The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
RETRACTED: 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study
Open accessAbstract
Background The long-term health consequences of COVID-19 remain largely unclear. The aim of this study was to describe the long-term health consequences of patients with COVID-19 who have been discharged from hospital and investigate the associated risk factors, in particular disease severity.Methods We did an ambidirectional cohort study of patients with confirmed COVID-19 who had been discharged from Jin Yin-tan Hospital (Wuhan, China) between Jan 7, 2020, and May 29, 2020. Patients who died before follow-up, patients for whom follow-up would be difficult because of psychotic disorders, dementia, or re-admission to hospital, those who were unable to move freely due to concomitant osteoarthropathy or immobile before or after discharge due to diseases such as stroke or pulmonary embolism, those who declined to participate, those who could not be contacted, and those living outside of Wuhan or in nursing or welfare homes were all excluded. All patients were interviewed with a series of questionnaires for evaluation of symptoms and health-related quality of life, underwent physical examinations and a 6-min walking test, and received blood tests. A stratified sampling procedure was used to sample patients according to their highest seven-category scale during their hospital stay as 3, 4, and 5-6, to receive pulmonary function test, high resolution CT of the chest, and ultrasonography. Enrolled patients who had participated in the Lopinavir Trial for Suppression of SARS-CoV-2 in China received severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody tests. Multivariable adjusted linear or logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between disease severity and long-term health consequences.Findings In total, 1733 of 2469 discharged patients with COVID-19 were enrolled after 736 were excluded. Patients had a median age of 57·0 (IQR 47·0-65·0) years and 897 (52%) were men. The follow-up study was done from June 16, to Sept 3, 2020, and the median follow-up time after symptom onset was 186·0 (175·0-199·0) days. Fatigue or muscle weakness (63%, 1038 of 1655) and sleep difficulties (26%, 437 of 1655) were the most common symptoms. Anxiety or depression was reported among 23% (367 of 1617) of patients. The proportions of median 6-min walking distance less than the lower limit of the normal range were 24% for those at severity scale 3, 22% for severity scale 4, and 29% for severity scale 5-6. The corresponding proportions of patients with diffusion impairment were 22% for severity scale 3, 29% for scale 4, and 56% for scale 5-6, and median CT scores were 3·0 (IQR 2·0-5·0) for severity scale 3, 4·0 (3·0-5·0) for scale 4, and 5·0 (4·0-6·0) for scale 5-6. After multivariable adjustment, patients showed an odds ratio (OR) 1·61 (95% CI 0·80-3·25) for scale 4 versus scale 3 and 4·60 (1·85-11·48) for scale 5-6 versus scale 3 for diffusion impairment; OR 0·88 (0·66-1·17) for scale 4 versus scale 3 and OR 1·77 (1·05-2·97) for scale 5-6 versus scale 3 for anxiety or depression, and OR 0·74 (0·58-0·96) for scale 4 versus scale 3 and 2·69 (1·46-4·96) for scale 5-6 versus scale 3 for fatigue or muscle weakness. Of 94 patients with blood antibodies tested at follow-up, the seropositivity (96·2% vs 58·5%) and median titres (19·0 vs 10·0) of the neutralising antibodies were significantly lower compared with at the acute phase. 107 of 822 participants without acute kidney injury and with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 90 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 or more at acute phase had eGFR less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 at follow-up.Interpretation At 6 months after acute infection, COVID-19 survivors were mainly troubled with fatigue or muscle weakness, sleep difficulties, and anxiety or depression. Patients who were more severely ill during their hospital stay had more severe impaired pulmonary diffusion capacities and abnormal chest imaging manifestations, and are the main target population for intervention of long-term recovery.Funding National Natural Science Foundation of China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences, National Key Research and Development Program of China, Major Projects of National Science and Technology on New Drug Creation and Development of Pulmonary Tuberculosis, and Peking Union Medical College Foundation.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Nevertheless, what emerges from preliminary data is the negative impact of long COVID on quality of life and its effects on patient work ability and social relationships [1,4,19].”
From Female gender is associated with long COVID syndrome: a prospective cohort study (2022) · cites this paper as [1]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These mental health symptoms persist even after the acute stage of the disease.”
From Psychological treatments for the mental health symptoms among individuals infected with COVID-19: a scoping review protocol (2023) · cites this paper as [5]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Further, severe lung complications from COVID-19 may have persisting limitations to respiratory function and gas exchange; this group of patients, therefore, should be the primary target population for the intervention of long-term recovery.”
From Effects of short-term breathing exercises on respiratory recovery in patients with COVID-19: a quasi-experimental study (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Abdominal chest imaging, and severe impairment to pulmonary diffusion capacities was reported in COVID-19 patients recovered from severe illness [32].”
From Effects of short-term breathing exercises on respiratory recovery in patients with COVID-19: a quasi-experimental study (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“These symptoms can endure up to 6–7 months and even longer [[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]].”
From Female gender is associated with long COVID syndrome: a prospective cohort study (2022) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Advanced age was associated with ongoing fatigue and musculoskeletal pain, or impairment in pulmonary functions, reflecting a decline in organ function and a slower ability to recover [1,16].”
From Female gender is associated with long COVID syndrome: a prospective cohort study (2022) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Literature data are not equivocal about the association between females and long COVID: some preliminary studies have shown an increased prevalence of fatigue [24] or other symptoms among women [1,5,13,16], while in other studies no gender association was found [4,[18], [19], [20]].”
From Female gender is associated with long COVID syndrome: a prospective cohort study (2022) · cites this paper as [1]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Toprak, Ö., Kurt, H., Sarı, Y., Şarkış, C., Us, H., & Kırık, A. (2017) · Kidney & Blood Pressure Research · doi:10.1159/000468530 · Cited by 29,772
A New Equation to Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate
Levey, A. S., Stevens, L. A., Schmid, C. H., Zhang, Y. (., Castro, A. F., Feldman, H. I., Kusek, J. W., Eggers, P., Van Lente, F., Greene, T., et al. (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006 · Cited by 25,603
Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19
The RECOVERY Collaborative Group (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2021436 · Cited by 11,477
Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L)
Herdman, M., Gudex, C., Lloyd, A., Janssen, M., Kind, P., Parkin, D., Bonsel, G., & Badia, X. (2011) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-011-9903-x · Cited by 9,795
Standardization of Spirometry, 1994 Update. American Thoracic Society
(1995) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.3.7663792 · Cited by 6,605
EQ-SD: a measure of health status from the EuroQol Group
Rabin, R., & Charro, F. D. (2001) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853890109002087 · Cited by 5,613
A Trial of Lopinavir–Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19
Cao, B., Wang, Y., Wen, D., Liu, W., Wang, J., Fan, G., Ruan, L., Song, B., Cai, Y., Wei, M., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2001282 · Cited by 5,258
Self-citationWiersinga, W. J., Rhodes, A., Cheng, A. C., Peacock, S. J., & Prescott, H. C. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.12839 · Cited by 4,609
Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19
Carfì, A., Bernabei, R., Landi, F., & for the Gemelli Against COVID-19 Post-Acute Care Study Group (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.12603 · Cited by 4,561
Time Course of Lung Changes at Chest CT during Recovery from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Pan, F., Ye, T., Sun, P., Gui, S., Liang, B., Li, L., Zheng, D., Wang, J., Hesketh, R. L., Yang, L., et al. (2020) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2020200370 · Cited by 2,915
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 1,004
Wong, M. C. S., Huang, J., Wong, Y. Y., Wong, G. L., Yip, T. C., Chan, N. Y., Chau, S. W. H., Ng, S. C., Wing, Y. K., & Chan, F. K. L. (2023) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/42315 · Cited by 84
COVID-19 in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
Broberg, C. S., Kovacs, A. H., Sadeghi, S., Rosenbaum, M., Lewis, M., Carazo, M., Rodriguez, F. H., Halpern, D. G., Feinberg, J. L., Arancibia-Galilea, F., et al. (2021) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.02.023 · Cited by 78
Boesl, F., Audebert, H. J., Endres, M., Prüß, H., & Franke, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.738405 · Cited by 78
Matheson, A. M., McIntosh, M. J., Kooner, H. K., Lee, J., Desaigoudar, V., Bier, E. A., Driehuys, B., Svenningsen, S., Santyr, G. E., Kirby, M., et al. (2022) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.220492 · Cited by 81
Lemhöfer, C., Sturm, C., Loudovici-Krug, D., Best, N., & Gutenbrunner, C. M. (2021) · Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology · doi:10.1186/s12995-021-00337-9 · Cited by 79
Johnsen, S., Sattler, S. M., Miskowiak, K. W., Kunalan, K., Victor, A., Pedersen, L., Andreassen, H. F., Jørgensen, B. J., Heebøll, H., Andersen, M. B., et al. (2021) · ERJ Open Research · doi:10.1183/23120541.00205-2021 · Cited by 80
Hellgren, L., Thornberg, U. B., Samuelsson, K., Levi, R., Divanoglou, A., & Blystad, I. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055164 · Cited by 81
Ramzi, Z. S. (2021) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2021.10.059 · Cited by 77
Magnusson, K., Skyrud, K. D., Surén, P., Greve‐Isdahl, M., Størdal, K., Kristoffersen, D. T., & Telle, K. E. (2022) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-066809 · Cited by 77
Pathophysiological mechanisms of thrombosis in acute and long COVID-19
Jing, H., Wu, X., Xiang, M., Liu, L., Novakovic, V. A., & Shi, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.992384 · Cited by 81
Risk of long COVID main symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Marjenberg, Z. R., Leng, S. X., Tascini, C., Garg, M., Misso, K., Guerche‐Séblain, C. E., & Shaikh, N. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-42321-9 · Cited by 77
Internet-of-Things-Enabled Data Fusion Method for Sleep Healthcare Applications
Yang, F., Wu, Q., Hu, X., Ye, J., Yang, Y., Rao, H., Ma, R., & Hu, B. (2021) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3067905 · Cited by 76
Chau, S. W. H., Wong, O. W. H., Ramakrishnan, R., Chan, S. S. M., Wong, E. K.-Y., Li, P. Y. T., Raymont, V., Elliot, K., Rathod, S., Delanerolle, G., et al. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10701-3 · Cited by 81
Scherlinger, M., Felten, R., Gallais, F., Nazon, C., Chatelus, E., Pijnenburg, L., Mengin, A. C., Gras, A., Vidailhet, P., Arnould-Michel, R., et al. (2021) · Infectious Diseases and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40121-021-00484-w · Cited by 82
Paradoxical sex-specific patterns of autoantibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection
Liu, Y., Ebinger, J. E., Mostafa, R., Budde, P. I., Gajewski, J., Walker, B., Joung, S. Y., Wu, M., Bräutigam, M., Hesping, F., et al. (2021) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-021-03184-8 · Cited by 76
Long COVID-19 and Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome- Is Dysautonomia to Be Blamed?
Chadda, K. R., Blakey, E. E., Huang, C. L.-H., & Jeevaratnam, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.860198 · Cited by 76
Self-citationPost-acute COVID-19 syndrome and kidney diseases: what do we know?
Çöpür, S., Berkkan, M., Basile, C., Tuttle, K. R., & Kanbay, M. (2022) · Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s40620-022-01296-y · Cited by 76
Immunofibrotic drivers of impaired lung function in postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Chun, H. J., Coutavas, E. E., Pine, A. B., Lee, A. I., Yu, V., Shallow, M., Giovacchini, C. X., Mathews, A. M., Stephenson, B., Que, L. G., et al. (2021) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.148476 · Cited by 75
Musculoskeletal symptoms and related factors in postacute COVID‐19 patients
Bakılan, F., Gökmen, İ. G., Ortanca, B., Uçan, A., Güvenç, Ş. E., Mutlu, F., Gökmen, H. M., & Ekim, A. A. (2021) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/ijcp.14734 · Cited by 79
Postacute Sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Jiang, D. H., Roy, D. J., Gu, B., Hassett, L. C., & McCoy, R. G. (2021) · JACC Basic to Translational Science · doi:10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.07.002 · Cited by 77
Pelosi, P. P., Tonelli, R., Torregiani, C., Baratella, E., Confalonieri, M., Battaglini, D., Marchioni, A., Confalonieri, P., Clini, E. M., Salton, F., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11061704 · Cited by 75
Wrona, M., & Skrypnik, D. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192013280 · Cited by 80
Environmental impact of microplastics and potential health hazards
Megha, K. B., Anvitha, D., Parvathi, S., Agnihotri, N., Sonia, J., & Mohanan, P. V. (2024) · Critical Reviews in Biotechnology · doi:10.1080/07388551.2024.2344572 · Cited by 78
Are vaccines safe in patients with Long COVID? A prospective observational studyPreprint
Arnold, D., Milne, A., Samms, E., Stadon, L. J., Maskell, N. A., & Hamilton, F. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.03.11.21253225 · Cited by 75
Décary, S., Gaboury, I., Poirier, S., Garcia, C., Simpson, S., Bull, M., Brown, D. A., & Daigle, F. (2021) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.0106 · Cited by 75
Normal Adrenal and Thyroid Function in Patients Who Survive COVID-19 Infection
Clarke, S. A., Phylactou, M., Patel, B., Mills, E., Muzi, B., Izzi‐Engbeaya, C. N., Choudhury, S., Khoo, B. C. E., Meeran, K. M., Comninos, A. N., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab349 · Cited by 74
COVID-19 and chronic fatigue syndrome: An endocrine perspective
Bansal, R., Gubbi, S., & Koch, C. A. (2021) · Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.jcte.2021.100284 · Cited by 74
Multi-kingdom gut microbiota analyses define COVID-19 severity and post-acute COVID-19 syndrome
Liu, Q., Su, Q., Zhang, F., Tun, H. M., Mak, J. W. Y., Lui, G. C.-Y., Ng, S. S., Ching, J. Y. L., Lu, W., Lu, W., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-34535-8 · Cited by 74
Neuroimmune contributions to Alzheimer’s disease: a focus on human data
Haage, V., & De Jager, P. L. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01637-0 · Cited by 74
Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, C., Rodríguez‐Jiménez, J., Fuensalida‐Novo, S., Palacios‐Ceña, M., Gómez‐Mayordomo, V., Florêncio, L. L., Hernández‐Barrera, V., & Arendt‐Nielsen, L. (2021) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002306 · Cited by 76
Winkler, P., Mohrová, Z., Mladá, K., Kuklová, M., Kågström, A., Mohr, P., & Formánek, T. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.05.032 · Cited by 73
Bardakçı, M. İ., Öztürk, E. N., Özkarafakılı, M. A., Özkurt, H., Yanç, U., & Sevgi, D. Y. (2021) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.27101 · Cited by 73
Li, C., Yu, D., Wu, X. J., Hong, L., Zhou, Z., Xie, Y., Li, T., Wu, J., Lu, F., Feng, L. Z., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24230-5 · Cited by 75
Self-citationHerck, M. V., Goërtz, Y. M. J., Houben‐Wilke, S., Machado, F. V. C., Meys, R., Delbressine, J. M., Vaes, A. W., Burtin, C., Posthuma, R., Franssen, F. M. E., et al. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/30274 · Cited by 77
Long-COVID diagnosis: From diagnostic to advanced AI-driven models
Cau, R., Faa, G., Nardi, V., Balestrieri, A., Puig, J., Suri, J. S., Sanfilippo, R., & Saba, L. (2022) · European Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110164 · Cited by 75
Effects of exercise rehabilitation in patients with long coronavirus disease 2019
Bárbara, C., Clavario, P., Marzo, V. D., Lotti, R., Guglielmi, G., Porcile, A., Russo, C., Griffo, R., Mäkikallio, T. H., Hautala, A. J., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwac019 · Cited by 73
Post‑COVID‑19 Syndrome in Outpatients: A Cohort Study
Desgranges, F., Tadini, E., Munting, A., Regina, J., Filippidis, P., Viala, B., Karachalias, E., Suttels, V., Haefliger, D., Kampouri, E., et al. (2021) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-021-07242-1 · Cited by 77
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and genomic sequences in human brainstem nuclei
Emmi, A., Rizzo, S., Barzon, L., Sandre, M., Carturan, E., Sinigaglia, A., Riccetti, S., Barbera, M. D., Rafael Boscolo-berto, A., Cocco, P., et al. (2023) · npj Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1038/s41531-023-00467-3 · Cited by 75
Trunfio, M., Venuti, F., Alladio, F., Longo, B. M., Burdino, E., Cerutti, F., Ghisetti, V., Bertucci, R., Picco, C., Bonora, S., et al. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13020281 · Cited by 75
COVID-19 Post-acute Sequelae Among Adults: 12 Month Mortality Risk
Mainous, A. G., Rooks, B. J., Wu, V., & Orlando, F. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.778434 · Cited by 72
Therapeutics for COVID-19 and post COVID-19 complications: An update
Basu, D., Chavda, V. P., & Mehta, A. A. (2022) · Current Research in Pharmacology and Drug Discovery · doi:10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100086 · Cited by 72
Nersesjan, V., Fonsmark, L., Christensen, R. H. B., Amiri, M., Mérie, C., Lebech, A., Katzenstein, T. L., Bang, L. E., Kjærgaard, J., Kondziella, D., et al. (2022) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.0284 · Cited by 74
Scoping review of rehabilitation care models for post COVID-19 condition
Décary, S., GROOTE, W. D., Arienti, C., Kiekens, C., Boldrini, P., Lazzarini, S. G., Dugas, M., Stefan, T., Langlois, L., Daigle, F., et al. (2022) · Bulletin of the World Health Organization · doi:10.2471/blt.22.288105 · Cited by 72
DEVRIES, A. R., Shambhu, S., Sloop, S., & Overhage, J. M. (2023) · JAMA Health Forum · doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2023.0010 · Cited by 74
Blackett, J. W., Wainberg, M. L., Elkind, M. S. V., & Freedberg, D. E. (2021) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2021.10.040 · Cited by 71
The Impact of Long COVID-19 on Muscle Health
Montes‐Ibarra, M., Oliveira, C. L. P., Orsso, C. E., Landi, F., Marzetti, E., & Prado, C. M. M. (2022) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2022.03.004 · Cited by 71
COVID-19 long-term sequelae: Omicron versus Alpha and Delta variants
Hernández‐Aceituno, A., García-Hernández, A., & Larumbe‐Zabala, E. (2023) · Infectious Diseases Now · doi:10.1016/j.idnow.2023.104688 · Cited by 71
Toward Understanding COVID-19 Recovery: National Institutes of Health Workshop on Postacute COVID-19
Lerner, A. M., Robinson, D. A., Yang, L., Williams, C., Newman, L. M., Breen, J. J., Eisinger, R. W., Schneider, J. S., Adimora, A. A., & Erbelding, E. J. (2021) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m21-1043 · Cited by 72
Tanrıverdi, A., Savcı, S., Kahraman, B. Ö., & Özpelit, E. (2021) · Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) · doi:10.1007/s11845-021-02667-3 · Cited by 70
Sansone, A., Mollaioli, D., Limoncin, E., Ciocca, G., Bắc, N. H., Thắng, N. C., Hou, G., Yuan, J., Zitzmann, M., Giraldi, A. G. E., et al. (2021) · Sexual Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2021.11.001 · Cited by 72
Updated Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Long COVID
Seo, J.-W., Kim, S. E., Kim, Y., Kim, E. J., Kim, T., Kim, T., Lee, S. H., Lee, E. J., Lee, J., Seo, Y. B., et al. (2024) · Infection and Chemotherapy · doi:10.3947/ic.2024.0024 · Cited by 78
Zhang, S., Bai, W., Yue, J., Qin, L., Zhang, C., Xu, S., Liu, X., Wang, N., & Xie, M. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-93191-y · Cited by 70
Prevalence, trajectory over time, and risk factor of post-COVID-19 fatigue
Mazza, M. G., Palladini, M., Villa, G., LORENZO, R. D., Rovere, P. Q., & Benedetti, F. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.08.008 · Cited by 70
Long-term interplay between COVID-19 and chronic kidney disease
Schiffl, H., & Lang, S. M. (2023) · International Urology and Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s11255-023-03528-x · Cited by 69
Horwitz, L. I., Thaweethai, T., Brosnahan, S. B., Cicek, M. S., Fitzgerald, M. L., Goldman, J. D., Hess, R., Hodder, S., Jacoby, V. L., Jordan, M. R., et al. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0286297 · Cited by 72
Self-citationWang, K., Khoramjoo, M., Srinivasan, K. K., Gordon, P. M. K., Mandal, R., Jackson, D., Sligl, W., Grant, M. B., Penninger, J. M., Borchers, C. H., et al. (2023) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101254 · Cited by 71
Lombardo, M. D. M., Foppiani, A., Peretti, G. M., Mangiavini, L., Battezzati, A., Bertoli, S., Boneschi, F. M., & Zuccotti, G. (2021) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofab384 · Cited by 68
Lin, Y., Wang, G., Shen, Y., Wang, Z.-Y., Zhan, B.-D., Duan, L., Lu, B., Shi, C., Gao, Y., Peng, H.-H., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiab255 · Cited by 69
Self-citationNoviello, D., Costantino, A., Muscatello, A., Bandera, A., Consonni, D., Vecchi, M. L., & Basilisco, G. (2021) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.14187 · Cited by 71
Postacute/Long COVID in Pediatrics
Morrow, A. K., Ng, R., Vargas, G., Jashar, D. T., Henning, E., Stinson, N., & Malone, L. A. (2021) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/phm.0000000000001896 · Cited by 68
Meta-analysis of prevalence: the psychological sequelae among COVID-19 survivors
Khraisat, B., Toubasi, A. A., AlZoubi, L., Al-Sayegh, T., & Mansour, A. T. (2021) · International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1080/13651501.2021.1993924 · Cited by 69
Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and its prolonged effects: An updated systematic review
Almas, T., Malik, J., Alsubai, A. K., Zaidi, S. M. J., Iqbal, R., Khan, K., Ali, M., Ishaq, U., Alsufyani, M., Hadeed, S., et al. (2022) · Annals of Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103995 · Cited by 69
Brain fog as a Long-term Sequela of COVID-19
Nouraeinejad, A. (2022) · SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1007/s42399-022-01352-5 · Cited by 72
Cognitive and Functional Connectivity Impairment in Post-COVID-19 Olfactory Dysfunction
Muccioli, L., Sighinolfi, G., Mitolo, M., Ferri, L., Rochat, M. J., Pensato, U., Taruffi, L., Testa, C. M., Masullo, M., Cortelli, P., et al. (2022) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103410 · Cited by 73
Han, X., Chen, L., Guo, L.-Y., Wu, L., Alwalid, O., Liu, J., Zheng, Y., Chen, L., Wu, W., Li, H., et al. (2024) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.01612-2023 · Cited by 75
Self-citationHigh prevalence of post COVID-19 fatigue in patients with type 2 diabetes: A case-control study
Mittal, J., Ghosh, A., Bhatt, S. P., Shajith Anoop, S., Ansari, I. A., & Misra, A. (2021) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102302 · Cited by 67
Symptoms and management of long COVID: A scoping review
Cha, C., & Baek, G. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.16150 · Cited by 67
González, J., Benitez, I. D., de Gonzalo‐Calvo, D., Torres, G., de Batlle, J., Gómez, S., Moncusí‐Moix, A., Carmona, P., Santisteve, S., Monge, A., et al. (2022) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-021-03882-1 · Cited by 67
Long COVID, the Brain, Nerves, and Cognitive Function
Reiss, A. B., Greene, C., Dayaramani, C., Rauchman, S. H., Stecker, M. M., Leon, J. D., & Pinkhasov, A. (2023) · Neurology International · doi:10.3390/neurolint15030052 · Cited by 71
Elboraay, T., Ebada, M. A., Elsayed, M., Aboeldahab, H. A., Salamah, H. M., Rageh, O. E.-S., Elmallahy, M., AboElfarh, H. E., Mansour, L. S., Nabil, Y., et al. (2025) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-025-04174-9 · Cited by 67
Carenzo, L., Protti, A., Corte, F. D., Aceto, R., Iapichino, G., Milani, A., Santini, A., Chiurazzi, C., Ferrari, M., Heffler, E. M., et al. (2021) · Annals of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/s13613-021-00881-x · Cited by 69
Martelletti, P., Bentivegna, E., Spuntarelli, V., & Luciani, M. (2021) · SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1007/s42399-021-00964-7 · Cited by 66
Duration of post–COVID-19 symptoms is associated with sustained SARS-CoV-2–specific immune responses
Files, J. K., Sarkar, S., Fram, T., Boppana, S., Sterrett, S., Qin, K., Bansal, A., Long, D. M., Sabbaj, S., Kobie, J. J., et al. (2021) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.151544 · Cited by 69
Six-Month Outcomes in COVID-19 ICU Patients and Their Family Members: A Prospective Cohort Study
van Veenendaal, N., van der Meulen, I. C., Onrust, M., Paans, W., Dieperink, W., & van der Voort, P. H. J. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare9070865 · Cited by 67
COVID-19 and the effects on pulmonary function following infection: A retrospective analysis
Lewis, K. L., Helgeson, S. A., Tatari, M. M., Mallea, J. M., Baig, H., & Patel, N. M. (2021) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101079 · Cited by 67
Zhang, J., Lin, H., Ye, B., Zhao, M. J., Zhan, J., Dong, S., Guo, Y., Zhao, Y., Li, M., Liu, S., et al. (2021) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciab884 · Cited by 69
Self-citationTleyjeh, I. M., Saddik, B. A., Ramakrishnan, R. K., AlSwaidan, N., Alanazi, A. S., Alhazmi, D., Aloufi, A., AlSumait, F., Berbari, E. F., & Halwani, R. (2021) · Journal of Infection and Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2021.11.016 · Cited by 69
Iorio, M. D., Cook, C., Vanni, K. M. M., Patel, N. J., D’Silva, K. M., Fu, X., Wang, J., Prisco, L. C., Kowalski, E., Zaccardelli, A., et al. (2022) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2022.152025 · Cited by 68
Self-citationNirmatrelvir combined with ritonavir for preventing and treating COVID-19
Reis, S., Metzendorf, M., Kuehn, R., Popp, M., Gágyor, I., Kranke, P., Meybohm, P., Skoetz, N., & Weibel, S. (2022) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd015395.pub2 · Cited by 66
Lambert, N., Corps, S., El‐Azab, S. A., Ramrakhiani, N. S., Barisano, A., Yu, L., Taylor, K., Esperança, Á., Mendiola, C., Downs, C. A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.16541 · Cited by 69
Campos, M. C., Nery, T., Starke, A. C., Alves, A. C. D. B., Speck, A. E., & Aguiar, A. S. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104902 · Cited by 71
Molecular states during acute COVID-19 reveal distinct etiologies of long-term sequelae
Thompson, R. C., Simons, N. W., Wilkins, L., Cheng, E., Valle, D. M. D., Hoffman, G. E., Cervia, C., Fennessy, B., Mouskas, K., Francoeur, N. J., et al. (2022) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-022-02107-4 · Cited by 69
Self-citationJassat, W., Mudara, C., Vika, C., Welch, R., Arendse, T., Dryden, M., Blumberg, L. H., Mayet, N. T., Tempia, S., Parker, A., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2022.12.036 · Cited by 69
Vascular “Long COVID”: A New Vessel Disease?
Zanini, G., Selleri, V., Roncati, L., Coppi, F., Nasi, M., Farinetti, A., Manenti, A., Pinti, M., & Mattioli, A. V. (2023) · Angiology · doi:10.1177/00033197231153204 · Cited by 66
Long COVID: Clinical characteristics, proposed pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets
Kenny, G., Townsend, L., Savinelli, S., & Mallon, P. W. G. (2023) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2023.1157651 · Cited by 72
Psychiatric symptoms in Long-COVID patients: a systematic review
Marchi, M., Grenzi, P., Serafini, V., Capoccia, F., Rossi, F., Marrino, P., Pingani, L., Galeazzi, G. M., & Ferrari, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1138389 · Cited by 66
Khurshid, A., Khan, K. B., Rauf, A., & Cifuentes‐Faura, J. (2023) · Resources Policy · doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.104536 · Cited by 66
Long COVID-19 Pulmonary Sequelae and Management Considerations
Boutou, A., Asimakos, A., Kortianou, E. A., Vogiatzis, I., & Τzouvelekis, Α. (2021) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm11090838 · Cited by 67
COVID-19 Survival and its impact on chronic kidney disease
Long, J. D., Strohbehn, I. A., Sawtell, R., Bhattacharyya, R. P., & Sise, M. E. (2021) · Translational research · doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2021.11.003 · Cited by 69
Eberst, G., Claudé, F., Laurent, L., Meurisse, A., Roux-Claudé, P., Barnig, C., Vernerey, D., Paget‐Bailly, S., Bouiller, K., Chirouze, C., et al. (2022) · Annals of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/s13613-022-00997-8 · Cited by 66
Depression, anxiety and post-traumatic growth among COVID-19 survivors six-month after discharge
Xiao, X., Yang, X., Zheng, W., Wang, B., Fu, L., Luo, D., Hu, Y., Ju, N., Xu, H., Fang, Y., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2022.2055294 · Cited by 70
O’Brien, K., Townsend, L., Dowds, J., Bannan, C., Nadarajan, P., Kent, B. D., Murphy, N., Sheill, G., Martín‐Loeches, I., & Guinan, E. M. (2022) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/s12931-022-02032-7 · Cited by 65
Şırayder, U., Inal-Ince, D., Kepenek-Varol, B., & Açık, C. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19106304 · Cited by 70
Preliminary Guidelines for the Clinical Evaluation and Management of Long COVID
Kim, Y., Kim, S. E., Kim, T., Yun, K. W., Lee, S. H., Lee, E. J., Seo, J.-W., Jung, Y. H., & Chong, Y. P. (2022) · Infection and Chemotherapy · doi:10.3947/ic.2022.0141 · Cited by 65
Cardiac Arrhythmias in Post-COVID Syndrome: Prevalence, Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Huseynov, A., Akın, İ., Duerschmied, D., & Scharf, R. E. (2023) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v15020389 · Cited by 68
The role of immune activation and antigen persistence in acute and long COVID
Opsteen, S., Files, J. K., Fram, T., & Erdmann, N. B. (2023) · Journal of Investigative Medicine · doi:10.1177/10815589231158041 · Cited by 65
Platelets and SARS-CoV-2 During COVID-19: Immunity, Thrombosis, and Beyond
Sciaudone, A. R., Corkrey, H. A., Humphries, F., & Koupenova, M. (2023) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.122.321930 · Cited by 68
Chudzik, M., Babicki, M., Kapusta, J., Kałuzińska-Kołat, Ż., Kołat, D., Jankowski, P., & Mastalerz-Migas, A. (2022) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v14081755 · Cited by 65
Naturally Acquired SARS-CoV-2 Immunity Persists for Up to 11 Months Following Infection
Giorgi, V. D., West, K. A., Henning, A. N., Chen, L. N., Holbrook, M. R., Gross, R., Liang, J. Y., Postnikova, E. N., Trenbeath, J. L., Pogue, S., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiab295 · Cited by 65
Self-citationTrajectories of Neurologic Recovery 12 Months After Hospitalization for COVID-19
Frontera, J. A., Yang, D., Medicherla, C. B., Baskharoun, S., Bauman, K., Bell, L., Bhagat, D., Bondi, S., Chervinsky, A., Dygert, L., et al. (2022) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000200356 · Cited by 64
Metadata
- Authors
- Huang, C., Huang, L., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Gu, X., Kang, L., Guo, L., Liu, M., Zhou, X., Luo, J., Huang, Z., Tu, S., Zhao, Y., Chen, L., Xu, D., Li, Y., Li, C., Peng, L., Li, Y., Xie, W., Cui, D., Shang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Wang, G., Wang, Y., Zhong, J., Wang, C., Wang, J., Zhang, D., & Cao, B.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CN)
- Capital Medical University (CN)
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital (CN)
- Jinyintan Hospital (CN)
- Peking University (CN)
- Harbin Medical University (CN)
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (CN)
- Tsinghua University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Cao, Bin
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 397
- Issue
- 10270
- Pages
- 220-232
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- PMC
- PMC7833295
- OpenAlex
- W3120387768
- Cited by
- 4,084
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 67 · 2025: 180 · 2024: 510 · 2023: 934 · 2022: 1300 · 2021: 1088
- FWCI
- 458.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Status
- Retracted
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science and Technology Major Project (2020ZX09201001)
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2020-I2M-CoV19\u2013005)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (82041011/H0104)
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1200102)
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, long-term health effects, long COVID, fatigue, muscle weakness, sleep disorders, anxiety, depression, disease severity, health-related quality of life, physical function, lung function, SARS-CoV-2, retraction, Wuhan, post-discharge follow-up, risk factors, lopinavir
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Serological Testing, Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome, Aged, China, Fatigue, Female, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Sleep Wake Disorders, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Muscle Weakness, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
