects, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 39, 397
  14. Oliveros, 1994, Quenching of singlet oxygen (1Δg) by carotenoid derivatives, New J Chem, 18, 535
  15. Seddon, 1994, Dietary fat intake and age-related macular degeneration (abstract), Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 35, 2003

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Metadata

Authors
Beatty, S., Koh, H.-H., Phil, M., Henson, D., & Boulton, M.
Affiliations
  • Manchester Royal Eye Hospital (GB)
  • University of Manchester (GB)
  • Cardiff University (GB)
ORCID
Venue
Survey of Ophthalmology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2000-09
Volume
45
Issue
2
Pages
115-134
ISSN
0039-6257 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0039-6257(00)00140-5
OpenAlex
W2144839999
Cited by
2,051
References
243
Citations by year
2026: 51 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 80 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 109 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 106 · 2018: 86 · 2017: 92 · 2016: 83 · 2015: 87 · 2014: 104 · 2013: 104 · 2012: 119
FWCI
8.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Survey of Ophthalmology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Development and Disorders
Keywords
age-related macular degeneration, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, photoreceptor outer segments, lipofuscin, macular pigment, lutein, zeaxanthin, alpha-tocopherol, antioxidant vitamins, macular pigment optical density, neovascular AMD, dietary antioxidants, risk factors
MeSH terms
Aging, Antioxidants, Ascorbic Acid, Humans, Macular Degeneration, Prognosis, Retina, Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress

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