Roles of DNA Polymerases in Replication, Repair, and Recombination in Eukaryotes
Abstract
The functioning of the eukaryotic genome depends on efficient and accurate DNA replication and repair. The process of replication is complicated by the ongoing decomposition of DNA and damage of the genome by endogenous and exogenous factors. DNA damage can alter base coding potential resulting in mutations, or block DNA replication, which can lead to double-strand breaks (DSB) and to subsequent chromosome loss. Replication is coordinated with DNA repair systems that operate in cells to remove or tolerate DNA lesions. DNA polymerases can serve as sensors in the cell cycle checkpoint pathways that delay cell division until damaged DNA is repaired and replication is completed. Eukaryotic DNA template-dependent DNA polymerases have different properties adapted to perform an amazingly wide spectrum of DNA transactions. In this review, we discuss the structure, the mechanism, and the evolutionary relationships of DNA polymerases and their possible functions in the replication of intact and damaged chromosomes, DNA damage repair, and recombination.
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DNA polymerase η copies undamaged DNA with lower fidelity than most DNA-directed polymerases, with an average base-substitution error rate of 3.5 × 10−2.
“DNA pol h copies undamaged DNA with a lower fidelity than most DNA-directed polymerases with an average base-substitution error rate of 3.5 £ 10 ¡2 [22][23][24] .”
From DNA polymerase <b>η</b> mutational signatures are found in a variety of different types of cancer (2018) · cites this paper as [24]
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References 544 · Cited by 123
- Authors
- Pavlov, Y. I., Shcherbakova, P. V., & Rogozin, I. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Nebraska Medical Center (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- International Review of Cytology
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2006
- Volume
- 255
- Pages
- 41-132
- ISSN
- 0074-7696 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1495608698
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 544
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 17.31
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International review of cytology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Keywords
- DNA polymerase, DNA replication, DNA repair, DNA recombination, eukaryotic genomes, DNA damage, DNA double-strand breaks, cell cycle checkpoints
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, DNA, DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase, DNA Repair, DNA Replication, Eukaryotic Cells, Humans, Molecular Conformation, Molecular Sequence Data, Neoplasms, Recombination, Genetic, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genomic Instability
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