The history and fate of the gold standard

Writing at the Margin: Discourse Between Anthropology and Medicine

Rothstein, W. G. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530480076048 · Cited by 495

Double Standards, Scientific Methods, and Epidemiologic Research

Feinstein, A. R., & Horwitz, R. I. (1982) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198212233072604 · Cited by 167

Critical analysis of coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a 30-year journey.

Favaloro, R. (1998) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(97)00559-7 · Cited by 130

Are Randomized Trials Appropriate for Evaluating New Operations?

Bonchek, L. I. (1979) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197907053010110 · Cited by 103

Evidence-Based Medicine and the Search for a Science of Clinical Care

Godwin, M. S. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.294.11.1429-a · Cited by 88

Time to abolish "gold standard"

Duggan, P. (1992) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.304.6841.1568-b · Cited by 36

What Is Specific to Biomedicine?

Kleinman, A. (1997) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/california/9780520209657.003.0002 · Cited by 14

The development of fair tests of treatments

Chalmers, I. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60821-7 · Cited by 11

Basal metabolic rate and risk of multiple sclerosis: a Mendelian randomization study

Liu, C., Lu, Y., Chen, J., Qiu, W., Zhan, Y., & Liu, Z. (2022) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-022-00973-y · Cited by 6

A systematic two-sample and bidirectional MR process highlights a unidirectional genetic causal effect of allergic diseases on COVID-19 infection/severity

Chen, X., Zhi, S., Han, X., Jiang, J.-W., Liu, G., & Rao, S. (2024) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-024-04887-4 · Cited by 6

Causal associations between atrial fibrillation and breast cancer: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis

Gong, Z., Hu, M., Yang, Y., & Yin, C. (2024) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.7067 · Cited by 4

The Role of Economic Evaluation in Dissemination and Implementation Research

Dopp, A. R., Walker, S., & Raghavan, R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197660690.003.0011 · Cited by 6

Improving the validity of noninterventional comparative effectiveness research by basing study design on a specified existing randomized controlled trial

Wing, K., & Leyrat, C. (2024) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwae317 · Cited by 6

Randomized Clinical Trial or Real-World Evidence: How Historical Events, Public Demand, and the Resulting Laws and Regulations Shaped the Body of Medical Evidence

Mackowiak, J. I., Mack, C. D., Irwin, D. E., & Zura, R. (2021) · Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma · doi:10.1097/bot.0000000000002040 · Cited by 7

The necessity of validity diagnostics when drawing causal inferences from observational data: lessons from a multi-database evaluation of the risk of non-infectious uveitis among patients exposed to Remicade®

Weaver, J. C., Voss, E. A., Cafri, G., Beyrau, K. K., Nashleanas, M., & Suruki, R. (2024) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-024-02428-7 · Cited by 5

The Causal Effect of Parent–Child Interactions on Child Language Development at 3 and 4 Years

Brushe, M. E., Mittinty, M., Gregory, T. A., Haag, D. G., Lynch, J. W., Reilly, S., Melhuish, E. C., & Brinkman, S. A. (2025) · International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders · doi:10.1111/1460-6984.70045 · Cited by 5

HIT-6 and EQ-5D-5L in patients with migraine: assessment of common latent constructs and development of a mapping algorithm

Gonçalves, A. S. O., Пантели, Д., Neeb, L., Kurth, T., & Aigner, A. (2021) · The European Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1007/s10198-021-01342-9 · Cited by 7

Robustness of field studies evaluating biodiversity responses to invasive species management in New Zealand

Allen, R. B., Forsyth, D. M., MacKenzie, D. I., & Peltzer, D. A. (2022) · New Zealand Journal of Ecology · doi:10.20417/nzjecol.47.3503 · Cited by 5

A Systematic Quality Review of Single-Case Experimental Designs Using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Adult Clinical Populations

Luck, S. A. M., Moghaddam, N. G., & Dawson, D. L. (2024) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2024.01.008 · Cited by 5

Methodological proposals for developing trustworthy recommendations of integrative Chinese-Western medicine

Lai, H., Sun, M., Pan, B., Han, B., Lu, T., Fang, L., Liu, J., & Ge, L. (2024) · Integrative Medicine Research · doi:10.1016/j.imr.2024.101046 · Cited by 5

A Mendelian randomization study on the causal effects of cigarette smoking on liver fibrosis and cirrhosis

Guo, L., An, Y., Huang, X., Liu, W., Chen, F., Fan, Y., Gao, S., Han, L., & Wang, K. (2024) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1390049 · Cited by 5

Doing Sociology in the Age of ‘Evidence-Based Research’: Scientific Epistemology versus Political Dominance

Saiani, P. P. (2017) · The American Sociologist · doi:10.1007/s12108-017-9358-9 · Cited by 6

Trial emulation and survival analysis for disease incidence registers: A case study on the causal effect of pre‐emptive kidney transplantation

Parra, C. O., Waernbaum, I., Schön, S., & Goetghebeur, E. J. T. (2022) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.9503 · Cited by 5

Gold Standards in Periodontics: A Review

Koirala, P. K., & Pradhan, S. (2021) · Journal of Nepalese Society of Periodontology and Oral Implantology · doi:10.3126/jnspoi.v5i1.38194 · Cited by 5

Quantifying structural selection bias in observational cohort data: a ponderation analysis of age - specific incidence rates to inform vaccine safety verification

Roccetti, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1754809 · Cited by 4

Epistemology of the side effect: anecdote and evidence in the digital age

Lentacker, A. (2022) · BioSocieties · doi:10.1057/s41292-022-00293-5 · Cited by 4

The role of relative advantage for development of sequencing‐based diagnostics for pediatric cancer in low‐ and middle‐income countries

Berger, A., Rennie, S., Aijaz, J., Johnson, L., Antillón‐Klussmann, F., Roberts, M. C., Chitsike, I., Kambugu, J., Saha, V., Bhakta, N. H., et al. (2023) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.35065 · Cited by 4

Prescription glucocorticoid medication and iridocyclitis are associated with an increased risk of senile cataract occurrence: a Mendelian randomization study

Rui, W., Xi, Y., Zhang, R., Hou, S.-J., Shi, J., Chen, J., Zhang, H., Qiao, J., Feng, Y.-Q., & Zhang, S. (2024) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.205963 · Cited by 4

Mendelian Randomization Studies: Opening a New Window in the Study of Metabolic Diseases and Chronic Kidney Disease

Liang, N., Ma, X., Cao, Y., Liu, T., Fang, J., & Zhang, X. (2024) · Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/0118715303288685240808073238 · Cited by 5

Addressing Confounders in Retrospective Studies

Ensor, J. (2017) · Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2017.01.002 · Cited by 4

Strengthening Nutrition Education and Behavior Research for Academicians and Practitioners

Bellows, L. L., Mena, N. Z., Reznar, M. M., Taylor, C. A., & Sigman‐Grant, M. (2022) · Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2021.09.018 · Cited by 4

What constitutes high-quality evidence for malaria vector control?

Hawley, W. A., Laihad, F., Ochomo, E., Achee, N. L., Grieco, J. P., Armistead, J. S., & Nahlen, B. L. (2023) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01423-x · Cited by 4

Methods behind oncolytic virus-based DC vaccines in cancer: Toward a multiphase combined treatment strategy for Glioblastoma (GBM) patients

Gool, S. V., de Vliet, P. V., Kampers, L. F. C., Kosmal, J., Sprenger, T., Reich, E. D., Schirrmacher, V., & Stuecker, W. (2023) · Methods in cell biology · doi:10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.06.001 · Cited by 4

Review on endometriosis surgery

Koninckx, P. R., Ussia, A., Keckstein, J., Malzoni, M., Adamyan, L. V., & Wattiez, A. (2021) · Gynecology and Pelvic Medicine · doi:10.21037/gpm-21-17 · Cited by 4

Causal Criteria in Medical and Biological Disciplines: History, Essence, and Radiation Aspect. Report 3, Part 2: Hill’s Last Four Criteria: Use and Limitations

Koterov, A. N. (2022) · Biology Bulletin · doi:10.1134/s1062359022110115 · Cited by 4

History of controlled trials in medicine: real priorities are little-known. Report 1. Basic concepts, terms, and disciplines that use medical experiment: historical and philosophical sources

Koterov, A. N., Tikhonova, O. A., Ushenkova, L. N., & Biryukov, A. P. (2021) · FARMAKOEKONOMIKA Modern Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology · doi:10.17749/2070-4909/farmakoekonomika.2021.059 · Cited by 4

A landscape of methodology and implementation of adaptive designs in cancer clinical trials

Zhu, Y., Wang, W.-X., Cheuk, S.-K., Feng, G., Li, X.-G., Peng, J., Liu, Y., Yu, S.-R., Tang, J.-L., Chow, S.-C., et al. (2024) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104402 · Cited by 3

Deciphering the Relationship Between Circulating Metabolites and Osteoarthritis: A Comprehensive Genetic Correlation and Mendelian Randomization Studies

Yang, G., Xie, W., Li, H., Lu, W., Liang, Y., Li, Y., Wang, Y., & Xiao, W. (2025) · International Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijms.111848 · Cited by 4

OUTSIDE: OUTdoor Swimming as a nature-based Intervention for DEpression: a feasibility randomised controlled trial

Massey, H. C., Denton, H., Burlingham, A., Violato, M., Bibby-Jones, A.-M., Cunningham, R., Ciccognani, S., Robertson, S., Jhans, A., Pollard, J., et al. (2025) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2025.100723 · Cited by 3

Real‐World Evidence to Supplement Randomized Clinical Trials: Tocilizumab for Severe COVID ‐19 Pneumonia vs. a Cohort Receiving Standard of Care

Skarbinski, J., Fischer, H. J., Hong, V. X., Liu, L., Yau, V., Incerti, D., Qian, L., Ackerson, B. K., Amsden, L. B., Shaw, S. F., et al. (2023) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt.3020 · Cited by 3

Testing for treatment effect twice using internal and external controls in clinical trials

Yi, Y., Zhang, Y., Du, Y., & Ye, T. (2023) · Journal of Causal Inference · doi:10.1515/jci-2022-0018 · Cited by 3

Evaluating Proactive Police Units: A Case Study of Retrospective Benefit-Cost Analysis with Nonexperimental Data

Goldstein, R. (2017) · Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis · doi:10.1017/bca.2017.26 · Cited by 3

Challenges in Elucidating Ophthalmology’s Standards of Care

Hellem, A., & VanderBeek, B. L. (2022) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2021.5511 · Cited by 3

Medication Use and Clinical Outcomes by the Dutch Institute for Clinical Auditing Medicines Program: Quantitative Analysis

Ismail, R. K., van Breeschoten, J., van der Flier, S., van Loosen, C., Pasmooij, A. M. G., van Dartel, M., van den Eertwegh, A. J. M., de Boer, A., Wouters, M. W. J. M., & Hilarius, D. L. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/33446 · Cited by 3

Real-World Evidence Research in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Raising Awareness of the Need for Patient Contributions

Moss, B., Goodall, E. A., Maravic, Z., Marti, F. M., Moss, M., Rowley, S., de Menthière, C. S., & Wheatstone, P. (2023) · Future Oncology · doi:10.2217/fon-2022-1253 · Cited by 3

No genetic causal association between periodontitis and ankylosing spondylitis: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization analysis

Han, C., Wu, D., Yu, F., Wang, Q., Yang, Y., Li, Y., Qin, R., Chen, Y., Xu, L., & He, D. (2024) · BMC Medical Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12920-024-01845-3 · Cited by 3

Genetically Predicted Frailty Index Is Associated With Increased Risk of Multiple Metabolic Diseases: 175 226 European Participants in a Mendelian Randomization Study

Wang, H., Zhang, H., Tang, D., Yao, Y., Qiu, J., & Shu, X. (2025) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/1753-0407.70062 · Cited by 3

Subjekt, Statistik, Wissenschaft: Epistemologische Positionierungen und Evidenzpraktiken in der klinischen Medizin seit 1949

Hofer, H., & Roelcke, V. (2021) · NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften Technik und Medizin · doi:10.1007/s00048-021-00317-4 · Cited by 3

Open Science and COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trials: Examining Open Access, Preprinting, and Data Sharing-Related Practices During the PandemicPreprint

Borghi, J., Payne, C. Y., Ren, L. Y., Woodward, A. L., Wong, H.-N., & Stave, C. D. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.08.10.22278643 · Cited by 2

Extracting the Sample Size From Randomized Controlled Trials in Explainable Fashion Using Natural Language Processing

Windisch, P., Dennstädt, F., Koechli, C., Förster, R., Schröder, C., Aebersold, D. M., & Zwahlen, D. R. (2024) · doi:10.1101/2024.07.09.24310155 · Cited by 2

Patient preference trials in oncology: a scoping review and recommendations on reporting

Kamp, D., Kessels, R., Mohammad, N. H., Schmitz, R., IntHout, J., van Laarhoven, H. W. M., May, A. M., & Groenwold, R. H. H. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2025.111837 · Cited by 2

The New Modern Medicine

Fuller, J. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780190066178.001.0001 · Cited by 3

Contextualised care and the management of sheep lameness

Mahon, N., & Clark, B. (2026) · Journal of Rural Studies · doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2026.104146 · Cited by 2

The Ethics of Placebo and Nocebo in Psychotherapy

Gaab, J., Locher, C., & Trachsel, M. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198817338.013.32 · Cited by 2

The reasons for its effectiveness, however, remain in dispute—A tribute to Irving Kirsch

Gaab, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1037678 · Cited by 2

The Elastic Ruler: Placebo Responses, Clinical Trials, and Medical Knowledge

Glackin, S. N. (2025) · Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1017/psa.2025.2 · Cited by 2

Predicting the sample size of randomized controlled trials using natural language processing

Windisch, P. Y., Dennstädt, F., Koechli, C., Forster, R. E., Schröder, C., Aebersold, D. M., & Zwahlen, D. R. (2024) · JAMIA Open · doi:10.1093/jamiaopen/ooae116 · Cited by 2

ИННОВАЦИОННОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ НАУКИ: ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ И ПРИКЛАДНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ

России, Ф. Н. «. Ф., Гладких, В. Д., Викторов, А. А., России, Ф. Н. «. Ф., Ушаков, Е. В., управления), Ф. В. «. А. Н. Х. И. Г. С. П. П. Р. Ф. (.-З. И., Шопов, Д. Г., Университет, М., Михайлова, В. К., Университет, М., et al. (2021) · ICSP «NEW SCIENCE» eBooks · doi:10.46916/05102021-1-978-5-00174-325-5 · Cited by 2

Common Core State Standards and Students with Severe Disabilities: An Introduction to the Special Issue

Dukes, C. E., & Darling, S. M. (2017) · Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities · doi:10.1177/1540796917715408 · Cited by 2

Assessing the barriers and enablers to the implementation of the diagnostic radiographer musculoskeletal X-ray reporting service within the NHS in England: A Systematic literature reviewPreprint

Lockwood, P., Burton, C. R., Woznitza, N., & Shaw, T. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2772786/v1 · Cited by 2

Application of the ESMO Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale to assess the clinical benefit of antibody drug conjugates in solid cancer: a systematic descriptive analysis of phase III and pivotal phase II trials

Ding, L., Yuan, X., Wang, Y., Shen, Z., & Wu, P. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077108 · Cited by 1

Authors' response

Gutierrez, R. E., & Prokesch, E. J. (2024) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1111/1556-4029.15613 · Cited by 1

An analysis of US net cancer drug launch prices and clinical efficacy and certainty of evidence from 2008 to 2022

Abuloha, S., Harvey, B. P., Niu, S., Alshehri, A., Miri, M., Clifford, K. A., Chambers, J. D., & Svensson, M. (2025) · Health Affairs Scholar · doi:10.1093/haschl/qxaf051 · Cited by 1

Valuing response art and its application in mixed methods research inquiry

Crane, T., Fenner, P., East, C. E., & Buultjens, M. (2025) · Journal of Applied Arts and Health · doi:10.1386/jaah_00188_1 · Cited by 1

With the advent of cyber‐social learning, it may be possible to overcome the limitations of statistical survey psychometrics and its associated methods: A multiliteracies perspective

Cope, B., & Kalantzis, M. (2026) · Review of Education · doi:10.1002/rev3.70171 · Cited by 2

Determinants of Infant Participation and Non-Participation in Primary Prevention Trials

Wörl, F., Achenbach, P., Bonifacio, E., Casteels, K., Gemulla, G., Haupt, F., Hawkins, S., Hommel, A., King, S., Kordonouri, O., et al. (2026) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/a-2884-2277 · Cited by 1

Trauma, trust, and decision-making in child protection: a realist synthesis of interventions to prevent care entry and support reunification

McGovern, R., Smiles, C., Grant, C., Gibb, J., Adisa, O., Alderson, H., Backer, K. D., Brennan‐Tovey, K., O’Keeffe, S., Claire, P., et al. (2026) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.109208 · Cited by 1

From Research to Practice: Toward the Examination of Combined Interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorders

London, E., & Yoo, J. H. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11081073 · Cited by 1

Of Young People and Internet Cafés

Xiao, Z., & Higgins, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.603992 · Cited by 1

Evidentiary vacuum, epistemic communities and rare disease policymaking in India: an evolutionary policy perspective

Yadav, S. M., & Bhaduri, S. (2021) · Journal of Bioeconomics · doi:10.1007/s10818-021-09322-y · Cited by 1

Global Imbalances in Funding Sources for HIV Randomized Control Trials

John, D. O., Wang, P., Togo, Y., & McGovern, M. E. (2022) · AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses · doi:10.1089/aid.2022.0068 · Cited by 1

Gold as an alternative payment and save haven against inflation

(2023) · Acta Montanistica Slovaca · doi:10.46544/ams.v28i1.01 · Cited by 1

Postulates of evidence-based medicine have transformed into myths

Gil-Olivares, F., Alva‐Díaz, C., Pinedo-Torres, I. A., Pacheco-Barrios, N. V., Llerena, K. M. A., & Huerta-Rosario, M. (2024) · Educación Médica · doi:10.1016/j.edumed.2024.100887 · Cited by 1

COVID-19 platform trials: insight and lessons in clinical trial design

New, J. M., Chalmers, J. D., & Stobo, J. (2024) · European Respiratory Society eBooks · doi:10.1183/2312508x.10021223 · Cited by 1

Investigating potential drug targets for the treatment of glioblastoma: a Mendelian randomization study

Zhang, H., Wang, Z., Qiao, X., Wu, J., & Cheng, C. (2025) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-025-13979-3 · Cited by 1

Poetic evidence: Challenging the notion of empirical evidence in dramatherapy

Schäfer, A. (2025) · Dramatherapy · doi:10.1386/dj_00034_1 · Cited by 1

Enter the Spiral: The Adverse Consequences of Professional and Lay Expertise for Sufferers’ Lived Experiences

Ritwick, S., & Koljonen, T. (2025) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s0733-558x20250000097013 · Cited by 1

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Outcome Research: Why Moderators Should not be Neglected

Gerger, H., & Gaab, J. (2016) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/64266 · Cited by 1

Current Status of N-of-1 Trials for Herbal Medicine -Literature Review

Jeung, C.-W., Jeon, S.-W., & Jo, H.-G. (2020) · 대한한의학회지 · doi:10.13048/jkm.20008 · Cited by 1

Measurement of esophageal pressure: possible limits to its clinical application

Blasi, R. A. D., & Fiorelli, S. (2020) · Minerva Anestesiologica · doi:10.23736/s0375-9393.20.15040-5 · Cited by 1

Clinical Translation of Cell Therapies in Stroke (CT2S) Checklist—a pragmatic tool to accelerate development of cell therapy products

Nagpal, A., Milton, A. G., Koblar, S. A., & Hamilton‐Bruce, M. A. (2021) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-021-02147-6 · Cited by 1

Practice-based evidence in Ayurveda

Eranezhath, S. S. (2018) · Ancient Science of Life · doi:10.4103/asl.asl_105_22 · Cited by 1

Lowering the statistical significance threshold of randomized controlled trials in three major general anesthesiology journals

Waters, P., Rucker, B., Love, M., & Vassar, M. B. (2023) · Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie · doi:10.1007/s12630-023-02529-9 · Cited by 1

Building causal knowledge in behavior genetics without racial/ethnic diversity will result in weak causal knowledge

Syed, M. (2023) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x22002163 · Cited by 1

Validity of enriched enrollment, randomized withdrawal trials

Ruan, X., & Kaye, A. D. (2015) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000347 · Cited by 1

Timely treatment in stroke and TIA

Nordanstig, A. (2018) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University) · Cited by 1

Centring Tourettic Experiences in Technology: Tourette Syndrome, Median Nerve Stimulation, and the Role of Technoableism in Self-Harm and Stigma

Jones, D. P. (2026) · Neurodiversity · doi:10.1177/27546330261423083 · Cited by 1

METHOD Open Access

Maretty, L., Sibbesen, J. A., & Krogh, A. (2014)

Effekte, Bedingungen und Anwendung von Placebos

Werner, C., Hasler, S., Birkhäuer, J., & Gaab, J. (2016) · PSYCH up2date · doi:10.1055/s-0042-100680

Contextual factors in treatment : a meta-analytic and an experimental approach

Birkhäuer, J. (2017) · edoc (University of Basel) · doi:10.5451/unibas-006765849

Real-time electrohysterography: a novel technology used on the labour ward

Vlemminx, M. W. C. (2018) · TU/e Research Portal

Evidence in Neurosurgery: Perspectives

Shimanskaya, V. E., Martens, J., Boogaarts, J. H. D., Westert, G. P., Rovers, M. M., & Bartels, R. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16323-5_22

Using a birth ball in the latent phase of labour to reduce pain perception : a randomised controlled trial

Mylod, D. (2020) · Bournemouth University Research Online (Bournemouth University)

Commentary on “Investigator brochures for phase I/II trials lack information on the robustness of preclinical safety studies” by Sievers et al.

Rißmann, R., & Zuiker, R. G. J. A. (2021) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.14823

Presenting severe adverse event data from clinical trials, and the need to prevent unblinding

Armitage, R. C. (2021) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2021.02.024

Gold standard method in testing laboratories: Is it appropriate or a misconception?Preprint

Salem, S. B., & Jagadeesan, P. (2019) · doi:10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.pp8siyt.v1

Effect of Exercise Interventions on Metabolic, Reproductive and Mental Health in Overweight Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Patten, R. K. (2021) · Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University)

Paternalism, Autonomy, and the Common Good

Wilson, J. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192844057.003.0005

Internal and External Validity in Ethical Reasoning

Wilson, J. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192844057.003.0003

Ethics for Complex Systems

Wilson, J. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192844057.003.0004

Evidence, Mechanisms, and Complexity

Wilson, J. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192844057.003.0002

Measuring and Combatting Health-Related Inequalities

Wilson, J. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192844057.003.0009

Which Risks to Health Matter Most?

Wilson, J. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192844057.003.0007

Sejarah kebudayaan India Kuno / Anwar Sari

Sari, A. (1994)

Conclusion

Wilson, J. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192844057.003.0011

Accuracy and Precision of Fixed and Random Effects in Meta-Analyses of Randomized Control Trials for Continuous OutcomesPreprint

Gnambs, T., & Schroeders, U. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/hte6z

Methoden klinischer Prüfung in der Onkologie

Dittrich, C., Edler, L., & SINDERMANN, H. (2021) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-46764-0_362-1

Von der Observationsstudie zur randomisierten klinischen Studie: Unterschiede in Patientenkollektiv, Rekrutierungsrate und Vorhofflimmerdetektionsrate bei Patienten mit zerebraler Ischämie

Schulte, A. M. (2021) · doi:10.53846/goediss-8934

Assessing the Gold Standard — Lessons from the History of RCTs

Bothwell, L. E., Greene, J. A., Podolsky, S. H., & Jones, D. S. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmms1604593 · Cited by 664

Is the Gold Standard in Medical Clinical Trials Really Golden? An Opinion

Doepp, M. (2025) · British journal of healthcare and medical research · doi:10.14738/bjhr.1206.19635

Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trials: Are they really the "Gold" standard?

Odibo, A. O. (2012)

The Gold Standard for Evidence-Based Medicine

Bader, T. (2023) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781003324058-20

Research Methods in Medicine and Health Sciences

Cobb, W. J. (2016) · MOJ Anatomy & Physiology · doi:10.15406/mojap.2016.02.00056 · Cited by 2