Cited by 1,306Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationSpine and Intervertebral Disc PathologyMedical Practices and Rehabilitation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Comparison of stratified primary care management for low back pain with current best practice (STarT Back): a randomised controlled trial

Open access

Hill, Jonathan C, Whitehurst, David GT, Lewis, Martyn, Bryan, Stirling, Dunn, Kate M, Foster, Nadine E, Konstantinou, Kika, Main, Chris J, Mason, Elizabeth, Somerville, Simon, Sowden, Gail, Vohora, Kanchan, Hay, Elaine M·2011·The Lancet

DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60937-9PMC PMC3208163

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Background Back pain remains a challenge for primary care internationally. One model that has not been tested is stratification of the management according to the patient's prognosis (low, medium, or high risk). We compared the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of stratified primary care (intervention) with non-stratified current best practice (control).Methods 1573 adults (aged ≥18 years) with back pain (with or without radiculopathy) consultations at ten general practices in England responded to invitations to attend an assessment clinic. Eligible participants were randomly assigned by use of computer-generated stratified blocks with a 2:1 ratio to intervention or control group. Primary outcome was the effect of treatment on the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) score at 12 months. In the economic evaluation, we focused on estimating incremental quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and health-care costs related to back pain. Analysis was by intention to treat. This study is registered, number ISRCTN37113406.Findings 851 patients were assigned to the intervention (n=568) and control groups (n=283). Overall, adjusted mean changes in RMDQ scores were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group at 4 months (4·7 [SD 5·9] vs 3·0 [5·9], between-group difference 1·81 [95% CI 1·06-2·57]) and at 12 months (4·3 [6·4] vs 3·3 [6·2], 1·06 [0·25-1·86]), equating to effect sizes of 0·32 (0·19-0·45) and 0·19 (0·04-0·33), respectively. At 12 months, stratified care was associated with a mean increase in generic health benefit (0·039 additional QALYs) and cost savings (£240·01 vs £274·40) compared with the control group.Interpretation The results show that a stratified approach, by use of prognostic screening with matched pathways, will have important implications for the future management of back pain in primary care.Funding Arthritis Research UK.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60937-9

Cites

38 of 38 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x · Cited by 47,139
A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: Construction of Scales and Preliminary Tests of Reliability and Validity
WARE, J. E., KOSINSKI, M., & KELLER, S. D. (1996) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199603000-00003 · Cited by 17,392
Statistical Analysis With Missing Data
Lahiff, M., Little, R. J. A., & Rubin, D. B. (1989) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2289883 · Cited by 17,385
Depression and quality of life in older persons: A review
Sivertsen, H., Bjørkløf, G. H., Engedal, K., Selbæk, G., & Helvik, A.-S. (2015) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000437299 · Cited by 14,152
The american college of rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia
Wolfe, F., Smythe, H. A., Yunus, M. B., Bennett, R. M., Bombardier, C., Goldenberg, D. L., Tugwell, P., Campbell, S. M., Abeles, M., Clark, P., et al. (1990) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780330203 · Cited by 9,563
The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Development and validation.
Sullivan, M. J. L., Bishop, S. R., & Pivik, J. (1995) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037//1040-3590.7.4.524 · Cited by 8,227
A Study of the Natural History of Back Pain: Part I
ROLAND, M., & MORRIS, R. (1983) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-198303000-00004 · Cited by 3,395 · cited 1×
“RMDQ=Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire. PCS=Pain Catastrophizing Scale. TSK=Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia. HADS=Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. SF12=Short Form 12. *Based on major groups 5–9 of the UK Standard Occupation Classifi cation (2000) for current or most recent paid employment (inclusive of 36…”
Roderick J.A. Little, Donald B. Rubin — Statistical Analysis with Missing Data
Bo., N., Little, R. J. A., & Rubin, D. B. (1988) · Population · doi:10.2307/1533221 · Cited by 2,163
Kinesiophobia : a new view of chronic pain behavior
Kori, S. (1990) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,056
A primary care back pain screening tool: identifying patient subgroups for initial treatment
Hill, J. C., Dunn, K. M., Lewis, M., Mullis, R., Main, C. J., Foster, N. E., & Hay, E. M. (2008) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/art.23563 · Cited by 1,052
Self-citation

Show all 39 references

Sorted by citations

Items 901–999 of 999

Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
Penlington, C., Otemade, A. A., Bowes, C., Taylor, G., Waterhouse, P. J., & Ohrbach, R. K. (2019) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013515 · Cited by 4
Does the Keele STarT Back Screening Tool Contribute to Effectiveness in Treatment and Cost and Loss of Follow-Up of the Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy for Patients with Low Back Pain?
Tsuge, T., Takasaki, H., & Toda, M. (2020) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics10080536 · Cited by 4
A systematic scoping review of patient health outcomes and perceptions following management of low back pain via care pathways in primary health care
Boyle, E., Fary, R. E., Kang, K., Evans, K. A., Rebbeck, T. J., & Beales, D. J. (2020) · Musculoskeletal Care · doi:10.1002/msc.1510 · Cited by 4
Screeninginstrumente: mehr Licht als Schatten
Hasenbring, M. I., Levenig, C. G., Hallner, D., Puschmann, A.-K., Weiffen, A., Kleinert, J., Belz, J., Schiltenwolf, M., Pfeifer, A.-C., Heidari, J., et al. (2018) · Der Schmerz · doi:10.1007/s00482-018-0340-4 · Cited by 4
Been there, done that – what now? New avenues for dealing with chronic pain
Linton, S. J. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2020-0052 · Cited by 3
Disability Prevention
Franklin, G. M., Turner, J. A., Wickizer, T. M., Fulton‐Kehoe, D., & Mootz, R. D. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_1132 · Cited by 4
Deciphering neural circuits mediating sound-induced analgesia
Zhou, W., & Zhang, Z. (2022) · 动物学研究 · doi:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.524 · Cited by 4
Subgrouping People With Acute Low Back Pain Based on Psychological, Sensory, and Motor Characteristics: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Ippersiel, P., Côté‐Picard, C., Roy, J., & Massé‐Alarie, H. (2025) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.70006 · Cited by 4
Implementing a Digital Self‐Management App Can Support the NHS's Green Agenda: A Service Evaluation in a Community Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy Service
Tucker, K., Braybrooke, A., & Burgess, R. (2025) · Musculoskeletal Care · doi:10.1002/msc.70138 · Cited by 3
Non-malignant diseases: health outcomes after musculoskeletal injury
Sterling, M. M., Elphinston, R. A., Farrell, S. F., Papic, C., & Xie, Y. (2025) · Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care · doi:10.1097/spc.0000000000000766 · Cited by 3
Capabilities, opportunities and motivations in implementing guideline-oriented biopsychosocial low back pain management: perceptions of occupational healthcare professionals after an educational intervention
Paukkunen, M., Holopainen, R., Öberg, B. E., Ala‐Mursula, L., Karppinen, J. I., Elo, S., & Abbott, A. D. (2025) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-025-13267-7 · Cited by 4
Saudi Clinical Practice Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Low Back Pain and Sciatica in Adults
Aldera, M., Alturkistany, A. Q., Rayes, H. A., Gabriel Rada, G., Alsulaimany, H. H., Alsobayel, H., Alghamdi, K., Awwad, W. M., Alyamani, O. A., Bedaiwi, M. K., et al. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15020528 · Cited by 3
Sequenced Care Pathway vs Pain Navigator Pathway for Veterans With Low Back Pain
George, S. Z., Coffman, C. J., North, R., Lentz, T. A., France, C., Choate, A., Simon, C. B., Cook, C. E., Keefe, F. J., Allen, K. D., et al. (2026) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.4421 · Cited by 3
Knee impairments: Comparison between new clinical classification by cluster analysis and movement system impairment model
Farazdaghi, M. R., Razeghi, M., Sobhani, S., Shahraki, H. R., Haghighi, M. A., Farazdaghi, M., & Motealleh, A. (2022) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2022.02.003 · Cited by 3
Do baseline patient reported outcome measures predict changes in self-reported function, following a chronic pain rehabilitation programme?
Heelas, L., Soni, A., & Barker, K. L. (2023) · British Journal of Pain · doi:10.1177/20494637231190190 · Cited by 4
The association of the STarT Back Screening Tool and type of leg pain with low back pain disability trajectories: a prospective cohort study
Lemmers, G. P. G., Melis, R. J. F., Pagen, S., Hak, R., de Snoo, E. K., Westert, G. P., van der Wees, P. J., & Staal, J. B. (2024) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-024-07301-8 · Cited by 4
Effectiveness of a classification-based approach to low back pain in primary care – a benchmarking controlled trial
Simula, A. S., Malmivaara, A. V., Booth, N., & Karppinen, J. I. (2024) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.2340/jrm.v56.28321 · Cited by 4
A Stratified Approach for Managing Patients With Low Back Pain in Primary Care (SPLIT Program): A Before-and-After Study
Gomes, L. A., Fernandes, R. S., Caeiro, C., Henriques, A. R., de Sousa, R. D., Branco, J., Pimentel-Santos, F. M., Moniz, R., Vicente, L., Canhão, H. M., et al. (2024) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.3104 · Cited by 3
Identifying gait subgroups in low back pain patients with artificial intelligence: implications for individualized interventions
Metsavaht, L. F., Gonzalez, F. F., Guadagnin, E. C., Samartzis, D., Gustafson, J. A., Generoso, T. O., Chahla, J. A., Luzo, M. V. M., & Leporace, G. (2025) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-025-09033-2 · Cited by 3
Sheffield spinal pathway audit cycle – pathways, mountains and the view from the top
Hart, O., & Ryton, B. A. (2013) · British Journal of Pain · doi:10.1177/2049463713504387 · Cited by 3
Das integrierte Versorgungskonzept Rückenschmerz (IV-R) der IMC — Hintergrund und Konzeption
Ueberall, M. A., Müller-Schwefe, G. H. H., Nolte, T., & Nolte, T. (2015) · Schmerzmedizin · doi:10.1007/s00940-015-0060-0 · Cited by 3
Counting the Cost of Failed Spinal Fusion for Relief of Low Back Pain: Does Primary Fusion With Bone Morphogenetic Protein Make Economic Sense From a Primary Payer Perspective?
Lloyd, A. P. (2015) · Clinical Spine Surgery A Spine Publication · doi:10.1097/bsd.0000000000000273 · Cited by 3
Tailored on-line information and advice to patients with low back pain in general practice: a protocol for a semi-structured interview study (Part of the ADVIN Back Trial)
Riis, A., Jensen, M. B., Kanstrup, A. M., Hartvigsen, J., Rathleff, M. S., Hjelmager, D. M., Vinther, L. D., & Bertelsen, P. (2016) · VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) · Cited by 3
Association Between Clinical Tests Related to Motor Control Dysfunction and Changes in Pain and Disability After Lumbar Stabilization Exercises in Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain
Oliveira, C. B., Pinto, R. Z., Schabrun, S. M., Franco, M. R., Morelhao, P. K., Silva, F. G., Damato, T. M. D. M., & Filho, R. F. N. (2019) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2019.01.019 · Cited by 3
Collaborative service delivery to address public health issues within a musculoskeletal setting: evaluation of the Healthy Mind, Healthy Body project
Holehouse, K., Oliver, K., Rawlinson, G., & Roddam, H. (2019) · International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation · doi:10.12968/ijtr.2018.00196 · Cited by 3
Characteristics of ambulatory spine care visits in the United States, 2009–2016
Schneider, B. J., Haring, R. S., Song, A., Kim, P., Ayers, G. D., Kennedy, D. J. “. J. ”., & Jain, N. B. (2021) · Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation · doi:10.3233/bmr-200145 · Cited by 3
An exploration of normative values in New Zealand to inform the Targeted Interventions for Patellofemoral Pain approach
Hébert‐Losier, K., Hanzlíková, I., Oladi, S., Janssen, J., Selfe, J., & Richards, J. (2021) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2021.102399 · Cited by 3
Single session compared with multiple sessions of education and exercise for older adults with spinal pain in an advanced practice physiotherapy model of care: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Lafrance, S., Santaguida, C., Perreault, K., Bath, B. L., Thavorn, K., Feldman, D. E., Hébert, L. J., Fernandes, J., & Desmeules, F. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053004 · Cited by 3
Implementing BetterBack – a Best Practice Physiotherapy Healthcare Model for Low Back Pain : Clinician and Patient Evaluation
Schröder, K. (2021) · Linköping University medical dissertations · doi:10.3384/diss.diva-179586 · Cited by 3
Validation of the Subgroups for Targeted Treatment for Back (STarT Back) screening tool at a tertiary care centre
Robarts, S. F., Razmjou, H., Yee, A. J. M., & Finkelstein, J. A. (2022) · Canadian Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1503/cjs.010720 · Cited by 3
The Keele STarT Back Screening Tool Questionnaire: linguistic adaptation of the Russian language version
Bakhtadze, M. A., Voskresenskaya, O. N., & Prokhorov, D. E. (2022) · Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council · doi:10.21518/2079-701x-2022-16-11-42-47 · Cited by 3
Four Variables Were Sufficient for Low Back Pain: Determining Which Patient-Reported Tools Pain and Disability Improvements
Neeley, D. K., George, S. Z., Minick, K. I., Snow, G. L., & Brennan, G. P. (2022) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.11018 · Cited by 4
Supporting the ambulance service to safely convey fewer patients to hospital by developing a risk prediction tool: Risk of Adverse Outcomes after a Suspected Seizure (RADOSS)—protocol for the mixed-methods observational RADOSS project
Noble, A. J., Mason, S. M., Bonnett, L. J., Reuber, M., Wright, J., Pilbery, R., Jacques, R., Simpson, R. M., Campbell, R., Fuller, A., et al. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069156 · Cited by 3
Developing tailored intervention strategies for implementation of stratified care to low back pain with physiotherapists in Nigeria: a Delphi study
Adje, M., Steinhäuser, J., Stevenson, K., Mbada, C. E., Alonge, V., & Karstens, S. (2023) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-023-09123-1 · Cited by 3
Stratification of spine patients based on self-reported clinical symptom classes: Evaluation of long-term outcomes and subsequent interventions
Lapin, B. R., Davin, S. A., Stilphen, M., Johnson, J. K., Benzel, E., Habboub, G., & Katzan, I. L. (2023) · North American Spine Society Journal (NASSJ) · doi:10.1016/j.xnsj.2023.100205 · Cited by 3
Comparison of stratification techniques for optimal management of patients with chronic low back pain in spine clinics
Lapin, B. R., Li, Y., Davin, S. A., Stilphen, M., Johnson, J. K., Benzel, E., Habboub, G., & Katzan, I. L. (2023) · The Spine Journal · doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2023.04.017 · Cited by 3
Lost in implementation: risk stratified care for musculoskeletal pain
George, S. Z. (2023) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002939 · Cited by 3
Longitudinal Relationship Between Reduced Modic Change Edema and Disability and Pain in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain
Espeland, A., Kristoffersen, P. M., Bråten, L. C. H., Grøvle, L., Grotle, M., Haugen, A. J., Rolfsen, M. P., Hellum, C., Zwart, J., Storheim, K., et al. (2023) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000004837 · Cited by 3
Innovations in use of registry data (INOREG)
Moger, T. A., Amundsen, O., Tjerbo, T., Hellesø, R., Holte, J. H., & Vøllestad, N. K. (2023) · Nordic Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.5617/njhe.10097 · Cited by 3
Cognitive Functional Therapy compared with usual physiotherapy care in people with persistent low back pain: a mixed methods feasibility randomised controlled trial in the United Kingdom National Health Service
Newton, C., Singh, G., Nolan, D., Booth, V., Diver, C. J., O’Neill, S., Purtill, H., Logan, P., O’Sullivan, K., & O’Sullivan, P. (2024) · Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.physio.2024.02.003 · Cited by 6
The SelfSTarT intervention for low back pain patients presenting to first contact physiotherapists: A mixed methods service evaluation
Stevenson, K., Hadley‐Barrows, T., Evans, N. J., Campbell, L., Southam, J., Chudyk, A., Ellington, D., Jeeves, B., Jenson, C., Kleberg, S., et al. (2024) · Musculoskeletal Care · doi:10.1002/msc.1876 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Identifying Financial Performance Drivers in the Indian Banking Sector During the COVID-19 Crisis
Goswami, A., & Malik, P. (2024) · Journal of Quantitative Economics · doi:10.1007/s40953-024-00396-9 · Cited by 3
Therapeutic outcomes in patients with acute non-specific (musculoskeletal) pain according to the FORTE (ФОРТЕ) observational study
Parfenov, V. A. (2024) · Neurology neuropsychiatry Psychosomatics · doi:10.14412/2074-2711-2024-3-88-95 · Cited by 3
Characterizing Acute Low Back Pain in a Community-Based Cohort: Results from a Feasibility Cohort Study
Burke, C. A., Taylor, K. A., Fillipo, R., George, S. Z., Kapos, F. P., Danyluk, S., Kingsbury, C. A., Seebeck, K., Lewis, C. E., Ford, E., et al. (2024) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s474586 · Cited by 3
Optimising Musculoskeletal Patient Flow Through Digital Triage and Supported Self‐Management: A Service Evaluation Set Within Community Musculoskeletal Care
Burgess, R., Tucker, K., Smithson, R., Dimbleby, P., & Casey, C. (2024) · Musculoskeletal Care · doi:10.1002/msc.70013 · Cited by 3
Risk-stratified Care Improves Pain-related Knowledge and Reduces Psychological Distress for Low Back Pain: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Trial
Greenlee, T. A., George, S. Z., Pickens, B., & Rhon, D. I. (2025) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1097/corr.0000000000003351 · Cited by 3
The prognostic value of a screening tool for psychological risk factors after mild traumatic brain injury: prospective studies in Canada and New Zealand
Mikolić, A., Snell, D. L., Theadom, A., Faulkner, J. W., Zemek, R. L., & Silverberg, N. D. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-089471 · Cited by 3
Complex regional pain syndrome evolution is determined by both biological and psychosocial factors: a 1-year prospective observational study
Louis, M., Legrain, V., Aron, V., Filbrich, L., Mouraux, A., Henrard, S., Guillaume, L., Mouraux, D., Barbier, O., Libouton, X., et al. (2025) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003815 · Cited by 3
Associação entre recrutamento de músculos abdominais com desfechos clínicos e risco prognóstico em indivíduos com dor lombar crônica não específica: estudo preliminar
Ferreira, L. C. M., Araújo, A. C., Oliveira, C. B., Jassi, F. J., Oliveira, V. C., & Filho, R. D. F. N. (2016) · Fisioterapia e Pesquisa · doi:10.1590/1809-2950/14560723012016 · Cited by 3
Back Schools for Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain
Szikszay, T. M. (2017) · physioscience · doi:10.1055/s-0035-1567231 · Cited by 3
Agreement between physical therapists and radiologists of stratifying patients with shoulder pain into new treatment related categories using ultrasound; an exploratory study
Graaf, M. T.-D., Ottenheijm, R. P. G., Verhagen, A. P., Duijn, E., Karel, Y., van den Borne, M. P. J., Beumer, A., van Broekhoven, J. B., Dinant, G., Tetteroo, E., et al. (2019) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2019.01.005 · Cited by 3
Low-Back Pain
Albazli, K., Alotaibi, M. E., & Almoallim, H. M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-8323-0_6 · Cited by 3
The effect of pain management group on chronic pain and pain related co-morbidities and symptoms. A stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial. A study protocol
Reilimo, M., Kaila‐Kangas, L., Shiri, R., Laurola, M., & Miranda, H. (2020) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100603 · Cited by 3
Prospective observational study investigating the predictive validity of the STarT Back tool and the clinical effectiveness of stratified care in an emergency department setting
Treanor, C., Brogan, S., Burke, Y., Curley, A., Galvin, J., McDonagh, L., Murnaghan, C., Donnell, P. M., O’Reilly, N., Ryan, K., et al. (2022) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-022-07264-1 · Cited by 3
La lombalgie (commune) en évolution
Sichère, P., & Zeitoun, F. (2013) · Douleurs Évaluation - Diagnostic - Traitement · doi:10.1016/j.douler.2013.05.007 · Cited by 3
Moving forward in occupational health physical therapy: the journey toward specialization in the United States
Daley, D., & Miller, M. (2013) · Physical Therapy Reviews · doi:10.1179/1743288x13y.0000000102 · Cited by 3
Self-Management of Non-Specific Low Back Pain
Oliveira, V. C. (2014) · Journal of Yoga & Physical Therapy · doi:10.4172/2157-7595.1000150 · Cited by 3
[Therapeutic algorithm for low back pain].
Illés, T., Schiopu, D., Ouahes, R., Penders, W., & Reynders, P. F. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 3
Comparing a stratified treatment strategy with the standard treatment in randomized clinical trials
Sun, H., Bretz, F., Gerke, O., & Vach, W. (2016) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.7091 · Cited by 3
Which patients do not seek additional medical care after a self-management class for low back pain? An observational cohort
Garcia, A. N., Cook, C. E., & Rhon, D. I. (2019) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215519865013 · Cited by 3
Patient‐centered outcomes: Domain importance predicts health care use following physical therapy
Zeppieri, G., George, S. Z., Bialosky, J. E., & Lentz, T. A. (2021) · PM&R · doi:10.1002/pmrj.12680 · Cited by 4
Low Back Pain: Recent Advances and Perspectives
Gatchel, R. J. (2017) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-03842-656-1 · Cited by 3
Improving the Value of Medical Care for Patients with Back Pain
Wood, A. W., Matula, S. R., Huan, L., Linos, E., Platchek, T. S., & Milstein, A. S. (2017) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnx049 · Cited by 3
The ineffectiveness of paracetamol for spinal pain provides opportunities to better manage low back pain
O’Sullivan, K., & O’Sullivan, P. (2015) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095363 · Cited by 3
Spinal surgery for low back pain: a way forward
O'Dowd, T. J., & Hlavsova, A. (2014) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-014-3231-0 · Cited by 3
Recommendations for management of low-back pain misleading
Busse, J. W., Rampersaud, Y. R., White, L. M., & Feasby, T. E. (2014) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.114-0040 · Cited by 3
RE: “Low back pain misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis: Core principles” ( Monie AP, Fazey PJ, Singer KP. Manual Therapy 22 (2016) 68–71)
Cañeiro, J. P., Smith, A. J., O’Sullivan, K., O’Keeffe, M., Dankaerts, W., Fersum, K. V., Gibson, W., Wand, B. M., & O’Sullivan, P. (2016) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.math.2016.09.006 · Cited by 3
Toward Improving Outcomes in Whiplash: Implementing New Directions of Care
Fritz, J. M. (2017) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.0107 · Cited by 3
Sinn und Nutzen von Screeningverfahren
Pfingsten, M., Chenot, J., Schmidt, C. O., & Kohlmann, T. (2018) · Der Schmerz · doi:10.1007/s00482-018-0337-z · Cited by 3
Conservative Therapy for Acute and Subacute Back or Neck Pain
Krebs, E. E., & Goldsmith, E. S. (2022) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2022.21833 · Cited by 3
Development and psychometric evaluation of the Transdiagnostic Decision Tool: matched care for patients with a mental disorder in need of highly specialised care
van Krugten, F. C. W., Feltz-Cornelis, C. M. V. D., Boeschoten, M. A., Kloth, S. A. M., van der Sluijs, J. F. V. E., van Ee, E., van Es, S. M., Schoorl, M., Tak, L. M., Brouwer, W. B. F., et al. (2020) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2020.74 · Cited by 2
Health screening clinic to reduce absenteeism and presenteeism among NHS Staff: eTHOS a pilot RCT
Adams, R. L., Jordan, R. E., Maher, A., Adab, P., Barrett, T. G., Bevan, S., Cooper, L., DuRand, I., Edwards, F., Hardy, P., et al. (2023) · Health and Social Care Delivery Research · doi:10.3310/kdst3869 · Cited by 2
Advancing Work-Related Musculoskeletal Pain Science in the Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation: Time to Fully Adopt Biopsychosocial Approaches?
Reneman, M. F., O’Keeffe, M., Belton, J. L., Falcon, M., Main, C. J., Moore, P., Rohde, I., Shaw, W. S., Smith, B. H., Aasdahl, L., et al. (2025) · Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation · doi:10.1007/s10926-025-10286-3 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Evaluation of a Tailored Mobile Application for Self-Management of Low Back Pain: Towards a Metamodel for Designing Behavior Change Technologies
Debackere, F., Clavel, C., Rören, A., Rannou, F., Nguyen, C., Tran, V.-T., Messai, Y., & Martin, J. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713224 · Cited by 3
Comparison of baseline PROMIS ‐10 scores of mental and physical health of patients with low back pain evaluated by physiatrists and orthopedic spine surgeons
Rothman, R. D., Sokunbi, G., Malik, G. R., CASEY, E. K., Kirschner, J. S., Milani, C. J., Sandhu, H. S., Cheng, J., & Prather, H. (2025) · PM&R · doi:10.1002/pmrj.13378 · Cited by 2
Adopting Principles to Guide Pathways
Simon, C. B., Eucker, S. A., & Schmader, K. E. (2025) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2025.09.010 · Cited by 2
De-implementing spinal injections in pursuit of value-based care: Rethinking pain relief
Ballengee, L. A., Lentz, T. A., Goertz, C., McStay, F. W., Morken, I., & George, S. Z. (2026) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2026.106245 · Cited by 2
Effectiveness of stratified blended physiotherapy versus usual physiotherapy for neck and shoulder pain: a cluster-randomized trial
van Tilburg, M. L., Kloek, C. J. J., Foster, N. E., Staal, J. B., van Eijk, R. P. A., Ostelo, R., Pisters, M. F., & Veenhof, C. (2026) · Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2026.102135 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Academic Health Science Networks: a new approach for driving health innovation
GOODACRE, J. A., & Butland, L. (2015) · International Journal of Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.2217/ijr.15.29 · Cited by 2
Essential literature for the chiropractic profession: Results and implementation challenges from a survey of international chiropractic faculty
Mansholt, B. A., Salsbury, S. A., Corber, L. G., & Stites, J. S. (2017) · Journal of Chiropractic Education · doi:10.7899/jce-17-4 · Cited by 2
Health care utilization following motor vehicle collision is poorly stratified by chronic pain risk: Lessons from the CRASH study
Beaudoin, F. L., Rosellini, A. J., Bortsov, A. V., & McLean, S. A. (2018) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2018.07.019 · Cited by 2
Impact of an interactive workshop on specialist physiotherapists’ practice when implementing a new clinical care pathway for people with musculoskeletal conditions
Kang, K., Evans, K. A., Simić, M., Ferreira, P. H., Bandong, A. N., Coates, S., Beales, D. J., & Rebbeck, T. J. (2021) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2021.102466 · Cited by 2
Models of care for low back pain patients in primary healthcare: a scoping review protocol
Duarte, S. T., Nunes, C., Costa, D. S. A., Donato, H., & Cruz, E. B. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053848 · Cited by 2
Discriminative and Predictive Analysis of the Brazilian Version of the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire (ÖMPSQ) Short-Form in Patients With Low Back Pain
Fuhro, F. F., Fagundes, F. R. C., Manzoni, A. C. T., & Cabral, C. M. N. (2021) · Journal of Chiropractic Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jcm.2021.12.009 · Cited by 2
The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the 12-item Örebro musculoskeletal screening questionnaire (ÖMSQ-12-TR)
Horata, E. T., Demır, P., Yağcı, G., Erel, S., Eken, F., & Gabel, C. P. (2022) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2022.2089918 · Cited by 2
An Analysis of the Role of Mental Health in a Randomized Trial of a Walking Intervention for Black Veterans With Chronic Pain
Hammett, P. J., Eliacin, J., Makris, U. E., Allen, K. D., Kerns, R. D., Heapy, A. A., Goldsmith, E. S., Meis, L. A., Taylor, B. C., Saenger, M. S., et al. (2022) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2022.07.002 · Cited by 2
The Effect of a New Payment System on Physiotherapeutic Management of Patients With Low Back Pain in Primary Care
Bier, J. D., Verhagen, A. P., Ostelo, R., Chiarotto, A., & Koes, B. W. (2023) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2023.01.014 · Cited by 2
Development of a tool to support general practitioners to help adolescents with knee pain: an analysis using the Theoretical Domains Framework
Guldhammer, C., Holden, S., Andreucci, A., Johansen, S. K., Thomsen, J. L., & Rathleff, M. S. (2023) · Primary Health Care Research & Development · doi:10.1017/s1463423623000130 · Cited by 2
The Swedish version of the STarT MSK Tool: cross-cultural adaption, test–retest reliability, and aspects of validity
Rasmussen-Barr, E., Sövelid, M., Krantz, R., & Hill, J. C. (2023) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-023-06771-6 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Improving general practice management of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: Interdisciplinarity, coherence, and concerns
Larsen, J. B., Borregaard, P., Thomsen, J. L., Rathleff, M. S., & Johansen, S. K. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2023-0070 · Cited by 3
Predictive validity of the STarT Back screening tool among older adults with back pain
Vigdal, Ø. N., Flugstad, S., Storheim, K., Killingmo, R. M., & Grotle, M. (2024) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.2281 · Cited by 2
Clinimetrics: Keele STarT MSK tool
Zadro, J. R. (2024) · Journal of physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.jphys.2024.05.006 · Cited by 2
Effectiveness of digital Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia in patients with musculoskeletal complaints and insomnia in primary care physiotherapy: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Skarpsno, E. S., Hofmo, J. G., Hrozanova, M., Vedaa, Ø., Woodhouse, A., Landmark, T., Bentsen, L., Thorlund, J. B., Nordstoga, A. L., & Meisingset, I. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083592 · Cited by 2
Cost-effectiveness of Risk Stratified Care Versus Usual Care for Low Back Pain in the Military Health System
Rhon, D. I., Kim, M. C., Asche, C. V., & George, S. Z. (2024) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000005145 · Cited by 2
Effectiveness and Stakeholder Views of Community-Based Allied Health on Acute Care Utilization: A Mixed Methods Review
Tian, E. J., Martin, P., Ingram, L. A., & Kumar, S. (2024) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare · doi:10.2147/jmdh.s489640 · Cited by 2
Optimizing osteoarthritis care through clinical and community partnership: Results of an exploratory trial
Allen, K. D., Arbeeva, L. S., Callahan, L. F., Combs, K., Godfrey, T., Golightly, Y. M., Hales, D. P., Hill, C., Huffman, K. F., Nelson, A. E., et al. (2025) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open · doi:10.1016/j.ocarto.2025.100588 · Cited by 2
Prognostic factors for poor recovery in active-duty military personnel with musculoskeletal disorders: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Olivotto, S., Evans, K. A., Peek, K., Gardner, T., Donovan, M., Shirley, D., & Rebbeck, T. J. (2025) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2025.103383 · Cited by 2
Comparing Frailty Status Among Clusters Identified Based on EQ-5D-5L Dimensions in Older Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Kim, H. J., Kim, H. C., Hwang, J., & Kim, S. H. (2025) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina61071217 · Cited by 2
“Lovely Pie in the Sky Plans”: A Qualitative Study of Clinicians’ Perspectives on Guidelines for Managing Low Back Pain in Primary Care in England
Bishop, F. L., Dima, A. L., Ngui, J., Little, P., Moss-Morris, R., Foster, N. E., & Lewith, G. T. (2015) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000001215 · Cited by 74
Self-citation

Authors: Hill, J. C., Whitehurst, D. G., Lewis, M., Bryan, S., Dunn, K. M., Foster, N. E., Konstantinou, K., Main, C. J., Mason, E., Somerville, S., Sowden, G., Vohora, K., & Hay, E. M.
Affiliations: Arthritis Research UK (GB)
University of British Columbia (CA)
Corresponding author: Hill, Jonathan C
ORCID: Hill, Jonathan C
Whitehurst, David GT
Lewis, Martyn
Bryan, Stirling
Dunn, Kate M
Foster, Nadine E
Konstantinou, Kika
Main, Chris J
Sowden, Gail
Hay, Elaine M
Venue: The Lancet
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2011-10
Volume: 378
Issue: 9802
Pages: 1560-1571
ISSN: 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
0140-6736
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60937-9
PMC: PMC3208163
OpenAlex: W2160769294
Cited by: 1,306
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 45 · 2025: 63 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 79 · 2022: 98 · 2021: 108 · 2020: 104 · 2019: 104 · 2018: 103 · 2017: 103 · 2016: 105 · 2015: 96 · 2014: 85 · 2013: 98 · 2012: 38
FWCI: 52.48
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
Locations: The Lancet (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute for Health and Care Research (RP-PG-0707-10131)
Versus Arthritis (17741)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
Keywords: low back pain, stratified care, primary care, radiculopathy, disability, quality-adjusted life years, cost-effectiveness, general practice
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Combined Modality Therapy, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pain Measurement, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Prognosis, Reference Values, Severity of Illness Index, Treatment Outcome, Cost Savings, Low Back Pain, Risk Assessment, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Disease Management, General Practice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Comparison of stratified primary care management for low back pain with current best practice (STarT Back): a randomised controlled trial

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks