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Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in patients with stable peripheral or carotid artery disease: an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
Background Patients with peripheral artery disease have an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Antiplatelet agents are widely used to reduce these complications.Methods This was a multicentre, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial for which patients were recruited at 602 hospitals, clinics, or community practices from 33 countries across six continents. Eligible patients had a history of peripheral artery disease of the lower extremities (previous peripheral bypass surgery or angioplasty, limb or foot amputation, intermittent claudication with objective evidence of peripheral artery disease), of the carotid arteries (previous carotid artery revascularisation or asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis of at least 50%), or coronary artery disease with an ankle-brachial index of less than 0·90. After a 30-day run-in period, patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive oral rivaroxaban (2·5 mg twice a day) plus aspirin (100 mg once a day), rivaroxaban twice a day (5 mg with aspirin placebo once a day), or to aspirin once a day (100 mg and rivaroxaban placebo twice a day). Randomisation was computer generated. Each treatment group was double dummy, and the patient, investigators, and central study staff were masked to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction or stroke; the primary peripheral artery disease outcome was major adverse limb events including major amputation. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01776424, and is closed to new participants.Findings Between March 12, 2013, and May 10, 2016, we enrolled 7470 patients with peripheral artery disease from 558 centres. The combination of rivaroxaban plus aspirin compared with aspirin alone reduced the composite endpoint of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (126 [5%] of 2492 vs 174 [7%] of 2504; hazard ratio [HR] 0·72, 95% CI 0·57-0·90, p=0·0047), and major adverse limb events including major amputation (32 [1%] vs 60 [2%]; HR 0·54 95% CI 0·35-0·82, p=0·0037). Rivaroxaban 5 mg twice a day compared with aspirin alone did not significantly reduce the composite endpoint (149 [6%] of 2474 vs 174 [7%] of 2504; HR 0·86, 95% CI 0·69-1·08, p=0·19), but reduced major adverse limb events including major amputation (40 [2%] vs 60 [2%]; HR 0·67, 95% CI 0·45-1·00, p=0·05). The median duration of treatment was 21 months. The use of the rivaroxaban plus aspirin combination increased major bleeding compared with the aspirin alone group (77 [3%] of 2492 vs 48 [2%] of 2504; HR 1·61, 95% CI 1·12-2·31, p=0·0089), which was mainly gastrointestinal. Similarly, major bleeding occurred in 79 (3%) of 2474 patients with rivaroxaban 5 mg, and in 48 (2%) of 2504 in the aspirin alone group (HR 1·68, 95% CI 1·17-2·40; p=0·0043).Interpretation Low-dose rivaroxaban taken twice a day plus aspirin once a day reduced major adverse cardiovascular and limb events when compared with aspirin alone. Although major bleeding was increased, fatal or critical organ bleeding was not. This combination therapy represents an important advance in the management of patients with peripheral artery disease. Rivaroxaban alone did not significantly reduce major adverse cardiovascular events compared with asprin alone, but reduced major adverse limb events and increased major bleeding.Funding Bayer AG.
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“A study shared that low-dose rivaroxaban with aspirin reduced major adverse cardiovascular and limb events compared with aspirin alone without significantly increasing major bleeding [82].”
From Revascularization Strategies for Acute and Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia: A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [82]
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“There was an associated increased risk of bleeding with rivaroxaban, although no significant excess in fatal bleeding was noted.”
From Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association (2020) · cites this paper as [58]
In the citing paper
“a review of 56 studies including patients with diabetes suggested higher limbsalvage rates after revascularization (78-85% at 1 year) compared with conservative management.768”
From 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. (2023) · cites this paper as [768]
In the citing paper
“The risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) was significantly lower with the combination of rivaroxaban plus aspirin compared with either aspirin alone or rivaroxaban alone.”
From Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association (2020) · cites this paper as [58]
In the citing paper
“The ischemic benefits of rivaroxaban were consistent in the subgroup with diabetes mellitus, suggesting that low-dose anticoagulation added to antiplatelet therapy may be another option for secondary prevention in patients with T2DM and stable CAD.”
From Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association (2020) · cites this paper as [58]
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Rivaroxaban Does Not Alter Carotid Plaque Echolucency, Volume, or Neovascularisation
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“10 Meta-analysis 20 from the randomized COMPASS 21 and VOYAGER 22 trials have shown a reduction of ALI in patients receiving low-dose rivaroxaban, 2.5 mg twice daily in combination with low-dose aspirin, both in stable peripheral artery disease and immediately after revascularization.”
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Self-citationGrundlagen der Angiologie bei peripherer arterieller Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK)
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The COMPASS trial: practical considerations for application after coronary artery bypass surgery
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“atherosclerosis in more than one vascular bed), mild to moderate heart failure, diabetes, or moderate to severe renal dysfunction [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 15–60 ml/min] [15].”
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Antithrombotika und Antihämorrhagika
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“Recent studies show that the addition of low-dose rivaroxaban to acetylsalicylic acid reduces the incidence of MACEs and MALEs compared to acetylsalicylic acid alone, both in stable PAD [5] and after revascularisation [26].”
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Review new concepts in pharmacotherapy for peripheral arterial disease
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“Notably, pharmacotherapy with rivaroxaban only did not significantly reduce major adverse CVEs, but increased the risk of major bleeding as compared to aspirin [19].”
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“Secondary outcomes will include (1) longer-term mortality (mortality beyond 30 days); (2) major adverse cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, stroke, or myocardial infarction) [26]; (3) delirium; (4) postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, unplanned or prolonged mechanical ventilation, or acute respir…”
BackgroundResidual Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Dyslipidemia
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“The role of PAD and the prognosis of major bleeding events in patients with CAD have recently been highlighted [10].”
BackgroundFactors influencing recanalization of thrombotic venous occlusions
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“В исследовании COMPASS было продемонстрировано, что у пациентов с ЗПА ривароксабан в дозе 2,5 мг 2 раза в сутки в дополнение к АСК в дозе 100 мг 1 раз в сутки статистически значимо снижает риск развития как сердечнососудистых исходов, так и сосудистых событий в области нижних конечностей, в том числе их ампутаций, на…”
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“Although major bleeding was more common with the combined therapy, mainly of a gastrointestinal origin, fatal bleeding and non-fatal symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage similarly occurred in both groups (<1%) [37].”
BackgroundResultBiomarkers enter the world of peripheral artery disease
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“The findings of the trial indicate that the combination of rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily with aspirin 100 mg once daily is superior to aspirin alone in lowering the risk of cardiovascular death, stroke, or myocardial infarction in patients with CAD or PAD [11].”
InfluentialContemporary outcomes of carotid revascularization procedures
Park, J., John, E. S., Darling, J. D., & Schermerhorn, M. L. (2026) · Seminars in Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2026.01.003 · Cited by 2
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“1):1-30 ❘ En el estudio COMPASS (232), la adición de rivaroxabán a dosis bajas (2,5 mg dos veces al día) al ácido acetilsalicílico (100 mg/24 horas) disminuyó un 58 % la incidencia combinada de muerte cardiovascular, infarto de miocardio o ictus y amputación y un 24 % el riesgo de requerir un procedimiento de revascul…”
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Self-citationSheth, M. S., Yu, B., Chu, A., Porter, J., Tam, D. Y., Legere, L., Goodman, S. G., Farkouh, M. E., Ko, D. T., Abdel-Qadir, H. M., et al. (2022) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.122.026553 · Cited by 2
Adherence to European guidelines for the use of aspirin in primary health care
Moita, C. F., Marau, G., Corte-Real, S., & Dantas, A. (2023) · Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia · doi:10.1016/j.repc.2022.03.007 · Cited by 2
Рудіченко, В. М., & Snigyr, N. (2023) · EMERGENCY MEDICINE · doi:10.22141/2224-0586.19.1.2023.1551 · Cited by 4
Liu, C.-T., Guo, J., Chou, R., Lu, Y., Tsai, Y., Kuo, C., Chang, C., Huang, P., Chen, J., & Lin, S. (2023) · Cardiology Plus · doi:10.1097/cp9.0000000000000041 · Cited by 2
Longitudinal outcomes following peripheral vascular intervention among older persons living with HIV
Kentoffio, K., Sun, T., Xu, J., Parikh, R. V., Hsue, P. Y., & Secemsky, E. A. (2023) · Vascular Medicine · doi:10.1177/1358863x231191822 · Cited by 2
Ji, Y., Wang, B., Wu, G., Zhang, Y., Wang, Q., & Zhou, M. (2023) · Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease · doi:10.1177/20406223231213262 · Cited by 3
Pai, P., Bedi, V. S., Kamerkar, D. R., George, R. K., Rai, K. M., Gupta, P. C., Sekhar, R., Balaji, V., Parakh, R., Subramanian, S. R., et al. (2024) · Indian Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery · doi:10.4103/ijves.ijves_102_23 · Cited by 2
The importance of optimal medical therapy in patients undergoing lower extremity bypass
Gomez-Sanchez, C. M., & Conte, M. S. (2024) · Current Opinion in Cardiology · doi:10.1097/hco.0000000000001157 · Cited by 2
Efficacy and safety of drugs in residual cardiovascular risk: A systematic review of the literature
Hernández-Somerson, M. A., Montoya-Agudelo, F., & Huertas-Rodriguez, G. (2024) · International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.ijcrp.2024.200298 · Cited by 2
“One study evaluated the efficacy of rivaroxaban after a recent ACS with a sample of 1526 participants (Mega, 2010) [21], and three more studies did so with the combination of rivaroxaban and low – dose aspirin (Eikelboom 2017, Anand 2018, and Bonaca 2020) [22 – 24] in a total of 41,429 patients.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialWang, Q., Li, B., Yu, F., Su, H., Hu, K., Liu, Z., Wu, G., Ji, Y., Chen, T., & Chen, K. (2024) · CJC Open · doi:10.1016/j.cjco.2024.08.014 · Cited by 2
“…Ou tcomes R esearch With PCSK9 I nhibition in Subjects With E levated R isk (FOURIER) trial, 14,15 and the C ardiovascular O ut-co m es for P eople Using A nticoagulation S trategie s (COM-PASS) trial 16,17 all demonstrated that PVD increased patients ’ risk of major adverse CV events.”
Вачиковна, П. Н., Панов, А. В., Kulikov, A. Y., Serpik, V. G., & Куликов, В. А. (2019) · Russian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2019-12-76-86 · Cited by 2
Intensification of antithrombotic therapy for chronic atherosclerosis
Pope, M. K., Ghanima, W., & Atar, D. (2020) · Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening · doi:10.4045/tidsskr.20.0066 · Cited by 2
Balletshofer, B. M., Böckler, D., Diener, H., Heckenkamp, J., Ito, W. D., Katoh, M., Lawall, H., Malyar, N. M., Oberländer, Y., Reimer, P., et al. (2020) · Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel · doi:10.1055/a-1194-1745 · Cited by 2
Clinical considerations after endovascular therapy of peripheral artery disease
Giannopoulos, S., & Armstrong, E. J. (2021) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1080/14779072.2021.1914590 · Cited by 2
“aspirin monotherapy in terms of cardiovascular and limb-related risk among patients with stable CAD and/or PAD [66,67].”
BackgroundBrunton (2021) · The Journal of Family Practice · doi:10.12788/jfp.0290 · Cited by 2
Arutyunov, G. P., Амелин, А. В., Voznyuk, I. A., Kulesh, A. A., Maksimova, M. Y., Mkrtchyan, V. R., Putilina, M. V., Сорокоумов, В. А., Fonyakin, A. V., & Khasanova, D. R. (2022) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro202212204194 · Cited by 2
Direct Oral Anticoagulants: Drug Selection by Means of the SOJA Method
Janknegt, R., Metting, E., Kooistra, J., & Dekhuijzen, R. P. N. (2020) · Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.31080/asps.2020.04.0640 · Cited by 2
Kommentar zu den Leitlinien (2017) der ESC zu peripheren arteriellen Erkrankungen
Espinola–Klein, C., Dahm, J. B., Heiß, C., Zahn, R., & Tiefenbacher, C. (2018) · Der Kardiologe · doi:10.1007/s12181-018-0257-2 · Cited by 2
“Es kam bei Kombination von ASS 100 und Rivaroxaban 2-mal 2,5mg täglich im Vergleich zu ASS 100 allerdings zu einem erhöhten Risiko für nichtzerebrale „Major“-Blutungen [18, 19].”
BackgroundKhan, A. A., & Lip, G. Y. H. (2019) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz005 · Cited by 2
Emerging clinical setting of direct oral anticoagulants: atherothrombotic events prevention
Fusco, S. A. D., Lucà, F., Gulizia, M. M., Gabrielli, D., & Colivicchi, F. (2019) · Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.2459/jcm.0000000000000894 · Cited by 2
Self-citationАракелян, В. С. (2020) · Angiology and vascular surgery · doi:10.33529/angio2020106 · Cited by 2
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Self-citationПанченко, Е. П. (2021) · Aterotromboz = Atherothrombosis · doi:10.21518/2307-1109-2021-11-1-89-105 · Cited by 2
Does rivaroxaban have a role in treating patients with PAD?
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Medical Therapy for Secondary Prevention of Atherothrombotic Events in Peripheral Artery Disease
Morrison, J. T., Hsia, J. A., & Bonaca, M. P. (2021) · Heart International · doi:10.17925/hi.2021.15.1.14 · Cited by 2
Patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) not suitable for revascularization
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Ruff, C., Artzner, C. P., Nikoalou, K., & Grözinger, G. (2022) · Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy · doi:10.21037/cdt-22-53 · Cited by 2
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
Cluckey, A., Dahm, C. N., & Chacko, M. (2023) · Contemporary cardiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-16594-8_5 · Cited by 2
Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Persistent Sciatic Artery Presenting with Acute Limb Ischemia
Nakashima, M., & Kobayashi, M. (2022) · Vascular Specialist International · doi:10.5758/vsi.220036 · Cited by 2
Balletshofer, B. M., Böckler, D., Diener, H., Heckenkamp, J., Ito, W. D., Katoh, M., Lawall, H., Malyar, N. M., Qiu, H. J., Reimer, P., et al. (2023) · Die Diabetologie · doi:10.1007/s11428-023-01043-2 · Cited by 2
Updates and Advances in Cardiovascular Nursing
Kohlman-Trigoboff, D. (2023) · Nursing Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.cnur.2023.05.004 · Cited by 2
Vascular protection with rivaroxaban in the comprehensive management of atrial fibrillation
Escobar-Cervantes, C., Díez‐Villanueva, P., Lozano, C. B., Reino, A. P., Almendro‐Delia, M., Fácila, L., Valle, A., & Suárez, C. (2023) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1080/14779072.2023.2276893 · Cited by 2
“…the COMPASS trial has demonstrated a significant reduction of vascular events among patients with stable atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease [49,56] receiving rivaroxaban, while data not only from the ROCKET-AF trial [14], but also from other observational studies [47,76,91] have shown a…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialХирманов, В. Н. (2018) · Russian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2018-3-65-70 · Cited by 3
Antithrombotic Therapy in Carotid Artery Disease
Papanikolaou, P., Antonopoulos, A. S., Mastorakou, I., Angelopoulos, A., Kostoula, E., Mystakidi, V. C., Simantiris, S., Galiatsatos, N., Oikonomou, E. K., & Tousoulis, D. (2020) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612826666200518111359 · Cited by 2
Lander, K., Thakeria, P., & Nayyar, S. (2021) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwab113 · Cited by 2
Lin, M., Chung, C., Chen, M., Chu, P., Chang, S., Yang, T., Wu, V. C., Lin, W., & Lin, Y. (2021) · Angiology · doi:10.1177/00033197211033747 · Cited by 2
Pathology of Arterial Disease in Limb Loss
Creager, M. A., & Bonaca, M. P. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.2145 · Cited by 2
“The combination of low-dose rivaroxaban and aspirin compared with aspirin alone resulted in a 46% reduction in major adverse limb events, including acute limb ischemia, revascularization for ischemia within 30 days, or ischemic amputation (4).”
A Sex-Specific Switch in Platelet Receptor Signaling Following Myocardial InfarctionPreprint
Kim, B. S., Auerbach, D. A., Sadhra, H., Ling, F. S. K., Toth, S., Mohan, A. M., Tura, S., Goldenberg, I., Rich, D. Q., & Cameron, S. J. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/580415 · Cited by 2
“Together, these observations raise the possibility that indirectly blocking thrombin with a Xa inhibitor may show the most survival benefit in males as reported (24,39).”
BackgroundA Brief History of the Proper Time for Antiplatelet Therapy in Peripheral Revascularization
Vlachopoulos, C. V., Terentes-Printzios, D. G., & Aboyans, V. (2019) · JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2019.09.030 · Cited by 2
Self-citationThe Fate of Life and Limb After Peripheral Artery Revascularization
Olin, J. W., & Johnston‐Cox, H. (2020) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2019.12.021 · Cited by 2
Combining Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Therapies for Chronic Atherosclerotic Disease
Potpara, T., & Lip, G. Y. H. (2020) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.120.046905 · Cited by 2
Atrial fibrillation and vascular disease: Coronary artery disease and/or peripheral artery disease?
Essa, H., & Lip, G. Y. H. (2021) · Archives of cardiovascular diseases · doi:10.1016/j.acvd.2021.02.002 · Cited by 2
Prevention and Management of Urgent/Emergent Limb Ischemia
McClure, G. R., Chan, N., Kaplovitch, E., Bhagirath, V. C., & Anand, S. S. (2021) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-021-01472-9 · Cited by 2
Self-citationCURE: A Pre-training Framework on Large-scale Patient Data for Treatment Effect EstimationPreprint
Liu, R., Chen, P., & Zhang, P. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.09.09.22279776 · Cited by 2
“452 No significant difference No significant difference [2] Valsartan v.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Anand, S. S., Bosch, J., Eikelboom, J. W., Connolly, S. J., Diaz, R., Widimsky, P., Aboyans, V., Alings, M., Kakkar, A. K., Keltai, K., Maggioni, A. P., Lewis, B. S., Störk, S., Zhu, J., Lopez-Jaramillo, P., O'Donnell, M., Commerford, P. J., Vinereanu, D., Pogosova, N., Ryden, L., Fox, K. A. A., Bhatt, D. L., Misselwitz, F., Varigos, J. D., Vanassche, T., Avezum, A. A., Chen, E., Branch, K., Leong, D. P., Bangdiwala, S. I., Hart, R. G., Yusuf, S., SALA, J., CARTASEGNA, L., VICO, M., HOMINAL, M. A., HASBANI, E., CACCAVO, A., ZAIDMAN, C., VOGEL, D., HRABAR, A., SCHYGIEL, P. O., CUNEO, C., LUQUEZ, H., MACKINNON, I. J., AHUAD GUERRERO, R. A., COSTABEL, J. P., BARTOLACCI, I. P., MONTANA, O., BARBIERI, M., GOMEZ VILAMAJO, O., GARCIA DURAN, R. O., SCHIAVI, L. B., GARRIDO, M., INGARAMO, A., BORDONAVA, A. P., PELAGAGGE, M. J., NOVARETTO, L., ALBISU DI GENNERO, J. P., IBANEZ SAGGIA, L. M., ALVAREZ, M., VITA, N. A., MACIN, S. M., DRAN, R. D., CARDONA, M., GUZMAN, L., SARJANOVICH, R. J., CUADRADO, J., NANI, S., LITVAK BRUNO, M. R., CHACON, C., MAFFEI, L. E., GRINFELD, D., VENSENTINI, N., MAJUL, C. R., LUCIARDI, H. L., GONZALEZ COLASO, P. D. C., FERRE PACORA, F. A., VAN DEN HEUVEL, P., VERHAMME, P., ECTOR, B., DEBONNAIRE, P., VAN DE BORNE, P., LEROY, J., SCHROE, H., VRANCKX, P., ELEGEERT, I., HOFFER, E., DUJARDIN, K., INDIO DO BRASIL, C., PRECOMA, D., ABRANTES, J. A., MANENTI, E., REIS, G., SARAIVA, J., MAIA, L., HERNANDES, M., ROSSI, P., ROSSI DOS SANTOS, F., ZIMMERMANN, S. L., RECH, R., ABIB JR, E., LEAES, P., BOTELHO, R., DUTRA, O., SOUZA, W., BRAILE, M., IZUKAWA, N., NICOLAU, J. C., TANAJURA, L. F., SERRANO JUNIOR, C. V., MINELLI, C., NASI, L. A., OLIVEIRA, L., DE CARVALHO CANTARELLI, M. J., TYTUS, R., PANDEY, S., LONN, E., CHA, J., VIZEL, S., BABAPULLE, M., LAMY, A., SAUNDERS, K., BERLINGIERI, J., KIAII, B., BHARGAVA, R., MEHTA, P., HILL, L., FELL, D., LAM, A., AL-QOOFI, F., BROWN, C., PETRELLA, R., RICCI, J. A., GLANZ, A., NOISEUX, N., BAINEY, K., MERALI, F., HEFFERNAN, M., DELLA SIEGA, A., DAGENAIS, G. R., DAGENAIS, F., BRULOTTE, S., NGUYEN, M., HARTLEIB, M., GUZMAN, R., BOURGEOIS, R., RUPKA, D., KHAYKIN, Y., GOSSELIN, G., HUYNH, T., PILON, C., CAMPEAU, J., PICHETTE, F., DIAZ, A., JOHNSTON, J., SHUKLE, P., HIRSCH, G., RHEAULT, P., CZARNECKI, W., ROY, A., NAWAZ, S., FREMES, S., SHUKLA, D., JANO, G., COBOS, J. L., CORBALAN, R., MEDINA, M., NAHUELPAN, L., RAFFO, C., PEREZ, L., POTTHOFF, S., STOCKINS, B., SEPULVEDA, P., PINCETTI, C., VEJAR, M., TIAN, H., WU, X., KE, Y., JIA, K., YIN, P., WANG, Z., YU, L., WU, S., WU, Z., LIU, S. W., BAI, X. J., ZHENG, Y., YANG, P., YANG, Y. M., ZHANG, J., GE, J., CHEN, X. P., LI, J., HU, T. H., ZHANG, R., ZHENG, Z., CHEN, X., TAO, L., LI, J., HUANG, W., FU, G., LI, C., DONG, Y., WANG, C., ZHOU, X., KONG, Y., SOTOMAYOR, A., ACCINI MENDOZA, J. L., CASTILLO, H., URINA, M., AROCA, G., PEREZ, M., MOLINA DE SALAZAR, D. I., SANCHEZ VALLEJO, G., FERNANDO, M. J., GARCIA, H., GARCIA, L. H., ARCOS, E., GOMEZ, J., CUERVO MILLAN, F., TRUJILLO DADA, F. A., VESGA, B., MORENO SILGADO, G. A., ZIDKOVA, E., LUBANDA, J.-C., KALETOVA, M., KRYZA, R., MARCINEK, G., RICHTER, M., SPINAR, J., MATUSKA, J., TESAK, M., MOTOVSKA, Z., BRANNY, M., MALY, J., MALY, M., WIENDL, M., FOLTYNOVA CAISOVA, L., SLABY, J., VOJTISEK, P., PIRK, J., SPINAROVA, L., BENESOVA, M., CANADYOVA, J., HOMZA, M., FLORIAN, J., POLASEK, R., COUFAL, Z., SKALNIKOVA, V., BRAT, R., BRTKO, M., JANSKY, P., LINDNER, J., MARCIAN, P., STRAKA, Z., TRETINA, M., DUARTE, Y. C., POW CHON LONG, F., SANCHEZ, M., LOPEZ, J., PERUGACHI, C., MARMOL, R., TRUJILLO, F., TERAN, P., TUOMILEHTO, J., TUOMILEHTO, H., TUOMINEN, M.-L., TUOMILEHTO, H., KANTOLA, I., STEG, G., ABOYANS, V., LECLERCQ, F., FERRARI, E., BOCCARA, F., MESSAS, E., MISMETTI, P., SEVESTRE, M. A., CAYLA, G., MOTREFF, P., STOERK, S., DUENGEN, H.-D., STELLBRINK, C., GUEROCAK, O., KADEL, C., BRAUN-DULLAEUS, R., JESERICH, M., OPITZ, C., VOEHRINGER, H.-F., APPEL, K.-F., WINKELMANN, B., DORSEL, T., NIKOL, S., DARIUS, H., RANFT, J., SCHELLONG, S., JUNGMAIR, W., DAVIERWALA, P., VORPAHL, M., BAJNOK, L., LASZLO, Z., NOORI, E., VERESS, G., VERTES, A., ZSARY, A., KIS, E., KORANYI, L., BAKAI, J., BODA, Z., POOR, F., JARAI, Z., KEMENY, V., BARTON, J., MCADAM, B., MURPHY, A., CREAN, P., MAHON, N., CURTIN, R., MACNEILL, B., DINNEEN, S., HALABI, M., ZIMLICHMAN, R., ZELTSER, D., TURGEMAN, Y., KLAINMAN, E., LEWIS, B., KATZ, A., ATAR, S., ZIMLICHMAN, R., NIKOLSKY, E., BOSI, S., NALDI, M., FAGGIANO, P., ROBBA, D., MOS, L., SINAGRA, G., COSMI, F., OLTRONA VISCONTI, L., CARMINE, D. M., DI PASQUALE, G., DI BIASE, M., MANDORLA, S., BERNARDINANGELI, M., PICCINNI, G. C., GULIZIA, M. M., GALVANI, M., VENTURI, F., MOROCUTTI, G., BALDIN, M. G., OLIVIERI, C., PERNA, G. 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P., VAN BERGEN, P., GOSSELINK, M., HOEKSTRA, E., ZEGERS, E., RONNER, E., DEN HARTOG, F., BARTELS, G., NIEROP, P., VAN DER ZWAAN, C., VAN ECK, J., VAN GORSELEN, E., GROENEMEIJER, B., HOOGSLAG, P., DE GROOT, M. R., LOYOLA, A., SULIT, D. J., REY, N., ABOLA, M. T., MORALES, D., PALOMARES, E., ABAT, M. E., ROGELIO, G., CHUA, P., DEL PILAR, J. C., ALCARAZ, J. D., EBO, G., TIRADOR, L., CRUZ, J., ANONUEVO, J., PITARGUE, A., JANION, M., GUZIK, T., GAJOS, G., ZABOWKA, M., RYNKIEWICZ, A., BRONCEL, M., SZUBA, A., CZARNECKA, D., MAGA, P., STRAZHESKO, I., VASYUK, Y., SIZOVA, Z., POZDNYAKOV, Y., BARBARASH, O., VOEVODA, M., POPONINA, T., REPIN, A., OSIPOVA, I., EFREMUSHKINA, A., NOVIKOVA, N., AVERKOV, O., ZATEYSHCHIKOV, D., VERTKIN, A., AUSHEVA, A., COMMERFORD, P., SEEDAT, S., VAN ZYL, L., ENGELBRECHT, J., MAKOTOKO, E. M., PRETORIUS, C. E., MOHAMED, Z., HORAK, A., MABIN, T., KLUG, E., BAE, J.-H., KIM, C., KIM, C.-J., KIM, D.-S., KIM, Y. J., JOO, S., HA, J.-W., PARK, C. S., KIM, J. Y., KIM, Y.-K., JARNERT, C., MOOE, T., DELLBORG, M., TORSTENSSON, I., ALBERTSSON, P., JOHANSSON, L., AL-KHALILI, F., ALMROTH, H., ANDERSSON, T., PANTEV, E., TENGMARK, B.-O., LIU, B., RASMANIS, G., WAHLGREN, C.-M., MOCCETTI, T., PARKHOMENKO, A., TSELUYKO, V., VOLKOV, V., KOVAL, O., KONONENKO, L., PROKHOROV, O., VDOVYCHENKO, V., BAZYLEVYCH, A., RUDENKO, L., VIZIR, V., KARPENKO, O., MALYNOVSKY, Y., KOVAL, V., STOROZHUK, B., COTTON, J., VENKATARAMAN, A., MORIARTY, A., CONNOLLY, D., DAVEY, P., SENIOR, R., BIRDI, I., CALVERT, J., DONNELLY, P., TREVELYAN, J., CARTER, J., PEACE, A., AUSTIN, D., KUKREJA, N., HILTON, T., SRIVASTAVA, S., WALSH, R., FIELDS, R., HAKAS, J., PORTNAY, E., GOGIA, H., SALACATA, A., HUNTER, J. J., BACHARACH, J. M., SHAMMAS, N., SURESH, D., SCHNEIDER, R., GURBEL, P., BANERJEE, S., GRENA, P., BEDWELL, N., SLOAN, S., LUPOVITCH, S., SONI, A., GIBSON, K., SANGRIGOLI, R., MEHTA, R., I-HSUAN TSAI, P., GILLESPIE, E., DEMPSEY, S., HAMROFF, G., BLACK, R., LADER, E., KOSTIS, J. B., BITTNER, V., MCGUINN, W., BRANCH, K., MALHOTRA, V., MICHAELSON, S., VACANTE, M., MCCORMICK, M., ARIMIE, R., CAMP, A., DAGHER, G., KOSHY, N. M., THEW, S., COSTELLO, F., HEIMAN, M., CHILTON, R., MORAN, M., ADLER, F., COMEROTA, A., SEIWERT, A., FRENCH, W., SEROTA, H., HARRISON, R., BAKAEEN, F., OMER, S., CHANDRA, L., WHELAN, A., BOYLE, A., ROBERTS-THOMSON, P., ROGERS, J., CARROLL, P., COLQUHOUN, D., SHAW, J., BLOMBERY, P., AMERENA, J., HII, C., ROYSE, A., SINGH, B., SELVANAYAGAM, J., JANSEN, S., LO, W., HAMMETT, C., POULTER, R., NARASIMHAN, S., WIGGERS, H., NIELSEN, H., GISLASON, G., KOBER, L., HOULIND, K., BOENELYKKE SOERENSEN, V., DIXEN, U., REFSGAARD, J., ZEUTHEN, E., SOEGAARD, P., HRANAI, M., GASPAR, L., PELLA, D., HATALOVA, K., DROZDAKOVA, E., COMAN, I., DIMULESCU, D., VINEREANU, D., CINTEZA, M., SINESCU, C., ARSENESCU, C., BENEDEK, I., BOBESCU, E., DOBREANU, D., GAITA, D., IANCU, A., ILIESIU, A., LIGHEZAN, D., PETRESCU, L., PIRVU, O., TEODORESCU, I., TESLOIANU, D., VINTILA, M. M., & CHIONCEL, O.
- Affiliations
- Population Health Research Institute (CA)
- Charles University (CZ)
- Thrombosis Research Institute (GB)
- Semmelweis University (HU)
- Associazione Nazionale Medici Cardiologi Ospedalieri (IT)
- University of Würzburg (DE)
- Fu Wai Hospital (CN)
- Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway (IE)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Bayer (Germany) (DE)
- Monash University (AU)
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Bayer (United States) (US)
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (ES)
- Estudios Clínicos Latinoamérica (AR)
- Hamilton General Hospital (CA)
- McMaster University (CA)
- University of Washington (US)
- Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (FR)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (FR)
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (FR)
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (FR)
- University of Cape Town (ZA)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (FR)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand (FR)
- Werkgroep Cardiologische centra Nederland (NL)
- University of Debrecen (HU)
- University of Trieste (IT)
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SE)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Hôpital Universitaire Dupuytren (FR)
- Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino (CH)
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University (UA)
- Foscal Hospital (CO)
- National Research Center for Preventive Medicine (RU)
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy (RO)
- Institutul de Urgenţă pentru Boli Cardiovasculare "Prof.Dr. C.C. Iliescu" (RO)
- Corresponding author
- Anand, Sonia S
- ORCID
- Anand, Sonia S
- Bosch, Jackie
- Eikelboom, John W
- Connolly, Stuart J
- Kakkar, Ajay K
- Keltai, Katalin
- Maggioni, Aldo P
- Störk, Stefan
- Zhu, Jun
- O'Donnell, Martin
- Fox, Keith A A
- Bhatt, Deepak L
- Misselwitz, Frank
- Vanassche, Thomas
- Leong, Darryl P
- Bangdiwala, Shrikant I
- Hart, Robert G
- Yusuf, Salim
- SCHYGIEL, PABLO OMAR
- COSTABEL, JUAN PABLO
- MACIN, STELLA MARIS
- GRINFELD, DIEGO
- VERHAMME, PETER
- DEBONNAIRE, PHILIPPE
- VRANCKX, PASCAL
- ELEGEERT, IVAN
- HOFFER, ETIENNE
- MANENTI, EULER
- REIS, GILMAR
- HERNANDES, MAURO
- TANAJURA, LUIZ FERNANDO
- TYTUS, RICHARD
- LONN, EVA
- LAMY, ANDRE
- NOISEUX, NICOLAS
- BAINEY, KEVIN
- DAGENAIS, GILLES R
- NGUYEN, MICHEL
- GUZMAN, RANDOLPH
- KHAYKIN, YAARIV
- GOSSELIN, GILBERT
- HUYNH, THAO
- ROY, ANNIE
- JIA, KAIYING
- WU, SHULIN
- ZHANG, JIWEI
- GE, JUNBO
- FU, GUOSHENG
- VESGA, BORIS
- LUBANDA, JEAN-CLAUDE
- MOTOVSKA, ZUZANA
- BRANNY, MARIAN
- HOMZA, MIROSLAV
- BRTKO, MIROSLAV
- DUARTE, YAN CARLOS
- SANCHEZ, MAYRA
- TUOMILEHTO, JAAKKO
- KANTOLA, ILKKA
- LECLERCQ, FLORENCE
- BOCCARA, FRANCK
- MESSAS, EMMANUEL
- SEVESTRE, MARIE ANTOINETTE
- CAYLA, GUILLAUME
- MOTREFF, PASCAL
- STELLBRINK, CHRISTOPH
- OPITZ, CHRISTIAN
- NIKOL, SIGRID
- SCHELLONG, SEBASTIAN
- DAVIERWALA, PIROZE
- VORPAHL, MARC
- KORANYI, LASZLO
- MURPHY, ANDREW
- MAHON, NIALL
- HALABI, MAJDI
- ZELTSER, DAVID
- KATZ, AMOS
- ATAR, SHAUL
- FAGGIANO, POMPILIO
- ROBBA, DEBORA
- MOS, LUCIO
- SINAGRA, GIANFRANCO
- GULIZIA, MICHELE MASSIMO
- GALVANI, MARCELLO
- PERNA, GIAN PIERO
- OZAKI, YUKIO
- HIGASHIUE, SHINICHI
- HOSOKAWA, SHINOBU
- FUJII, KENSHI
- KIMURA, KAZUO
- HIGUCHI, YOSHIHARU
- NODA, TOSHIYUKI
- HIRAYAMA, ATSUSHI
- INOKO, MORIAKI
- MANITA, MAMORU
- AKO, JUNYA
- YOSHIDA, TETSURO
- SHIMOMURA, HIDEKI
- KINOSHITA, NORIYUKI
- TAKAHASHI, AKIHIKO
- YUSOFF, KHALID
- KASIM, SAZZLI
- NAKANO, AKIHIKO
- NAKAMURA, SHIGERU
- SAKAMOTO, TOMOHIRO
- RONNER, EELKO
- BARTELS, GERARD
- ABOLA, MARIA TERESA
- ABAT, MARC EVANS
- JANION, MARIANNA
- GUZIK, TOMASZ
- GAJOS, GRZEGORZ
- RYNKIEWICZ, ANDRZEJ
- BRONCEL, MARLENA
- SZUBA, ANDRZEJ
- CZARNECKA, DANUTA
- SIZOVA, ZHANNA
- VOEVODA, MIKHAIL
- REPIN, ALEXEY
- EFREMUSHKINA, ANNA
- ZATEYSHCHIKOV, DMITRY
- BAE, JANG-HO
- HA, JONG-WON
- MOOE, THOMAS
- DELLBORG, MIKAEL
- ALBERTSSON, PER
- WAHLGREN, CARL-MAGNUS
- MOCCETTI, TIZIANO
- PARKHOMENKO, ALEXANDER
- TSELUYKO, VIRA
- KOVAL, OLENA
- BAZYLEVYCH, ANDRIY
- KARPENKO, OLEKSANDR
- MALYNOVSKY, YAROSLAV
- COTTON, JAMES
- CONNOLLY, DEREK
- DAVEY, PATRICK
- SENIOR, ROXY
- PEACE, AARON
- AUSTIN, DAVID
- SRIVASTAVA, SUNNY
- SHAMMAS, NICOLAS
- GURBEL, PAUL
- BANERJEE, SUBHASH
- MEHTA, RAJENDRA
- GILLESPIE, EVE
- HAMROFF, GLENN
- LADER, ELLIS
- KOSTIS, JOHN B.
- BITTNER, VERA
- CHILTON, ROBERT
- COMEROTA, ANTHONY
- BAKAEEN, FAISAL
- AMERENA, JOHN
- ROYSE, ALISTAIR
- SELVANAYAGAM, JOSEPH
- JANSEN, SHIRLEY
- HAMMETT, CHRISTOPHER
- POULTER, ROHAN
- NARASIMHAN, SESHASAYEE
- GISLASON, GUNNAR
- HOULIND, KIM
- DIXEN, ULRIK
- REFSGAARD, JENS
- PELLA, DANIEL
- SINESCU, CRINA
- BENEDEK, IMRE
- BOBESCU, ELENA
- DOBREANU, DAN
- IANCU, ADRIAN
- LIGHEZAN, DANIEL
- PETRESCU, LUCIAN
- TESLOIANU, DAN
- CHIONCEL, OVIDIU
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-01
- Volume
- 391
- Issue
- 10117
- Pages
- 219-229
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W4229536675
- Semantic Scholar
- af705d340539758c05004e20b5429bd9700e2fc2
- Cited by
- 879
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 52 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 99 · 2022: 109 · 2021: 139 · 2020: 152 · 2019: 112 · 2018: 74
- FWCI
- 72.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- ARAN (University of Galway Research Repository) (Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Lirias (submittedVersion)
- Scopus (Elsevier) (submittedVersion)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Antiplatelet Therapy and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Peripheral Artery Disease Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Internal Medicine › Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management
- Keywords
- rivaroxaban, aspirin, peripheral arterial disease, carotid artery disease, coronary artery disease, major adverse limb events, major amputation, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, antiplatelet therapy, direct oral anticoagulants, ankle-brachial index, intermittent claudication, asymptomatic carotid stenosis
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