The DOI matches its Crossref record; 117 of the 117 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dilated cardiomyopathy: causes, mechanisms, and current and future treatment approaches
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy is conventionally defined as the presence of left ventricular or biventricular dilatation or systolic dysfunction in the absence of abnormal loading conditions (eg, primary valve disease) or significant coronary artery disease sufficient to cause ventricular remodelling. This definition has been recognised as overly restrictive, as left ventricular hypokinesis without dilation could be the initial presentation of dilated cardiomyopathy. The causes of dilated cardiomyopathy comprise genetic (primary dilated cardiomyopathy) or acquired factors (secondary dilated cardiomyopathy). Acquired factors include infections, toxins, cancer treatment, endocrinopathies, pregnancy, tachyarrhythmias, and immune-mediated diseases. 5-15% of patients with acquired dilated cardiomyopathy harbour a likely pathogenic or pathogenic gene variant (ie, gene mutation). Therefore, the diagnostic tests and therapeutic approach should always consider both genetic and acquired factors. This Seminar will focus on the current multidimensional diagnostic and therapeutic approach and discuss the underlying pathophysiology that could drive future treatments aiming to repair or replace the existing gene mutation, or target the specific inflammatory, metabolic, or pro-fibrotic drivers of genetic or acquired dilated cardiomyopathy.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure
McDonagh, T. A., Metra, M., Adamo, M., Gardner, R. S., Baumbach, A., Böhm, M., Burri, H., Butler, J., Čelutkienė, J., Chioncel, O., et al. (2021) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368 · Cited by 13,344
Self-citationDapagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction
McMurray, J. J. V., Solomon, S. D., Inzucchi, S. E., Køber, L., Kosiborod, M. N., Martinez, F. A., Ponikowski, P., Sabatine, M. S., Anand, I. S., Bělohlávek, J., et al. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1911303 · Cited by 7,140
Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure
McMurray, J. J. V., Packer, M., Desai, A. S., Gong, J., Lefkowitz, M. P., Rizkala, A. R., Rouleau, J. L., Shi, V. C., Solomon, S. D., Swedberg, K., et al. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1409077 · Cited by 6,957
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2022 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Tsao, C. W., Aday, A. W., Almarzooq, Z. I., Alonso, A., Beaton, A. Z., Bittencourt, M. S., Boehme, A. K., Buxton, A. E., Carson, A. P., Commodore-Mensah, Y., et al. (2022) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001052 · Cited by 5,987
Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure
Packer, M., Anker, S. D., Butler, J., Filippatos, G., Pocock, S. J., Carson, P., Januzzi, J., Verma, S., Tsutsui, H., Brueckmann, M., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2022190 · Cited by 5,206
Caforio, A. L. P., Pankuweit, S., Arbustini, E., Basso, C., Gimeno-Blanes, J., Felix, S. B., Fu, M., Heliö, T., Heymans, S., Jahns, R., et al. (2013) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht210 · Cited by 3,479
Self-citationZeppenfeld, K., Tfelt-Hansen, J., de Riva, M., Winkel, B. G., Behr, E. R., Blom, N. A., Charron, P., Corrado, D., Dagres, N., de Chillou, C., et al. (2022) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac262 · Cited by 3,140
Eplerenone in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms
Zannad, F., McMurray, J. J. V., Krum, H., van Veldhuisen, D. J., Swedberg, K., Shi, H., Vincent, J., Pocock, S. J., & Pitt, B. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1009492 · Cited by 3,111
Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure
Packer, M., Coats, A. J. S., Fowler, M. B., Katus, H. A., Krum, H., Mohacsi, P., Rouleau, J. L., Tendera, M., Castaigne, A., Roecker, E. B., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200105313442201 · Cited by 3,093
Defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic systolic heart failure
Køber, L., Thune, J. J., Nielsen, J. C., Haarbo, J., Videbæk, L., Korup, E., Jensen, G., Hildebrandt, P., Steffensen, F. H., Bruun, N. E., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1608029 · Cited by 1,763
Cited by
Heart failure in low-income and middle-income countries
Mbanze, I., Spracklen, T. F., Jessen, N., Damasceno, A., & Sliwa, K. (2025) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2024-324176 · Cited by 21
Metadata
- Authors
- Heymans, S., Lakdawala, N. K., Tschöpe, C., & Klingel, K.
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-09
- Volume
- 402
- Issue
- 10406
- Pages
- 998-1011
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W4386788823
- Cited by
- 267
- References
- 117
- FWCI
- 47.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Dilated cardiomyopathy: causes, mechanisms, and current and future treatment approaches. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01241-2
- The paper
- Heymans, S., Lakdawala, N. K., Tschöpe, C., & Klingel, K. (2023). Dilated cardiomyopathy: causes, mechanisms, and current and future treatment approaches. The Lancet. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01241-2
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
