Predictive value of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for relapse rate and changes in disability or impairment in multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis

Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: An expanded disability status scale (EDSS)

Kurtzke, J. F. (1983) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.33.11.1444 · Cited by 15,011

New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: Guidelines for research protocols

Poser, C. M., Paty, D. W., Scheinberg, L., McDonald, W. I., Davis, F. A., Ebers, G. C., Johnson, K. P., Sibley, W. A., Silberberg, D. H., & Tourtellotte, W. W. (1983) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410130302 · Cited by 7,384

Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis

LUBLIN, F. D., & Reingold, S. C. (1996) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.46.4.907 · Cited by 3,762

Generalized Linear Models

Schuenemeyer, J. H., McCullagh, P. J., & Nelder, J. A. (1992) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1269238 · Cited by 2,702

Interferon beta‐lb in the treatment of multiple sclerosis

The IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group and the University of British Columbia MS/MRI Analysis Group (1995) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.45.7.1277 · Cited by 971

The role of magnetic resonance techniques in understanding and managing multiple sclerosis

Miller, D. (1998) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/121.1.3 · Cited by 553

Inflammatory central nervous system demyelination: Correlation of magnetic resonance imaging findings with lesion pathology

Brück, W., Bitsch, A., Kolenda, H., Brück, Y., Stiefel, M., & Lassmann, H. (1997) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410420515 · Cited by 520

The prognostic value of brain MRI in clinically isolated syndromes of the CNS. A 10-year follow-up

O’Riordan, J. I. (1998) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/121.3.495 · Cited by 480

Accumulation of hypointense lesions ("black holes") on T 1 spin-echo MRI correlates with disease progression in multiple sclerosis

Truyen, L., van Waesberghe, J. H. T. M., van Walderveen, M. A. A., van Oosten, B. W., Polman, C. H., Hommes, O. R., Adèr, H. J., & Barkhof, F. (1996) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.47.6.1469 · Cited by 461

Correlation between magnetic resonance imaging findings and lesion development in chronic, active multiple sclerosis

Katz, D., Taubenberger, J. K., Cannella, B., McFarlin, D. E., Raine, C. S., & McFarland, H. F. (1993) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410340507 · Cited by 387

Disease modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis: Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the MS Council for Clinical Practice Guidelines [RETIRED]

Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the MS Council for Clinical Practice Guidelines, Goodin, D. S., Frohman, E. M., Garmany, G. P., Halper, J., Likosky, W., LUBLIN, F. D., Silberberg, D. H., Stuart, W. H., & van den Noort, S. (2002) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.58.2.169 · Cited by 797

Molecular physiology and pathophysiology of tight junctions in the blood–brain barrier

Huber, J. D., Egleton, R. D., & Davis, T. P. (2001) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)02004-x · Cited by 790

European/Canadian multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the effects of glatiramer acetate on magnetic resonance imaging--measured disease activity and burden in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. European/Canadian Glatiramer Acetate Study Group.

Comi, G., Filippi, M., & Wolinsky, J. S. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 688

European/Canadian multicenter, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study of the effects of glatiramer acetate on magnetic resonance imaging–measured disease activity and burden in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis

Comi, G., Filippi, M., Wolinsky, J. S., & European/Canadian Glatiramer Acetate Study Group (2001) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.64 · Cited by 768

Blood neurofilament light chain as a biomarker of MS disease activity and treatment response

Kühle, J., Kropshofer, H., Häring, D. A., Kundu, U., Meinert, R., Barro, C., Dahlke, F., Tomic, D., Leppert, D., & Kappos, L. (2019) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000007032 · Cited by 568

Incidental MRI anomalies suggestive of multiple sclerosis: The radiologically isolated syndrome

Okuda, D. T., Mowry, E. M., Beheshtian, A., Waubant, E., Baranzini, S. E., Goodin, D. S., Hauser, S. L., & Pelletier, D. (2009) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000335764.14513.1a · Cited by 642

Efficacy and safety of oral fumarate in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIb study.

Kappos, L., Gold, R., Miller, D. H., MacManus, D., Havrdová, E., Limmroth, V., Polman, C., Schmierer, K., Yousry, T., Yang, M.-H., et al. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61619-0 · Cited by 462

Silent progression in disease activity–free relapsing multiple sclerosis

Cree, B., Hollenbach, J. A., Bove, R. M., Kirkish, G., Sacco, S., Caverzasi, E., Bischof, A., Gundel, T. J., Zhu, A. H., Papinutto, N., et al. (2019) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.25463 · Cited by 468

Brain health: time matters in multiple sclerosis

Giovannoni, G., Butzkueven, H., Dhib-Jalbut, S. S., Hobart, J. C., Kobelt, G., Pepper, G., Sormani, M. P., Thalheim, C., Traboulsee, A. L., & Vollmer, T. L. (2016) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2016.07.003 · Cited by 480

Randomized controlled trial of interferon-beta-1a in secondary progressive MS

Li, D. K. B., Zhao, G., & Paty, D. W. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.56.11.1505 · Cited by 458

Prospective study on the relationship between infections and multiple sclerosis exacerbations

Buljevac, D., Flach, H. Z., Hop, W. C. J., Hijdra, D., Laman, J. D., Savelkoul, H. F. J., van der Meché, F. G. A., van Doorn, P. A., & Hintzen, R. Q. (2002) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awf098 · Cited by 426

The role of MCP-1 (CCL2) and CCR2 in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)

Mahad, D., & Ransohoff, R. M. (2002) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/s1044-5323(02)00125-2 · Cited by 412

Diffusion tensor imaging of post mortem multiple sclerosis brain

Schmierer, K., Wheeler-Kingshott, C. A. M., Boulby, P. A., Scaravilli, F., Altmann, D. R., Barker, G. J., Tofts, P. S., & Miller, D. H. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.12.010 · Cited by 395

Optical coherence tomography reflects brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis: A four‐year study

Saidha, S., Al‐Louzi, O., Ratchford, J. N., Bhargava, P., Oh, J., Newsome, S. D., Prince, J. L., Pham, D. L., Roy, S., van Zijl, P. C. M., et al. (2015) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.24487 · Cited by 400

Long-term effect of early treatment with interferon beta-1b after a first clinical event suggestive of multiple sclerosis: 5-year active treatment extension of the phase 3 BENEFIT trial

Kappos, L., Freedman, M. S., Polman, C. H., Edan, G., Hartung, H., Miller, D. H., Montalbán, X., Barkhof, F., Radue, E. W., Metzig, C., et al. (2009) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(09)70237-6 · Cited by 374

Deep learning enables reduced gadolinium dose for contrast-enhanced brain MRI

Gong, E., Pauly, J. M., Wintermark, M., & Zaharchuk, G. (2018) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.25970 · Cited by 351

MRI criteria for multiple sclerosis in patients presenting with clinically isolated syndromes: a multicentre retrospective study

Swanton, J. K., Rovira, À., Tintoré, M., Altmann, D. R., Barkhof, F., Filippi, M., Huerga, E. C., Miszkiel, K., Plant, G. T., Polman, C. H., et al. (2007) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(07)70176-x · Cited by 330

Cladribine and progressive MS

Rice, G. P., Filippi, M., & Comi, G. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.54.5.1145 · Cited by 322

Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: current knowledge and future challenges

Rovaris, M., Confavreux, C., Furlan, R., Kappos, L., Comi, G., & Filippi, M. (2006) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(06)70410-0 · Cited by 304

High field MRI correlates of myelin content and axonal density in multiple sclerosis

Mottershead, J. P., Schmierer, K., Clemence, M., Thornton, J. S., Scaravilli, F., Barker, G. J., Tofts, P. S., Newcombe, J., Cuzner, M. L., Ordidge, R. J., et al. (2003) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-003-0192-3 · Cited by 296

Reaching an evidence-based prognosis for personalized treatment of multiple sclerosis

Rotstein, D., & Montalbán, X. (2019) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-019-0170-8 · Cited by 308

The contribution of magnetic resonance imaging to the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis

Fazekas, F., Barkhof, F., Filippi, M., Grossman, R. I., Li, D. K. B., McDonald, W. I., McFarland, H. F., Paty, D. W., Simon, J. H., Wolinsky, J. S., et al. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.3.448 · Cited by 287

Quantitative magnetic resonance of postmortem multiple sclerosis brain before and after fixation

Schmierer, K., Wheeler‐Kingshott, C. A. M., Tozer, D. J., Boulby, P. A., Parkes, H. G., Yousry, T. A., Scaravilli, F., Barker, G. J., Tofts, P. S., & Miller, D. H. (2008) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.21487 · Cited by 281

MR Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis

Filippi, M., & Rocca, M. A. (2011) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.11101362 · Cited by 280

Quantitative Magnetization Transfer Imaging in Postmortem Multiple Sclerosis Brain

Schmierer, K., Tozer, D., Scaravilli, F., Altmann, D., Barker, G. J., Tofts, P., & Miller, D. H. (2007) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.20984 · Cited by 296

Blood-brain barrier permeability and monocyte infiltration in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: a quantitative MRI study.

Floris, S., Blezer, E., Schreibelt, G., Döpp, E. D., van der Pol, S. V. D., Schadee-Eestermans, I., Nicolay, K., Dijkstra, C. D., & de Vries, H. D. (2004) · Brain : a journal of neurology · doi:10.1093/brain/awh068 · Cited by 295

MRI contrast uptake in new lesions in relapsing-remitting MS followed at weekly intervals

Cotton, F., Weiner, H. L., Jolesz, F. A., & Guttmann, C. R. G. (2003) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000046587.83503.1e · Cited by 258

T2 Hypointensity in the Deep Gray Matter of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis

Bakshi, R., Benedict, R. H. B., Bermel, R. A., Caruthers, S. D., Puli, S. R., Tjoa, C. W., Fabiano, A. J., & Jacobs, L. R. (2002) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.59.1.62 · Cited by 231

Interferon beta-1b in secondary progressive MS

Kappos, L., Weinshenker, B. G., Pozzilli, C., Thompson, A. J., Dahlke, F., Beckmann, K., Polman, C. H., & McFarland, H. F. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000145561.08973.4f · Cited by 224

Association of British Neurologists: revised (2015) guidelines for prescribing disease-modifying treatments in multiple sclerosis

Scolding, N. J., Barnes, D., Cader, S., Chataway, J., Chaudhuri, A., Coles, A. J., Giovannoni, G., Miller, D. H., Rashid, W., Schmierer, K., et al. (2015) · Practical Neurology · doi:10.1136/practneurol-2015-001139 · Cited by 222

Infratentorial Lesions Predict Long-term Disability in Patients With Initial Findings Suggestive of Multiple Sclerosis

Minneboo, A., Barkhof, F., Polman, C. H., Uitdehaag, B. M. J., Knol, D. L., & Castelijns, J. A. (2004) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.61.2.217 · Cited by 215

Intrathecal Delivery of IFN-γ Protects C57BL/6 Mice from Chronic-Progressive Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Increasing Apoptosis of Central Nervous System-Infiltrating Lymphocytes

Furlan, R., Brambilla, E., Ruffini, F., Poliani, P. L., Bergami, A., Marconi, P., Franciotta, D. M., Penna, G., Comı, G., Adorini, L., et al. (2001) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.167.3.1821 · Cited by 188

A 3‐year magnetic resonance imaging study of cortical lesions in relapse‐onset multiple sclerosis

Calabrese, M., Rocca, M., Atzori, M., Mattisi, I., Favaretto, A., Perini, P., Gallo, P., & Filippi, M. (2009) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21906 · Cited by 199

MR imaging of relapsing multiple sclerosis patients using ultra-small-particle iron oxide and compared with gadolinium.

Dousset, V., Brochet, B., Deloire, M. S. A., Lagoarde, L., Barroso, B., Caillé, J. M., & Petry, K. G. (2006) · PubMed Central · Cited by 182

Predictors of long‐term outcome in multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferon beta

Bermel, R. A., You, X., Foulds, P., Hyde, R., Simon, J. H., Fisher, E., & Rudick, R. A. (2012) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.23758 · Cited by 178

Intrathecal IgM synthesis is a prognostic factor in multiple sclerosis

Villar, L. M., Masjuán, J., González‐Porqué, P., Plaza, J. M., Sádaba, M. C., Roldán, E., Bootello, A., & Alvarez-Cermeño, J. C. (2002) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.10441 · Cited by 172

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation suppresses Gd-enhanced MRI activity in MS

Mancardi, G., Saccardi, R., Filippi, M., Gualandi, F., Murialdo, A., Inglese, M., Marrosu, M. G., Meucci, G., Massacesi, L., Lugaresi, A., et al. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.57.1.62 · Cited by 168

Differentiation and quantification of inflammation, demyelination and axon injury or loss in multiple sclerosis

Wang, Y., Sun, P., Wang, Q., Trinkaus, K. M., Schmidt, R. E., Naismith, R. T., Cross, A. H., & Song, S. (2015) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awv046 · Cited by 166

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple SclerosisPreprint

Hemond, C. C., & Bakshi, R. (2018) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a028969 · Cited by 172

Magnetization transfer MRI metrics predict the accumulation of disability 8 years later in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Agosta, F., Rovaris, M., Pagani, E., Sormani, M., Comi, G., & Filippi, M. (2006) · Brain : a journal of neurology · doi:10.1093/brain/awl208 · Cited by 162

Sensorimotor dysfunction in multiple sclerosis and column-specific magnetization transfer-imaging abnormalities in the spinal cord

Zackowski, K. M., Smith, S. A., Reich, D. S., Gordon‐Lipkin, E. M., Chodkowski, B., Sambandan, D. R., Shteyman, M., Bastian, A. J., van Zijl, P. C. M., & Calabresi, P. A. (2009) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awp032 · Cited by 154

Visual and motor evoked potentials in the course of multiple sclerosis

Fuhr, P. (2001) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/124.11.2162 · Cited by 151

T-cell- and macrophage-mediated axon damage in the absence of a CNS-specific immune response: involvement of metalloproteinases

Newman, T. A. (2001) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/124.11.2203 · Cited by 143

MRI techniques to monitor MS evolution: The present and the future

Filippi, M., & Grossman, R. (2002) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.58.8.1147 · Cited by 152

Imaging biomarkers in multiple sclerosis

Filippi, M., & Agosta, F. (2010) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.22102 · Cited by 141

Quality of Life and Its Relationship to Brain Lesions and Atrophy on Magnetic Resonance Images in 60 Patients With Multiple Sclerosis

Janardhan, V., & Bakshi, R. (2000) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.57.10.1485 · Cited by 137

Linomide in relapsing and secondary progressive MS

Wolinsky, J. S., Narayana, P. A., Noseworthy, J. H., LUBLIN, F. D., Whitaker, J. N., Linde, A., Gjörstrup, P., & Sullivan, H. C. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.54.9.1734 · Cited by 135

Conventional and magnetization transfer MRI predictors of clinical multiple sclerosis evolution: a medium-term follow-up study

Rovaris, M. (2003) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awg232 · Cited by 135

Quality of life as a predictor for change in disability in MS

Nortvedt, M. W., Riise, T., Myhr, K., & Nyland, H. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.55.1.51 · Cited by 134

Clinical–Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlations in Multiple Sclerosis

Zivadinov, R., & Leist, T. P. (2005) · Journal of Neuroimaging · doi:10.1177/1051228405283291 · Cited by 134

Aggressive multiple sclerosis: proposed definition and treatment algorithm

Rush, C., MacLean, H. J., & Freedman, M. S. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2015.85 · Cited by 128

Biomarkers and surrogate outcomes in neurodegenerative disease: Lessons from multiple sclerosis

Miller, D. H. (2004) · NeuroRx · doi:10.1602/neurorx.1.2.284 · Cited by 77

Prognostic Factors in Multiple Sclerosis

Bergamaschi, R. C. (2007) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(07)79019-0 · Cited by 126

Intense T cell depletion followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation for severe multiple sclerosis

Samijn, J. P. A. (2005) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2005.063883 · Cited by 125

Clinical immunology of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator fingolimod (FTY720) in multiple sclerosis

Mehling, M., Johnson, T., Antel, J. P., Kappos, L., & Bar‐Or, A. (2011) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e31820db341 · Cited by 128

Mesenchymal stem cells and conditioned media in the treatment of multiple sclerosis patients: Clinical, ophthalmological and radiological assessments of safety and efficacy

Dahbour, S. S., Jamali, F., Alhattab, D. M., Al‐Radaideh, A., Ababneh, O. H., Al-Ryalat, N. T., Bdour, M. D. A., Hourani, B., Msallam, M. M., Rasheed, M., et al. (2017) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.12759 · Cited by 124

Interferon beta-1b and intravenous methylprednisolone promote lesion recovery in multiple sclerosis

Richert, N. D., Ostuni, J. L., Bash, C. N., Leist, T. P., McFarland, H. F., & Frank, J. A. (2001) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/135245850100700109 · Cited by 124

The pathology of primary progressive multiple sclerosis

Lucchinetti, C., & Brück, W. (2004) · Multiple Sclerosis · doi:10.1191/1352458504ms1027oa · Cited by 19

Review: The architecture of inflammatory demyelinating lesions: implications for studies on pathogenesis

Lassmann, H. (2011) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2011.01189.x · Cited by 123

Predictors of long–term clinical response to interferon beta therapy in relapsing multiple sclerosis

Tomassini, V., Paolillo, A., Russo, P., Giugni, E., Prosperini, L., Gasperini, C., Antonelli, G., Bastianello, S., & Pozzilli, C. (2005) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-005-0979-5 · Cited by 118

Disease-modifying drugs for multiple sclerosis: a rapid and systematic review.

Clegg, A. J., Bryant, J., & Milne, R. (2000) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta4090 · Cited by 118

MR Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis: Review and Recommendations for Current Practice

Lövblad, K., Anzalone, N., Dörfler, A., Essig, M., Hurwitz, B. J., Kappos, L., Lee, S., & Filippi, M. (2009) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a1906 · Cited by 116

Lesion remyelinating activity of GSK239512 versus placebo in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomised, single-blind, phase II study

Schwartzbach, C. J., Grove, R. A., Brown, R. A., Tompson, D. J., Bergh, F. T., & Arnold, D. L. (2016) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-016-8341-7 · Cited by 116

IS THERE A DIFFERENTIAL IMPACT OF FATIGUE AND PHYSICAL DISABILITY ON QUALITY OF LIFE IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS?

Merkelbach, S., Sittinger, H., & Koenig, J. (2002) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-200206000-00007 · Cited by 116

Intravenous immunoglobulin in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

Fazekas, F., LUBLIN, F. D., Li, D., Freedman, M. S., Hartung, H., Rieckmann, P., Sørensen, P. S., Maas-Enríquez, M., Sommerauer, B., & Hanna, K. (2008) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000318281.98220.6f · Cited by 115

Relationship between MRI lesion activity and response to IFN-β in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients

Río, J., Rovira, À., Tintoré, M., Huerga, E. C., Nos, C., Téllez, N., Tur, C., Comabella, M., & Montalbán, X. (2008) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458507085555 · Cited by 115

Impact of Fingolimod Therapy on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Outcomes in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis

Radue, E. W. (2012) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2012.1051 · Cited by 115

2024 MAGNIMS–CMSC–NAIMS consensus recommendations on the use of MRI for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis

Barkhof, F., Reich, D. S., Oh, J., Rocca, M. A., Li, D. K. B., Sati, P., Azevedo, C. J., Bagnato, F., Calabresi, P. A., Ciccarelli, O., et al. (2025) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(25)00304-7 · Cited by 113

The role of MRI as a surrogate outcome measure in multiple sclerosis

McFarland, H. F., Barkhof, F., Antel, J. P., & Miller, D. (2002) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/135245850200800109 · Cited by 112

United States open-label glatiramer acetate extension trial for relapsing multiple sclerosis: MRI and clinical correlates

Wolinsky, J. S., Narayana, P. A., & Johnson, K. P. (2001) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/135245850100700107 · Cited by 109

Imaging of multiple sclerosis: Role in neurotherapeutics

Bakshi, R., Minagar, A., Jaisani, Z., & Wolinsky, J. S. (2005) · NeuroRx · doi:10.1602/neurorx.2.2.277 · Cited by 108

Gray matter T2 hypointensity is related to plaques and atrophy in the brains of multiple sclerosis patients

Bakshi, R., Dmochowski, J., Shaikh, Z. A., & Jacobs, L. (2001) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0022-510x(01)00477-4 · Cited by 107

Characterization of tissue damage in multiple sclerosis by nuclear magnetic resonance

Barkhof, F., & van Walderveen, M. A. A. (1999) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1999.0511 · Cited by 107

Ambient Air Quality and Occurrence of Multiple Sclerosis Relapse

Oikonen, M., Laaksonen, M., Laippala, P., Oksaranta, O., Lilius, E. ‐., Lindgren, S., Rantio‐Lehtimäki, A., Anttinen, A., Koski, K., & Erälinna, J.-P. (2003) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000067108 · Cited by 106

Effects of three anti-TNF-α drugs: Etanercept, infliximab and pirfenidone on release of TNF-α in medium and TNF-α associated with the cell in vitro

Grattendick, K. J., Nakashima, J., Feng, L., Giri, S. N., & Margolin, S. B. (2008) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2008.01.013 · Cited by 106

Characterizing the Mechanisms of Progression in Multiple Sclerosis

Frohman, E. M., Filippi, M., Stüve, O., Waxman, S. G., Corboy, J. R., Phillips, J. T., Lucchinetti, C. F., Wilken, J. A., Karandikar, N. J., Hemmer, B., et al. (2005) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.62.9.1345 · Cited by 107

Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis – Pathogenesis of Neurodegeneration and Therapeutic Strategies

Fitzner, D., & Simons, M. (2010) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/157015910792246218 · Cited by 106

Progressive gray matter damage in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging study.

Oreja-Guevara, C., Rovaris, M., Iannucci, G., Valsasina, P., Caputo, D., Cavarretta, R., Sormani, M., Ferrante, P., Comi, G., & Filippi, M. (2005) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.62.4.578 · Cited by 105

Treatment Optimization in Multiple Sclerosis

Freedman, M. S., Patry, D. G., Grand’Maison, F., Myles, M. L., Paty, D. W., & Selchen, D. H. (2004) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/s0317167100053804 · Cited by 102

Enhancing patterns in multiple sclerosis: evolution and persistence.

He, J., Grossman, R. I., Ge, Y., & Mannon, L. J. (2001) · PubMed Central · Cited by 100

Neuroradiological evaluation of demyelinating disease

Tillema, J., & Pirko, I. (2013) · Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders · doi:10.1177/1756285613478870 · Cited by 102

The Pathologic Substrate of Magnetic Resonance Alterations in Multiple Sclerosis

Lassmann, H. (2008) · Neuroimaging Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.nic.2008.06.005 · Cited by 97

Axonal degeneration in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

Silber, E., & Sharief, M. K. (1999) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0022-510x(99)00178-1 · Cited by 93

Early MRI in optic neuritis: The risk for disability

Swanton, J. K., Fernando, K. T., Dalton, C. M., Miszkiel, K. A., Altmann, D. R., Plant, G. T., Thompson, A. J., & Miller, D. H. (2009) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000341935.41852.82 · Cited by 94

A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis

Rocca, M. A., Gavazzi, C., Mezzapesa, D. M., Falini, A., Colombo, B., Mascalchi, M., Scotti, G., Comi, G., & Filippi, M. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00242-8 · Cited by 92

MRI predictors of early conversion to clinically definite MS in the CHAMPS placebo group

CHAMPS Study Group* (2002) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.59.7.998 · Cited by 93

MRI in Multiple Sclerosis: What’s Inside the Toolbox?

Neema, M., Stankiewicz, J., Arora, A., Guss, Z. D., & Bakshi, R. (2007) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.nurt.2007.08.001 · Cited by 93

Physical exercise in multiple sclerosis: supportive care or a putative disease- modifying treatment

Heesen, C., Romberg, A., Gold, S. M., & Schulz, K. (2006) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.6.3.347 · Cited by 90

Regional Brain Atrophy Is Associated With Physical Disability in Multiple Sclerosis: Semiquantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Relationship to Clinical Findings

Bakshi, R., Benedict, R. H. B., Bermel, R. A., & Jacobs, L. R. (2001) · Journal of Neuroimaging · doi:10.1111/j.1552-6569.2001.tb00022.x · Cited by 89

Role of magnetic resonance imaging within diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis

Miller, D. H., Filippi, M., Fazekas, F., Frederiksen, J. L., Matthews, P. M., Montalbán, X., & Polman, C. H. (2004) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20156 · Cited by 87

Predictors of relapse rate in MS clinical trials

Held, U., Heigenhauser, L., Shang, C., Kappos, L., & Polman, C. H. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000187122.71735.1f · Cited by 86

Role of MRI in multiple sclerosis I: inflammation and lesions

Zivadinov, R. (2004) · Frontiers in bioscience · doi:10.2741/1251 · Cited by 84

Analysis of pathological events at the onset of brain damage in stroke‐prone rats: A proteomics and magnetic resonance imaging approach

Sironi, L., Guerrini, U., Tremoli, E., Miller, I., Gelosa, P., Lascialfari, A., Zucca, I., Eberini, I., Gemeiner, M., Paoletti, R., et al. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.20219 · Cited by 86

The use of quantitative magnetic-resonance-based techniques to monitor the evolution of multiple sclerosis

Filippi, M., Rocca, M. A., & Comi, G. (2003) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(03)00408-3 · Cited by 84

Magnetic resonance techniques to monitor disease evolution and treatment trial outcomes in multiple sclerosis

Rovaris, M., & Filippi, M. (1999) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/00019052-199906000-00012 · Cited by 85

The molecular basis of the blood brain barrier differentiation and maintenance. Is it still a mystery?

Paolinelli, R., Corada, M., Orsenigo, F., & Dejana, E. (2010) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2010.11.012 · Cited by 86

Correlates of disability in multiple sclerosis detected by transcranial magnetic stimulation

Schmierer, K., Irlbacher, K., Grosse, P., Röricht, S., & Meyer, B.-U. (2002) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.59.8.1218 · Cited by 83

Clinical, MRI, and CSF Markers of Disability Progression in Multiple Sclerosis

Gajofatto, A., Calabrese, M., Benedetti, M. D., & Monaco, S. (2013) · Disease Markers · doi:10.1155/2013/484959 · Cited by 83

What affects your MS? Responses to an anonymous, Internet-based epidemiological survey

Simmons, R. D., Ponsonby, A., van der Mei, I. A. F., & Sheridan, P. M. (2004) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1191/1352458504ms1006oa · Cited by 82

Early macrophage MRI of inflammatory lesions predicts lesion severity and disease development in relapsing EAE

Brochet, B., Deloire, M. S. A., Touil, T., Anne, O., Caillé, J. M., Dousset, V., & Petry, K. G. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.03.028 · Cited by 81

Gadolinium enhanced MRI predicts clinical and MRI disease activity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Koudriavtseva, T., Thompson, A. J., Fiorelli, M., Gasperini, C., Bastianello, S., Bozzao, A., Paolillo, A., Pisani, A., Galgani, S., & Pozzilli, C. (1997) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.62.3.285 · Cited by 95

The predictive value of gadolinium enhancement for long term disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis-preliminary results

Losseff, N. A., Miller, D. H., Kidd, D. P., & Thompson, A. J. (2001) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/135245850100700105 · Cited by 31

Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predictors of Disability in Primary and Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

Losseff, N. A., Kingsley, D. P. E., McDonald, W. I., Miller, D., & Thompson, A. J. (1996) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/135245859600100406 · Cited by 73

Age-related gadolinium-enhancement of MRI brain lesions in multiple sclerosis

Tortorella, C., Bellacosa, A., Paolicelli, D., Fuiani, A., Monte, E. D., Simone, I. L., Giaquinto, P., Livrea, P., & Trojano, M. (2005) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2005.08.006 · Cited by 70

Resonancia magnética con gadolinio en la fase aguda de las recaídas en esclerosis múltiple

Salas, P. A. O., Silva, J. B., Lopez, L. C., Vergara, K. R., & Rovira, À. (2017) · Revista de Neurología · doi:10.33588/rn.6406.2016310 · Cited by 4