More multiarm randomised trials of superiority are needed
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Including 3 intervention arms is more efficient than performing sequential 2-arm trials and increases the proportion of participants randomized to an intervention arm.
“We chose to include 3 intervention arms in this study as this is more efficient than performing sequential 2-arm trials and increases the proportion of participants randomized to an intervention arm [30].”
Cites
How to improve R&D productivity: the pharmaceutical industry's grand challenge
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Practical Guidelines for Multiplicity Adjustment in Clinical Trials
Proschan, M. A., & Waclawiw, M. A. (2000) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/s0197-2456(00)00106-9 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Sydes, M. R., Parmar, M., James, N. D., Clarke, N. W., Dearnaley, D. P., Mason, M. D., Morgan, R. C., Sanders, K., & Royston, P. J. (2009) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-10-39 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Self-citationRoyston, P. J., Parmar, M., & Qian, W. (2003) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1430 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Self-citationMulti-Arm Clinical Trials of New Agents: Some Design Considerations
Freidlin, B., Korn, E. L., Gray, R. J., & Martin, A. L. (2008) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0325 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Postmarketing drug dosage changes of 499 FDA‐approved new molecular entities, 1980–1999
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Gan, H. K., You, B., Pond, G. R., & Chen, E. X. (2012) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djs141 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Djulbegović, B. (2008) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.168.6.632 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
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Treatment Success in Cancer: Industry Compared to Publicly Sponsored Randomized Controlled Trials
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Self-citationOn the choice of doses for phase III clinical trials
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How Cancer Research UK is adapting to adaptive designs
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The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on psychological treatments research in tomorrow's science
Holmes, E. A., Ghaderi, A., Harmer, C. J., Ramchandani, P. G., Cuijpers, P., Morrison, A. P., Roiser, J. P., Bockting, C. L. H., O'Connor, R. C., Shafran, R., et al. (2018) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(17)30513-8 · Cited by 624 · see citing works
An introduction to multiplicity issues in clinical trials: the what, why, when and how
Li, G., Taljaard, M., Van den Heuvel, E. R., Levine, M. A., Cook, D. J., Wells, G. A., Devereaux, P. J., & Thabane, L. (2016) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyw320 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Reporting of Multi-Arm Parallel-Group Randomized Trials: Extension of the CONSORT 2010 Statement
Juszczak, E., Altman, D. G., Hopewell, S., & Schulz, K. (2019) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2019.3087 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Recommendations on multiple testing adjustment in multi-arm trials with a shared control group
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“We chose to include 3 intervention arms in this study as this is more efficient than performing sequential 2-arm trials and increases the proportion of participants randomized to an intervention arm [30].”
Keynejad, R. C., Bitew, T., Sorsdahl, K., Myers, B., Honikman, S., Medhin, G., Deyessa, N., Mulushoa, A., Fekadu, E., Howard, L. M., et al. (2023) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0002054 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
- Authors
- Parmar, M. K. B., Carpenter, J., & Sydes, M. R.
- Affiliations
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL (GB)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Sydes, Matthew R
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-07
- Volume
- 384
- Issue
- 9940
- Pages
- 283-284
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W2087895119
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 10.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Cancer Research UK (12127)
- Medical Research Council (MR/K006584/1, MC_EX_G0800814, MC_PC_13041)
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/G026300/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Keywords
- superiority trials, clinical trial registration, trial design, treatment efficacy
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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