Cited by 328Hormonal and reproductive studiesHypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesAdrenal Hormones and Disorders

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Male hypogonadism

Basaria, Shehzad·2014·The Lancet

DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61126-5

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Abstract

Male hypogonadism is a clinical syndrome that results from failure to produce physiological concentrations of testosterone, normal amounts of sperm, or both. Hypogonadism may arise from testicular disease (primary hypogonadism) or dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary unit (secondary hypogonadism). Clinical presentations vary dependent on the time of onset of androgen deficiency, whether the defect is in testosterone production or spermatogenesis, associated genetic factors, or history of androgen therapy. The clinical diagnosis of hypogonadism is made on the basis of signs and symptoms consistent with androgen deficiency and low morning testosterone concentrations in serum on multiple occasions. Several testosterone-replacement therapies are approved for treatment and should be selected according to the patient's preference, cost, availability, and formulation-specific properties. Contraindications to testosterone-replacement therapy include prostate and breast cancers, uncontrolled congestive heart failure, severe lower-urinary-tract symptoms, and erythrocytosis. Treatment should be monitored for benefits and adverse effects.

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Authors: Basaria, S.
Affiliations: Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author: Basaria, Shehzad
ORCID: Basaria, Shehzad
Venue: The Lancet
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-04
Volume: 383
Issue: 9924
Pages: 1250-1263
ISSN: 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
0140-6736
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61126-5
OpenAlex: W4211201846
Cited by: 328
References: 146
Citations by year: 2026: 24 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 9
FWCI: 2.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: The Lancet (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Keywords: male hypogonadism, androgen deficiency, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, secondary hypogonadism, testosterone replacement therapy, spermatogenesis, hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, testicular diseases, diagnosis, treatment monitoring, contraindications
MeSH terms: Contraindications, Administration, Cutaneous, Administration, Oral, Affect, Androgens, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cognition Disorders, Diabetes Mellitus, Gels, Humans, Hypogonadism, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Insulin Resistance, Lipids, Male, Polycythemia, Prostatic Neoplasms, Quality of Life, Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Tablets, Testis, Testosterone, Bone Density, Patient Satisfaction, Early Diagnosis, Muscle Strength

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