The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
‘Powerful Placebo: The Dark Side of the Randomised Controlled Trial’
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Those who carried out such trials have assumed that all therapy incorporated a specific drug effect.”
From The Question of Efficacy (2015) · cites this paper as Kaptchuk 1998b
Citations
Cites
A history and theory of informed consent
Kapp, M. B. (1986) · Journal of Legal Medicine · doi:10.1080/01947648609513478 · Cited by 2,328
Beecher, H. K. (1955) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1955.02960340022006 · Cited by 1,850
A history and theory of informed consent
Spiro, H. M. (1987) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/0016-5085(87)90657-3 · Cited by 1,417
Parascandola, J., & Marks, H. M. (1999) · The American Historical Review · doi:10.2307/2650255 · Cited by 417
Concept of true and perceived placebo effects
Ernst, E., & Resch, K. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7004.551 · Cited by 407
Spilker, B. (1991) · Cited by 322
Intentional Ignorance: A History of Blind Assessment and Placebo Controls in Medicine
Kaptchuk, T. J. (1998) · Bulletin of the history of medicine · doi:10.1353/bhm.1998.0159 · Cited by 315
Self-citationHill, A. B. (1952) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm195207242470401 · Cited by 256
Wolf, S. (1950) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci102225 · Cited by 253
The power of nonspecific effects in healing: Implications for psychosocial and biological treatments
Roberts, A. H., Kewman, D., Mercier, L., & Hovell, M. (1993) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(93)90010-j · Cited by 190
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Anon, 1885, Placebos, Med Record, 27, 576
- Pepper, 1945, A note on the placebo, Am J Pharm, 117, 409
- Anon, 1954, The humble humbug, Lancet, ii, 321
- Liberman, 1967, The elusive placebo reactor, Neuropsychopharm, 5, 557
- Beecher, 1953, The effectiveness of placebo “reactors” and “non-reactors”, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 109, 393
- Evans, 1974, The placebo response in pain reduction, Adv Neurology, 4, 289
- Kaptchuk, 1997, Legitimate evidence: randomized or otherwise, Advances, 13, 48
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–338 of 338
Holbrook, A. M., Goldsmith, C. H., & Leung, M. (2005) · Encyclopedia of Biostatistics · doi:10.1002/0470011815.b2a04037
(2015) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822375203-010
The Neural Correlates of Expectations Effects
Wicht, C. A. (2022) · doi:10.51363/unifr.sth.2022.003
¿Se debería plantear la indicación del placebo en la práctica clínica?
Llitjos, A. D. (2022) · Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación · doi:10.1016/j.redar.2021.11.004
Holbrook, A. M., Goldsmith, C. H., & Leung, M. (2008) · Wiley Encyclopedia of Clinical Trials · doi:10.1002/9780471462422.eoct984
Holbrook, A. M., Goldsmith, C. H., & Leung, M. (2014) · doi:10.1002/9781118596005.ch61
Raby, B. A., & Rogers, A. J. (2012) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.13219956.15301069
Keel, O. (2011) · Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal eBooks · doi:10.4000/books.pum.4394
Giraldi, T. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57657-2_7
(2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-540-26584-8_7
Evidence-Based Acupuncture? a Challenge Ahead
MacPherson, H. (2018) · Asian Medicine · doi:10.1163/15734218-00101008
Can complementary medicine be evidence based?
Yamey, G. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/sbmj.0010351
Robinson, R. F., & Nahata, M. C. (2002) · Informa Healthcare eBooks · doi:10.3109/9780824706081.132
Scales, C. D., & Penson, D. F. (2018) · doi:10.1002/9781119129875.ch2
Holbrook, A. M., Goldsmith, C. H., & Leung, M. (2005) · Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences · doi:10.1002/0471667196.ess7191
(2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-58210-3.10016-9
Maciel, L. Y. D. S., Neto, M. L. P., Leite, P. M. S., Mendonça, A. C. R., Santana, M. M. S., de Araújo, C. C. A., Souza, J. H. S., Santana, É. T. N., & DeSantana, J. M. (2022) · Journal of Musculoskeletal Research · doi:10.1142/s0218957722500221
(2013) · Éditions Sciences Humaines eBooks · doi:10.3917/sh.borch.2013.01.0339
Should we consider the indication of placebo in clinical practice?
Llitjos, A. D. (2023) · Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.redare.2021.11.007
Arthrose des Kniegelenkes – Konservative Therapie
Grün, U. W., & Madry, H. (2023) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-54673-0_310-1
Mental Processes and Health: The Mind-Body Connection
McDowell, I. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-28986-6_11
Placebos and Placebo Effects: Making Sense of the Conceptual Confusion
Louhiala, P. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-8706-2_34-2
Limits of ethical non-human subjects research in an applied setting
Biggs, A. T. (2024) · Accountability in Research · doi:10.1080/08989621.2024.2313018
Non-verbal elements of rapport during endoscopic procedures - a video ethnographic studyPreprint
Hoek, K., Zweeden, V. H., Velzen, V. M., & Sarton, E. Y. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4562058/v1
Brain and body: Implanting a placebo in the brain to alleviate pain
Kong, J. (2024) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2024.08.055
Three Faith-based Factors in Healing – A Need to Relook in Modern Medicine
Sethuraman, K. R. (2024) · SBV Journal of Basic Clinical and Applied Health Science · doi:10.4103/sbvj.sbvj_46_24 · Cited by 1
Clinical Study Design and Evaluation of the Efficacy in the Treatment
Kamiya, T., Hagiwara, H., & Fukuta, H. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-8410-3_18
Efecto placebo y efecto nocebo
Bourdin, V., & Mouly, S. J. (2025) · EMC - Tratado de Medicina · doi:10.1016/s1636-5410(24)49927-3
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Surgical Interventions
Park, L. J., Simunovic, M. R. I., Bhandari, M., & Serrano, P. E. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-87083-5_11
Placebos and Placebo Effects: Making Sense of the Conceptual Confusion
Louhiala, P. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-024-2252-8_34
The placebo effect in psychotherapy
Gaab, J. (2025) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-29884-4.00021-2
Jorgensen, K. (2012) · DigitalCommons - Kennesaw State University (Kennesaw State University)
The physiology of survival: From the third man to placebo escape hatch?
Marino, F. E., & Marino, A. (2026) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep094011
Problemy z placebo i ślepą próbą magnetycznej stosowanych w psychiatrii
Zyss, T., Dudek, D., Zięba, A., Hese, R. T., Krawczyk, A., Gorczyca, P. W., & Sobiś, J. (2011) · PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY
Übersicht zur Forschung in der Homöopathie
Teixeira, M. Z. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-57260-9.50013-x
Antimalarial clinical trial protocols—can we avoid risk to patients?
Gogtay, N., Chogle, A. R., Sorabjee, J. S., Marathe, S. N., & Kshirsagar, N. A. (2000) · Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology · doi:10.1080/00034983.2000.11813557
Activación de la respuesta curativa
Caspi, O. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-84-458-1911-1.50102-0
Metadata
- Authors
- Kaptchuk, T. J.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kaptchuk, Ted J
- ORCID
- Kaptchuk, Ted J
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-06
- Volume
- 351
- Issue
- 9117
- Pages
- 1722-1725
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W2146129917
- Cited by
- 339
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 5.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Fetzer Institute
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (U24 AR3441)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Historical Medical Research and Treatments
- Keywords
- placebo, placebo effect, placebo ethics, efficacy evaluation
- MeSH terms
- Double-Blind Method, Ethics, Medical, Humans, Placebos, Placebo Effect, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Risk Assessment, Paternalism, Control Groups, Research Subjects, Biomedical Research, History, 20th Century
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
