Cited by 1,394Urban Transport and AccessibilityUrban Green Space and HealthPhysical Activity and Health

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Physical activity in relation to urban environments in 14 cities worldwide: a cross-sectional study

Open access

Sallis, James F, Cerin, Ester, Conway, Terry L, Adams, Marc A, Frank, Lawrence D, Pratt, Michael, Salvo, Deborah, Schipperijn, Jasper, Smith, Graham, Cain, Kelli L, Davey, Rachel, Kerr, Jacqueline, Lai, Poh-Chin, Mitáš, Josef, Reis, Rodrigo, Sarmiento, Olga L, Schofield, Grant, Troelsen, Jens, Van Dyck, Delfien, De Bourdeaudhuij, Ilse, Owen, Neville·2016·The Lancet

DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)01284-2PMC PMC10833440

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Background Physical inactivity is a global pandemic responsible for over 5 million deaths annually through its effects on multiple non-communicable diseases. We aimed to document how objectively measured attributes of the urban environment are related to objectively measured physical activity, in an international sample of adults.Methods We based our analyses on the International Physical activity and Environment Network (IPEN) adult study, which was a coordinated, international, cross-sectional study. Participants were sampled from neighbourhoods with varied levels of walkability and socioeconomic status. The present analyses of data from the IPEN adult study included 6822 adults aged 18-66 years from 14 cities in ten countries on five continents. Indicators of walkability, public transport access, and park access were assessed in 1·0 km and 0·5 km street network buffers around each participant's residential address with geographic information systems. Mean daily minutes of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity were measured with 4-7 days of accelerometer monitoring. Associations between environmental attributes and physical activity were estimated using generalised additive mixed models with gamma variance and logarithmic link functions.Results Four of six environmental attributes were significantly, positively, and linearly related to physical activity in the single variable models: net residential density (exp[b] 1·006 [95% CI 1·003-1·009]; p=0·001), intersection density (1·069 [1·011-1·130]; p=0·019), public transport density (1·037 [1·018-1·056]; p=0·0007), and number of parks (1·146 [1·033-1·272]; p=0·010). Mixed land use and distance to nearest public transport point were not related to physical activity. The difference in physical activity between participants living in the most and least activity-friendly neighbourhoods ranged from 68 min/week to 89 min/week, which represents 45-59% of the 150 min/week recommended by guidelines.Interpretation Design of urban environments has the potential to contribute substantially to physical activity. Similarity of findings across cities suggests the promise of engaging urban planning, transportation, and parks sectors in efforts to reduce the health burden of the global physical inactivity pandemic.Funding Funding for coordination of the IPEN adult study, including the present analysis, was provided by the National Cancer Institute of National Institutes of Health (CA127296) with studies in each country funded by different sources.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)01284-2

Cites

30 of 30 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach.
Guthery, F. S., Burnham, K. P., & Anderson, D. R. (2003) · The Journal of Wildlife Management · doi:10.2307/3802723 · Cited by 41,495
Generalized Additive Models: An Introduction with R
Wood, S. N. (2017) · doi:10.1201/9781315370279 · Cited by 13,852
‘Small Changes' to Diet and Physical Activity Behaviors for Weight Management
Hills, A. P., Byrne, N. M., Lindstrom, R. C., & Hill, J. O. (2013) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000345030 · Cited by 9,526
Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: An analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy
Lee, I.-M., Shiroma, E. J., Lobelo, F., Puska, P., Blair, S. N., & Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61031-9 · Cited by 8,215
Physical Activity in the United States Measured by Accelerometer
TROIANO, R. P., BERRIGAN, D., DODD, K. W., MÂSSE, L. C., TILERT, T., & MCDOWELL, M. (2008) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31815a51b3 · Cited by 7,638
Correlates of physical activity: why are some people physically active and others not?
Bauman, A. E., Reis, R. S., Sallis, J. F., Wells, J. C., Loos, R. J., & Martin, B. W. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60735-1 · Cited by 4,151
Self-citation
Calibration of the Computer Science and Applications, Inc. accelerometer
FREEDSON, P. S., MELANSON, E., & SIRARD, J. (1998) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199805000-00021 · Cited by 3,825
An ecological approach to creating active living communities
Sallis, J. F., Cervero, R. B., Ascher, W., Henderson, K. A., Kraft, M. K., & Kerr, J. (2006) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.27.021405.102100 · Cited by 3,296
Self-citation
The pandemic of physical inactivity: global action for public health
Kohl, H. W., Craig, C. L., Lambert, E. V., Inoue, S., Alkandari, J. R., Leetongin, G., & Kahlmeier, S. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60898-8 · Cited by 2,985
Fit Yourself and Take Your Lungs to Heart
Palange, P., & Bonini, M. (2013) · Respiration · doi:10.1159/000350831 · Cited by 2,780

Show all 30 references

Sorted by citations

Items 901–999 of 999

Preliminary Results of a Bicycle Training Course on Adults’ Environmental Perceptions and Their Mode of Commuting
Gálvez‐Fernández, P., Chillón, P., Aranda-Balboa, M. J., & Herrador‐Colmenero, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19063448 · Cited by 2
“Research on rates of cycling across countries is highly determined by certain contextual elements [29], such as the urban environment where the population lives [30].”
Background
NUTRITIONAL AND PHYSICAL-FITNESS FACTORS COURSING WITH NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES FROM OVERWEIGHT TO A HIGHER RISK OF VASCULAR AND LIVER OUTCOMES IN A COMMUNITY-BASED ADULTS
Kano, H. T., Burini, F. H., & Burini, R. C. (2022) · International Journal of Health Science · doi:10.22533/at.ed.1592162216033 · Cited by 3
School’s outdoor area as an educational and health-promoting resource for young teenagers
Mikalsen, H. K., Ninive, G., & Lagestad, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2022.858913 · Cited by 2
“In many countries, therefore, PA has arised as a substantial risk factor for public health (Kohl et al., 2012; Sallis et al., 2016; World Health Organization, 2019).”
Background
Safety, Green and Blue Networks, Active Mobility and Walkability
Fior, M., Galuzzi, P., Pasqui, G., & Vitillo, P. (2022) · SpringerBriefs in applied sciences and technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08958-9_4 · Cited by 2
Healthy Active Aging Can Help Urban Populations Be More Resilient to Changing Environments
Hunter, R. F., & Ávila-Palència, I. (2022) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2022-0449 · Cited by 2
“6 9 Paradoxically, these same environments might increase scope for social connections, interactions, and behaviors, which are good for cognitive health.”
Background
Examining Place-Based Neighborhood Factors in a Multisite Peer-Led Healthy Lifestyle Effectiveness Trial for People with Serious Mental Illness
Salvo, D., Reséndiz, E., Stefančić, A., & Cabassa, L. J. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20095679 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Ciclovias, atividade física no lazer e hipertensão arterial: um estudo longitudinal
Florindo, A. A., Goulardins, G. S., & Teixeira, I. P. (2023) · Estudos Avançados · doi:10.1590/s0103-4014.2023.37109.008 · Cited by 2
Examining the Influence of Neighborhood Factors on Older Adult Health in a Developing Country
Tan, T. H., & Kim, Y. J. (2023) · Journal of Aging and Environment · doi:10.1080/26892618.2023.2269557 · Cited by 2
“It is becoming more widely accepted that older adults with convenient access to nearby amenities within walking distance are more likely to experience successful aging (Sallis et al., 2016).”
International experience in assessing the impact of the urban environment on the population physical activity level
Zinovyeva, V. A., Lopatina, M. V., Oussova, E. V., Popovich, M. V., Васильевна, К. А., & Drapkina, O. M. (2023) · Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.17116/profmed20232611191 · Cited by 2
Health equity in urban and rural settings: implementation of the place standard tool in Spain
Ortiz, A. O., Gea-Caballero, V., Juárez‐Vela, R., Peiró, R., Pérez‐Sanz, E., Santolalla‐Arnedo, I., Sufrate‐Sorzano, T., Garrote‐Cámara, M. E., & Paredes-Carbonell, J. J. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1292032 · Cited by 2
Mapping Emotional Landscapes: Understanding the Interplay of Emotions and the Built Environment in Potenza, Italy
Murgante, B., Mazzarelli, G., Yamu, C., & Annunziata, A. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-65238-7_14 · Cited by 2
The Role of Health Education in Preventing Chronic Diseases
Maccido, H. M. (2024) · African Journal of Sports and Physical Sciences · doi:10.62154/ajsps.2024.02.010384 · Cited by 3
“For example, the "Let's Move!" campaign in the United States aimed to increase physical activity among children and adolescents through school-based interventions, community programs, and public awareness efforts (Bennett, 2017).”
Background
Qualitative exploration of determinants of active mobility and social participation in Urban neighborhoods: individual perceptions over objective factors?
Bollenbach, L., Kanning, M. K., & Niermann, C. Y. N. (2024) · Archives of Public Health · doi:10.1186/s13690-024-01408-z · Cited by 2
“…and SocPar in urban environments depend on various factors: On the one hand, the built-(e.g., availability of amenities and infrastructure [24, 25]), natural-(e.g., greenspaces and parks [26, 27]), and social (e.g., population density, social interactions [28, 29]) environment are relevant [30–32].”
Background
Fatores associados à participação em programas comunitários de atividade física: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2019
Alves, M. D. S., Silva, R. J. D. S., Santana, C. M., Martins, H. L., Menezes, L. D. S., & Simões, V. D. A. (2024) · Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde · doi:10.12820/rbafs.29e0353 · Cited by 2
Urban Built Environment as a Predictor for Coronary Heart Disease—A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Machine Learning
Jiang, D., Guo, F., Zhang, Z., Yu, X., Dong, J., Zhang, H., & Zhang, Z. (2024) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings14124024 · Cited by 2
Mental health facility visits before and after the outbreak of COVID-19: The role of walkable built environment
Han, C., Koo, B. W., & Hwang, U. (2025) · Journal of Transport & Health · doi:10.1016/j.jth.2025.102037 · Cited by 2
The role of environmental access to exercise opportunities in cardiovascular mortality: evidence from a nationwide study
Wang, X., Gu, Y., Wang, Y., Qiu, Y., Chen, T., Hopke, P. K., Zhang, K., Lin, S., Qu, Y., Lin, Z., et al. (2025) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-025-04060-8 · Cited by 4
“…cities may also excel in creating a physical and social environment that promotes physical activity through urban environments design strategies such as increasing net residential density, public transport density, and park density, thereby enhancing active transportation and walkability [32, 33].”
Open gyms and physical activity in a university setting: A mixed-methods study from Varanasi, India
Vatta, L., Pandey, U., Pandey, A., Yelam, B., & Rathi, N. (2025) · Journal of Health Population and Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s41043-025-00916-0 · Cited by 4
“Based on the social ecological approach, the adoption of physical activity behaviors is a result of individuals’ interactions with their social and physical environments [13, 17, 18].”
Obesity–Housing Nexus: An Integrative Conceptualization of the Impact of Housing and Built Environment on Obesity
Rana, K., & Chimoriya, R. (2025) · Obesities · doi:10.3390/obesities5030064 · Cited by 2
“For instance, individuals living in neighborhoods with poor walkability and limited access to recreational facilities may face barriers to physical activity, regardless of their personal motivation [24–26].”
Association between Urban public service facility density and chronic disease Incidence: empirical evidence from Texas, the US
Ma, F., Yuan, Y., & Tang, Y. (2025) · Frontiers of Urban and Rural Planning · doi:10.1007/s44243-025-00061-6 · Cited by 2
“…shows that increases in the density, quantity, and accessibility of these facilities effectively enhance opportunities for physical activity, reducing the incidence of chronic diseases such as obesity and hypertension (Bell et al., 2008; Cranney et al., 2016; Sallis et al., 2016; Xu et al., 2015).”
Den organiserede idræts betydning for fysisk aktivitet under Corona
Ibsen, B., & Høyer-Kruse, J. (2021) · Forum for idræt · doi:10.7146/ffi.v37i1.129412 · Cited by 2
Built environment and physical activity for the elderly: a systematic review of South Ame
de Paiva, H. K., de Camargo, É. M., & Reis, R. S. (2018) · Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde · doi:10.12820/rbafs.23e0024 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Características do ambiente físico e organizacional para a prática de atividade física nas escolas de Curitiba, Brasil
da Silva, A. A. D. P., Lopes, A. A. D. S., Prado, C. V., Hino, A. A. F., & Reis, R. S. (2018) · Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde · doi:10.12820/rbafs.23e0027 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Placemaking and the right to the city of urban poor: a case studyin Sanandaj, Iran
Irandoost, K., Doostvandi, M., Litman, T. A., & Azami, M. (2019) · Journal of Place Management and Development · doi:10.1108/jpmd-03-2018-0027 · Cited by 2
Migration and Food Consumption: The Impact of Culture and Country of Origin on Obesity as an Indicator of Human Health
Arbel, Y., Fialkoff, C., & Kerner, A. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12187567 · Cited by 2
“Other potential reasons for obesity differences may be related to genetics [17], nutrition, lack of physical activity [18] and relationship to urban environment, and lack of vitamin D absorption ([1,13,20,21]).”
Background
Importance of the perceived barriers about psychosocial variables in the active commuters: A cross-sectional study in youths
Vaquero‐Solís, M., Tapia‐Serrano, M. Á., Herrero, D. C., Marques, A., Sarmento, H., Prieto, J. P., & Miguel, P. A. S. (2021) · Journal of Transport & Health · doi:10.1016/j.jth.2021.101076 · Cited by 2
ASSOCIAÇÕES GÊNERO-ESPECÍFICAS DA CAMINHABILIDADE: CAMINHADA, USO DO SOLO E CARACTERÍSTICAS SOCIODEMOGRÁFICAS
Leão, A. L. F., & Kanashiro, M. (2021) · Oculum Ensaios · doi:10.24220/2318-0919v19e2022a5061 · Cited by 2
The Development of the Psychological Determinants of Exercise Questionnaire for Japanese Older Adults: A Questionnaire Based Upon the Theoretical Domains Framework
Walker, R. A. J., & Harada, K. (2022) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2021-0218 · Cited by 2
Caminabilidad y movilidad en ciudades medias: un análisis a partir de los desplazamientos escolares
Ruiz-Apilánez, B., Trapero, E. S., Gutiérrez, I. G. C., & Galán-Álvarez, A. (2022) · Ciudad y territorio: Estudios territoriales · doi:10.37230/cytet.2022.m22.2 · Cited by 2
Análise da contribuição de intervenções de promoção da saúde: o caso do Programa Academia da Cidade Recife, Pernambuco
Cazarin, G., Figueiró, A. C., Dias, S., & Hartz, Z. (2022) · Physis Revista de Saúde Coletiva · doi:10.1590/s0103-73312022320303 · Cited by 4
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND LIFE SATISFACTION AMONG ADULT RUSSIANS
Gromova, D., & Алексеевна, Х. Н. (2023) · Social Aspects of Population Health · doi:10.21045/2071-5021-2023-69-1-5 · Cited by 3
BioCities as Promotors of Health and Well-being
Ubalde-López, M., Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J., Spano, G., Sanesi, G., Calfapietra, C., Meyer-Grandbastien, A., O’Brien, L., Aalmo, G. O., Salbitano, F., Wilkes‐Allemann, J., et al. (2023) · Future city · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-29466-2_6 · Cited by 2
Associations between older adults’ going-out frequency and land price of neighbourhoods: Potency of land price as an indicator of homebound tendency
Sakamoto, K., Hino, K., Hanazato, M., Asami, Y., & Kondo, K. (2023) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2023.105150 · Cited by 2
Associação de Nível de Renda e Doença Isquêmica do Coração: Papel Potencial da Caminhabilidade
Cerci, R., Fernandes-Silva, M. M., Vitola, J. V., Cerci, J. J., Neto, C. C. P., Masukawa, M., Gracia, A. P. W., Silvello, L. L., Prado, P., Guedes, M. H., et al. (2023) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.36660/abc.20220844 · Cited by 2
A Model Walkability Index for Sustainable Urban Mobility of a Region: The Case of Soccsksargen- A Transdisciplinary Research Approach
Ang, M. T., Taclendo, C., & Robles, A. C. M. O. (2023) · Global Sustainability Research · doi:10.56556/gssr.v2i4.604 · Cited by 2
“Details of environments, including sidewalk and crossing quality and aesthetics, are believed to affect people's confidence, comfort, and safety for walking in neighborhoods (Sallis et al., 2016), but they have been less well-studied.”
Background
Restructuring Priorities: Rethinking Economic Growth for a More Active Future
Noonan, R. J. (2023) · Leisure Sciences · doi:10.1080/01490400.2023.2285946 · Cited by 2
“…lifestyle either, like shorter working hours, greater recreational time, shorter daily commutes, traffic-calming measures, and walkable neighborhoods (Bannai & Tamakoshi, 2014; De Vos et al., 2023; Garcia et al. 2022; Mattioli et al., 2020; Pucher, 1990; Sallis et al., 2016; Voglino et al., 2022).”
Walking to work: The role of walkability around the workplace in a Dutch adult commuting population
Osmënaj, T., Lam, T. M., Wagtendonk, A., & den Braver, N. R. (2023) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101578 · Cited by 3
“Neighborhood walkability has been shown to be associated with higher total PA in an international study across 12 countries worldwide (Sallis et al., 2016) and lower risk of type 2 diabetes (Den Braver et al., 2018).”
Background
The Living Environment and Physical Activity
Oppert, J., & Charreire, H. (2022) · doi:10.1002/9781119695257.ch7 · Cited by 2
Effects of walkability on physical activity and obesity: a prospective observational study protocol
Zhang, Y., Chen, S., Shi, J., & Chen, Z. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034882 · Cited by 1
Strategic Negotiation Factors in Participating at Recreational Sport Activities Aiming at the Well-being and the Presentation of Perma Scale for the Greek Population
Yfantidou, G., Noutsou, A., Balaska, P., Bebetsos, E., Papaioannou, A., & Spyridopoulou, E. (2021) · Springer proceedings in business and economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-72469-6_5 · Cited by 1
Inactividad física en docentes de una facultad de salud
Pareja, M. G., Aguirre, C. L., García, K. V. H., & Muñoz-Rodríguez, D. I. (2023) · Revista CES Salud Pública y Epidemiología · doi:10.21615/cesspe.6872 · Cited by 3
“Adicionalmente, se evidencia que existen otros factores que influyen en la realización de AF como lo son el lugar de residencia y el estrato socioeconómico; al revisar diferentes estudios (43, 44) se encontró que aquellas personas que viven en lugares con menor densidad poblacional, cerca de parques y en vecindarios t…”
Background
SOCIO-SPATIAL CONDITIONS OF THE MODERN URBAN HABITAT OF BISHKEK RESIDENTS
Abdygulova, I. B., Alymbaev, A. S., Kurmanova, A. R., Akmatov, I. M., & Kasymova, R. O. (2023) · Научное обозрение Медицинские науки (Scientific Review Medical Sciences) · doi:10.17513/srms.1347 · Cited by 1
“), с созданием рекреационных зон тротуарного движения для пешеходов с детьми и другие мероприятия, что может способствовать физической активности горожан различного возраста для стран Европейского союза [10, 12].”
Scrutinising the Plan-Ability of Outdoor Recreation in the Swedish Compact City: Continuing and Discontinuing Modernist Planning Legacies
Engström, A. (2024) · Planning Theory & Practice · doi:10.1080/14649357.2024.2356581 · Cited by 1
“‘Walkable’ neighbourhoods with mixed-use functions are frequently claimed to have positive health effects (Heinen et al., 2010; Sallis et al., 2016).”
Background
An alternative perspective on the relationship between multiscale built environments and walking behavior: evidence from the government-subsidized resettlement towns in China
Wang, J., & Jing, H. (2025) · Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering · doi:10.1080/13467581.2025.2455016 · Cited by 1
“Studies have shown that the sociodemographic composition of a neighborhood plays a fundamental role in explaining residents’ walking behavior (Sallis, Cerin, and Conway 2016; Cohen et al. 2019; Tao et al. 2021).”
Determinants of Non-Communicable Diseases among Urban Low-Income Populations
Rawal, S. V. (2025) · Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences · doi:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1592_24 · Cited by 1
“[6] Furthermore, smoking and alcohol consumption, which are more common among disadvantaged populations, have been identified as significant risk factors for NCDs. [7,8]”
Influence of systematic standard and Nordic walking training on exercise tolerance and body weight components in women over 55 years of age
Knappova, V., Dorota, K., Witkowska, A., Kavalířová, G., Zbigniew, N., Gabrys, T. T., & Agata, N.-L. (2025) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2025.1568491 · Cited by 1
Spatial Distribution and Quality Status of Open Green Spaces and Parks in Calabar Metropolitan Area, Cross River State, Nigeria
Obiefuna, J. N., Inah, E. O., Nkong, M. P., & Ekong, A. E. (2025) · Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae · doi:10.21697/seb.5844 · Cited by 1
“Physical Health; reduced risk of chronic diseases (Sullivan et al. 2019), improved air quality (Nowak et al. 2018), Increased physical activity (Sallis et al. 2016), Mental Health: Reduced stress levels (Kaplan 1995), Improved mood and reduced symptoms of depression (Sullivan et al. 2019), Improved…”
Pavements to Longevity: The Influence of Neighborhood Walkability on Mortality in Taiwan
Zeng, Y., Rudge, G. M., Yu, T., Chen, W., Chong, K. C., Huang, Y., Thomas, G. N., & Lao, X. Q. (2025) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp15209 · Cited by 1
“19,51 Because 640 meters falls between the 500 – 1,000 meter range, we Environmental Health Perspectives 057018-7 133(5) May 2025 believe it is a reasonable measure.”
Designing for Blue Zone Neighborhoods
Lima, F., & Yates, J. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-9704-6.ch013 · Cited by 1
Determinantes conductuales y salud cardiovascular: influencia de la actividad física en estudiantes universitarios
Fernández, L. A. F., Gregorio, M. G. V., Reyes, Á. A. Y. H., Ortiz, J. B. U., Gómez, F. M., & Sampieri-Cabrera, R. (2024) · Psic-Obesidad · doi:10.22201/fesz.20075502e.2024.14.53.89441 · Cited by 1
Physical Activity Levels Among Elderly Residents in Small Remote Islands in Japan
Kosaka, S., Ohnishi, M., Kawasaki, R., Umezaki, M., & Nakao, R. (2025) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.70089 · Cited by 1
Environmental and psychosocial correlates of physical activity in pregnant women: a study protocol
Margaix-Fontestad, L., Molina‐García, J., Arriero-Hurtado, B., Asensi-Tarín, J., & Queralt, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Global Women s Health · doi:10.3389/fgwh.2025.1450342 · Cited by 1
Using smartphone step counts to monitor patients with total hip arthroplasty: The impact of patients’ living arrangements and residential location
Yamate, S., Hamai, S., Konishi, T., Nakao, Y., Inoue, T., Motomura, G., & Nakashima, Y. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0326338 · Cited by 1
The rise of unmanned gyms: innovation, spatiotemporal characteristics, and the future of urban fitness
Peng, T., Liang, W., Zhang, J., & Zhang, Z. (2025) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2025.1574966 · Cited by 1
The roadmap for creating a novel outdoor activity space in a rehabilitation hospital setting: the OASIS program initiative
Levinger, P., Hall, J., & Hill, K. (2025) · Archives of Public Health · doi:10.1186/s13690-025-01668-3 · Cited by 1
“The design of environments in various settings (hospital, community, independent living) can lead to greater opportunities to engage in incidental movements and mobility, as well as overall physical activity, which can result in a reduction in poor health outcomes for older people [8, 9].”
Health-Supportive Environments
Thompson, S. M., & Kent, J. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-0821-5_152-1 · Cited by 1
The “pressure” of being an adolescent in the West Bank, Palestine: prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension
Hamideh, D., Zabadi, H. A., Crespo, N. C., Alcaraz, J. E., Mansour, M., Real, M., Hamideh, B., Ahmadi, N., Mahmoud, L., & Strong, D. R. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1620629 · Cited by 1
Optimal dose of green and blue spaces at home for improving kidney health: A population-weighted analysis
Yang, Y., SULLIVAN, W. C., Luo, L., Huan, L., Wang, L., Webster, C. J., & Jiang, B. (2025) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2025.129026 · Cited by 2
Municipal officials’ perspectives on challenges and opportunities in shaping urban built environments for active living in Thailand: a qualitative study
Topothai, T., Topothai, C., Petrunoff, N., Tangcharoensathien, V., Suphanchaimat, R., & Müller‐Riemenschneider, F. (2025) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2025-019383 · Cited by 1
Associations between walkability and physical activity among children and adolescents: evidence from a gamified intervention
Eipel, L., Teich, P., Arntz, F., Scheller, D. A., Mall, C., & Ellinger, J. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-25317-0 · Cited by 2
“The finding’s consistency across cities indicates the potential value of engaging the urban planning, transportation, and parks sectors in efforts to mitigate the health consequences of global physical inactivity [34].”
Effect of Urban Infrastructure on Physical Activity and Health Indicators: The Case of the City of Kaunas, Lithuania
Rapalavičius, A., Venclovienė, J., Dėdelė, A., & Andrušaitytė, S. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su172210006 · Cited by 1
Resident Satisfaction-Based Evaluation Framework and Policy Optimization for Small-Town Infrastructure: Evidence from Wuhan, China
Zhou, Z., Duan, X., & Tan, Y. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su172210223 · Cited by 2
Nationwide evidence from China on the dose–response between environmental fitness support and physical activity
Pan, X., Chen, X., Gao, Y., Jiang, L., Hu, H., Suzuki, K., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-24216-z · Cited by 1
“Control variables for all multivariable models were selected a priori based on established literature 14–16 identifying key socio-demographic determinants of physical activity and included age, gender, urban/rural residence, ethnicity, occupation, educational attainment, and annual household income.”
Associations Between the Built Environment and Physical Activity in Urban Asia: A Systematic Review
Topothai, T., Topothai, C., Edney, S. M., Zheng, S., Tay, Z., Tangcharoensathien, V., & Müller‐Riemenschneider, F. (2025) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2025-0359 · Cited by 1
Examining the Nonlinear Relationship Between Built Environment and Residents’ Leisure Travel Distance: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China
Xu, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, H., Huang, J., Huang, Y., & Luo, M. (2025) · Land · doi:10.3390/land14122392 · Cited by 1
Assessment of Risk of Diabetes Among Indian Population Aged ≥45 Years: Evidence from Longitudinal Aging Study in India
Mamgai, A., Halder, P., & Nongkynrih, B. (2025) · International Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_178_24 · Cited by 1
“[22] They may reduce the outdoor spaces available for physical activity.”
Rethinking and comprehensive planning of the floating city concept
Ruzzo, C., Cacurri, M. L., & Arena, F. (2026) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-026-03218-3 · Cited by 1
“The combination of these factors encourage physical activity and healthy use of the outdoor spaces 54 .”
Occupation type, home and work environments, and physical activity and sedentary behaviour
Adhikari, B., Hong, A., Johnson, E., Fisher, P., & Frank, L. D. (2026) · Journal of Transport & Health · doi:10.1016/j.jth.2026.102269 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Assessment of simultaneous accessibility walking index (SAWI) to essential opportunities
Miranda-Parra, S. M., & Ospina, J. P. (2026) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2026.106885 · Cited by 1
The association between midlife neighbourhood walkability and Alzheimer’s disease in women: a prospective nested case–control study
Walker, E. J., Wu, F., Rundle, A., Hua, S., Quinn, J. W., Neckerman, K. M., Afanasyeva, Y., Arslan, A. A., Koenig, K. L., Zeleniuch‐Jacquotte, A., et al. (2026) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afag054 · Cited by 1
Associating geospatially assessed walkability with population health physical activity indicators from urban and regional settings: A case study from Tasmania, Australia
Campbell, S. L., Ngwa, V. F., Both, A., Davern, M. T., Jose, K., Timperio, A. F., Garvey, K., & Cleland, V. J. (2026) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.anzjph.2026.100316 · Cited by 1
How do trait self-control constructs and discounting relate to each other and to modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease?
Kókai, L. L., Ceallaigh, D. O., Wijtzes, A. I., Groeniger, J. O., Rohde, K. I. M., van Kippersluis, H., & Burdorf, A. (2026) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-026-00640-y · Cited by 1
“Secondly, environmental factors also have an impor - tant influence on these risk factors (Sallis et al., 2016; Swin - burn et al., 2011).”
Stage-environment fit in high-pressure contexts: differential buffering effects of family support types on adolescent physical activity and sedentary time
Li, W., Huang, J., Jia, H., Han, C., & Ma, D. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1788866 · Cited by 1
Public health approaches to combating childhood obesity in india: a mini‑review
Challa, S. R., Bansal, N., Mahajan, H., Dash, B., & Kulkarni, B. (2026) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/s41430-026-01742-1 · Cited by 2
“Importantly, social determinants such as poverty, food insecurity, unsafe public spaces and inequitable food access magnify exposure to obesogenic conditions and widen health disparities [16, 34, 36].”
Counter-intuitive heat adaptation: How 360° behavioral tracking reveals unexpected park design solutions for urban climate resilience
Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Zou, C., Ma, W., Wang, Y. H., Hua, Y., & Long, Y. (2026) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2026.107401 · Cited by 1
Walkable neighborhoods are associated with lower psychological distress through device-measured physical activity: Evidence from the All of Us Research Program, United States
Lee, J., Yan, Y., Chen, C., & Kim, E. S. (2026) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108589 · Cited by 1
Assessing environmental and policy influences on bike-sharing: Evidence from Trondheim, Norway
Wismadi, M. T., Frøyen, Y. K., & Nielsen, T. A. S. (2026) · Case Studies on Transport Policy · doi:10.1016/j.cstp.2026.101828 · Cited by 1
Barriers to self-care in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: a qualitative study
Liu, Y., Wang, X., Zhang, B. Y., Liu, X., Zhu, H., Liu, Y., Matarese, M., & Wang, L. (2026) · Journal of research in nursing · doi:10.1177/17449871261428434 · Cited by 1
Global trends in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: understanding trajectories through conceptual frameworks
Bharti, D., Verma, M., Kalra, S., Kumar, S., Pisudde, P., Kapoor, N., & Kakkar, R. (2026) · HORMONES · doi:10.1007/s42000-026-00791-2 · Cited by 1
Association of Park Size, Access and Neighbourhood Walkability with Physical Activity and Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Fazli, G. S., Polsky, J. Y., Johns, A., Gozdyra, P., Luo, J., & Booth, G. L. (2026) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph23060787 · Cited by 1
“Studies examining the association between neighbourhood greenspace and physical activity have been largely positive and the patterns we observed are similar to those seen in other studies from Australia, Europe, the United States, Canada, and Central America [3,9,20,46].”
Neighborhood Hostility is Associated With the Relationship Between Park Proximity and Physical Activity Among Youth: National Evidence From Chile
de Souza-Lima, J., Barahona-Fuentes, G. D. F., Hernández, P. A. F., & Ferrari, G. (2026) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2026.05.010 · Cited by 1
Scale-sensitive urban vitality diagnosis and sub-district vitality–aging mismatch: A multi-source framework for age-friendly urban renewal in Nanjing, China
Xie, F., Li, X.-F., Sun, Y., Sun, X.-J., & Wang, Z.-Q. (2026) · Frontiers of Architectural Research · doi:10.1016/j.foar.2026.06.005 · Cited by 1
Exploring the exposome and unexplained variance in epigenetic ageing – Insights from a longitudinal twin study in adolescence and early adulthood
Opperbeck, A., Wang, Z., Rautiainen, I., Heikkinen, A., Kaprio, J. A., Ollikainen, M., Sebert, S. P., & Sillanpää, E. (2026) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2026.110430 · Cited by 1
From spectacle to movement? Associations between major sport event perception and sport participation behavior among Host-City residents
Zhang, Q., Zhang, T., & Xie, Z. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1904469 · Cited by 1
“Repeated-measure surveys, longitudinal panel designs, and comparisons between host-city and non-host-city residents would provide stronger evidence regarding temporal ordering and possible behavioral change (84, 85).”
Predictors of long-term resistance exercise adherence: evidence from a large cohort of mobile app users of various experience levels
Conti, F., Marzagao, T., Galpin, A. J., & Schoenfeld, B. J. (2026) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2026.1855668 · Cited by 1
Opportunity constraints and social inequalities in exercise participation: a lagged analysis using CFPS 2018–2022
Zhang, X., & Li, W. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1889919 · Cited by 1
Walkability as the key element of urban planning within the Healthy Cities concept (systematic review)
Александровна, В. Н., Камынина, Н. Н., Korotkova, E. О., & Voshev, D. V. (2020) · Health Care of the Russian Federation · doi:10.46563/0044-197x-2020-64-5-294-300 · Cited by 1
Assortative Marriage for Height–BMI in an Israeli Sample
Arbel, Y., Fialkoff, C., & Kerner, A. (2020) · Marriage & Family Review · doi:10.1080/01494929.2020.1859039 · Cited by 1
Cardiovascular Risk and Hypertensive patients’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on Modifiable Risk Factors in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Remy, K. B., Philippe, L. N., François, L. B., Jean-Pierre, F. L., & Lutala, P. M. (2021) · Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care · doi:10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210702.14 · Cited by 1
“Further, Sub-Saharan Africa share some other characteristics such as poor diets, [11] inactivity, [12] high tobacco and alcohol use.”
Background
Do Ultra-Orthodox Israeli Jews Suffer more than Secular Israeli Jews from Obesity? Gender, Cohort Effect and the Yule–Simpson Paradox
Arbel, Y., Fialkoff, C., & Kerner, A. (2022) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-022-01666-7 · Cited by 1
Illuminating fuzziness about Istanbul's urban growth dynamics through the lens of climate change impact with fuzzy modelling
Kazancı, G. (2023) · MEGARON / Yıldız Technical University Faculty of Architecture E-Journal · doi:10.14744/megaron.2023.03367 · Cited by 1
An online project scoping tool to facilitate health-promoting built environment decisions by non-health professionals
Gakh, M., McDonough, M., Coughenour, C., Bungum, N. W., Meacham, M., Bungum, T. J., & Pharr, J. R. (2024) · Journal of Transport & Health · doi:10.1016/j.jth.2024.101785 · Cited by 1
Activité physique, sport et alimentation durable(s)
Goncalves, A., & Feillet‐Coudray, C. (2024) · Cahiers de Nutrition et de Diététique · doi:10.1016/j.cnd.2024.05.003 · Cited by 1
Factors Shaping Attitudes Toward Walking to the Grocery Store and Their Influence on Behaviors
Yu, C.-Y. (2024) · Findings · doi:10.32866/001c.123352 · Cited by 1
Spor Yönetiminde Dijital Dönüşüm: Metaverse ve Teknolojinin Gücü
Dertli, M. E., & Dertli, Ş. (2024) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub641.c2783 · Cited by 1
Herkes İçin Spor: Toplumda Hareketlilik ve Aktif Yaşamı Teşvik Etmek
Kurudirek, M. İ. (2024) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub641.c2787 · Cited by 1
Excessive body weight and its contributing factors in visually impaired patients in northwest Ethiopia, 2024
Ashenef, B., Yimenu, B. W., Osman, E. E., Sinamaw, D., Baye, G., Teffera, Z. H., Getinet, M., Adugna, A., Mengistu, E. F., Baylie, T., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1514308 · Cited by 1
15-Minute City Model
Bencekri, M., & Lee, S. (2025) · Sustainable development goals series · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-5146-7_2 · Cited by 1
Mapping the Complex Systems That Connects the Urban Environment to Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: A Group Model Building Study
Ávila-Palència, I., García, L., Cleland, C., McGuinness, B., Power, J. M., McKnight, A. J., Meehan, C., & Hunter, R. F. (2025) · Systems · doi:10.3390/systems13070606 · Cited by 1

Authors: Sallis, J. F., Cerin, E., Conway, T. L., Adams, M. A., Frank, L. D., Pratt, M., Salvo, D., Schipperijn, J., Smith, G., Cain, K. L., Davey, R., Kerr, J., Lai, P.-C., Mitáš, J., Reis, R., Sarmiento, O. L., Schofield, G., Troelsen, J., Van Dyck, D., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., & Owen, N.
Affiliations: University of California San Diego (US)
Australian Catholic University (AU)
Arizona State University (US)
University of British Columbia (CA)
Emory University (US)
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (MX)
University of Southern Denmark (DK)
University of Staffordshire (GB)
University of Canberra (AU)
Palacký University Olomouc (CZ)
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (BR)
Universidad de Los Andes (CO)
Auckland University of Technology (NZ)
Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (AU)
Corresponding author: Sallis, James F
ORCID: Sallis, James F
Cerin, Ester
Conway, Terry L
Adams, Marc A
Frank, Lawrence D
Pratt, Michael
Salvo, Deborah
Schipperijn, Jasper
Cain, Kelli L
Davey, Rachel
Kerr, Jacqueline
Mitáš, Josef
Reis, Rodrigo
Sarmiento, Olga L
Schofield, Grant
Troelsen, Jens
Owen, Neville
Venue: The Lancet
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2016-05
Volume: 387
Issue: 10034
Pages: 2207-2217
ISSN: 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
0140-6736
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)01284-2
PMC: PMC10833440
OpenAlex: W2323455124
Cited by: 1,394
References: 30
Citations by year: 2026: 202 · 2025: 157 · 2024: 127 · 2023: 125 · 2022: 127 · 2021: 142 · 2020: 153 · 2019: 116 · 2018: 127 · 2017: 88 · 2016: 30
FWCI: 198.15
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: The Lancet (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
University of Canberra Research Portal (submittedVersion)
Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
Staffordshire Online Repository (Staffordshire University) (submittedVersion)
Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
HK Research Grants Council (HKU740907H, 747807H)
University of Hong Kong University Research Council
NIH (R01 HL67350)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01 CA127296 (NCI))
Colciencias (519_2010)
Australian Research Council (FT3 140100085)
National Health and Medical Research Council (569940)
NHMRC
Victorian Government
Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MSM 6198959221)
Health Research Council of New Zealand (07/356)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Foundation
Medical Research Council
CDC Foundation
Topics: Social Sciences › Transportation › Urban Transport and Accessibility
Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban Green Space and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Keywords: physical activity, urban environment, walkability, housing density, intersection density, public transport accessibility, park accessibility, land use, physical inactivity, neighbourhood design, urban planning, accelerometer-measured activity, cross-city comparison, non-communicable diseases, socioeconomic status, mixed land use, parks and recreation, transport infrastructure, built environment and health
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cities, City Planning, Cross-Sectional Studies, Environment Design, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Urban Health, Exercise, Walking, Monitoring, Ambulatory, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Physical activity in relation to urban environments in 14 cities worldwide: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks