Smoking is associated with the retention of cytoplasm by human spermatozoa
Abstract
Objectives To determine whether cigarette smoking is associated with the abnormal retention of residual sperm cytoplasm in infertile men. Methods Semen samples were obtained from 87 consecutive non-azoospermic men with idiopathic infertility (18 smokers and 69 nonsmokers) and from 20 men presenting for vasectomy (fertile controls). Standard semen parameters and the percentage of spermatozoa with residual cytoplasm (on Papanicolaou smears) were recorded. Results Subject age, semen volume, and sperm density, motility, and morphology were not significantly different between the two groups of infertile men. However, a significant difference was found in the mean +/- SEM percentages of sperm with cytoplasm droplets between smokers and nonsmokers (12.9% +/- 1.7% and 8.1% +/- 0.9%, respectively; P Conclusions Our data suggest that cigarette smoking is associated with retention of sperm cytoplasmic droplets in infertile men, a morphologic characteristic associated with impaired sperm function.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
There are conflicting findings on the association between smoking and sperm morphology.
“There are conflicting findings on the association between smoking and sperm morphology.”
From Isolated teratozoospermia: revisiting its relevance in male infertility: a narrative review (2024) · cites this paper as [56]
Some studies showed that heavy smoking is correlated with lower sperm quality, including teratozoospermia, and incidence of cytoplasmic droplets in sperm.
“Some studies showed that heavy smoking is correlated with lower sperm quality, including teratozoospermia, and incidence of cytoplasmic droplets in sperm (55-57).”
From Isolated teratozoospermia: revisiting its relevance in male infertility: a narrative review (2024) · cites this paper as [56]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Temporal trends in sperm count: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis
Levine, H., Jørgensen, N., Martino-Andrade, A., Mendiola, J., Weksler-Derri, D., Mindlis, I., Pinotti, R., & Swan, S. H. (2017) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmx022 · Cited by 1,374 · see citing works
Levine, H., Jørgensen, N., Martino-Andrade, A., Mendiola, J., Weksler-Derri, D., Jolles, M., Pinotti, R., & Swan, S. H. (2023) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmac035 · Cited by 728 · see citing works
Isolated teratozoospermia: revisiting its relevance in male infertility: a narrative review
Atmoko, W., Savira, M., Shah, R., Chung, E., & Agarwal, A. (2024) · Translational Andrology and Urology · doi:10.21037/tau-23-397 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
- Authors
- Mak, V., Jarvi, K., Buckspan, M., Freeman, M., Hechter, S., & Zini, A.
- Affiliations
- Mount Sinai Hospital (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Zini, Armand
- Venue
- Urology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-09
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 463-466
- ISSN
- 0090-4295 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2013170000
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Urology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Male Reproductive Health Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Health and Technologies
- Keywords
- cigarette smoking, male infertility, unexplained infertility, sperm morphology, sperm function
- MeSH terms
- Cytoplasm, Humans, Infertility, Male, Male, Smoking, Sperm Count, Sperm Motility, Spermatozoa
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
