Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: An expanded disability status scale (EDSS)

Kurtzke, John F.

doi:10.1212/wnl.33.11.1444

Cited by 15,011Multiple Sclerosis Research StudiesHealth Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of LifeVoice and Speech Disorders

Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: An expanded disability status scale (EDSS)

Kurtzke, John F.·1983·Neurology

DOI 10.1212/wnl.33.11.1444

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Abstract

One method of evaluating the degree of neurologic impairment in MS has been the combination of grades (0 = normal to 5 or 6 = maximal impairment) within 8 Functional Systems (FS) and an overall Disability Status Scale (DSS) that had steps from 0 (normal) to 10 (death due to MS). A new Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is presented, with each of the former steps (1,2,3 . . . 9) now divided into two (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 . . . 9.5). The lower portion is obligatorily defined by Functional System grades. The FS are Pyramidal, Cerebellar, Brain Stem, Sensory, Bowel & Bladder, Visual, Cerebral, and Other; the Sensory and Bowel & Bladder Systems have been revised. Patterns of FS and relations of FS by type and grade to the DSS are demonstrated.

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The Expanded Disability Status Scale was administered by an experienced neurologist.
“The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS [26]) was administered by an experienced neurologist (M.C.) to investigate physical disability.”
From Coping strategies and their impact on quality of life and physical disability of people with multiple sclerosis (2021) · cites this paper as [26]

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Authors: Kurtzke, J. F.
Affiliations: Georgetown University (US)
Corresponding author: Kurtzke, John F.
Venue: Neurology
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 1983-11
Volume: 33
Issue: 11
Pages: 1444-1444
ISSN: 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
1526-632X
DOI: 10.1212/wnl.33.11.1444
OpenAlex: W2112165124
Cited by: 15,011
References: 13
Citations by year: 2026: 474 · 2025: 622 · 2024: 692 · 2023: 648 · 2022: 722 · 2021: 781 · 2020: 764 · 2019: 648 · 2018: 603 · 2017: 592 · 2016: 657 · 2015: 634 · 2014: 632 · 2013: 586 · 2012: 581
FWCI: 9.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Neurology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Voice and Speech Disorders
Keywords: multiple sclerosis, Expanded Disability Status Scale, disability assessment, neurological deficit, functional systems, pyramidal system, cerebellar function, brainstem, sensory impairment, bowel and bladder dysfunction, visual impairment
MeSH terms: Humans, Multiple Sclerosis, Nervous System Diseases, Neurologic Examination

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Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: An expanded disability status scale (EDSS)

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