The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cases of mercury exposure, bioavailability, and absorption
Abstract
Mercury is a unique element that, unlike many metals, has no essential biological function. It is liquid at room temperature and is 13.6 times heavier than water. Its unique physical properties have been exploited for a variety of uses such as in mercury switches, thermostats, thermometers, and other instruments. Its ability to amalgamate with gold and silver are used in mining these precious metals and as a dental restorative. Its toxic properties have been exploited for medications, preservatives, antiseptics, and pesticides. For these reasons there have been many industrial uses of mercury, and occupational exposures of workers and industrial emissions and effluents contaminating air, water, soil, and ultimately food chains have long been a matter of great public health concern. This paper examines briefly six cases representing various forms of exposure to different species of mercury, and indicates the methodological issues in estimating exposure, bioavailability and absorption; these cases include Minamata disease in Japan, organic mercury poisoning in Iraq, methylmercury (MeHg) exposure in the Amazon, dimethylmercury (PMM) in the laboratory, an elemental mercury spill in Cajamarca, Peru, and a mercury-contaminated building in Hoboken, NJ, USA. Other scenarios that are not described include occupational exposure to mercury salts, mercurial preservatives in vaccines, cultural and ritualistic uses of mercury, and mercury in dental amalgams.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A large body of scientific work has not found any harm caused by mercury dental fillings,$^{1}$^{8} contrary to the complaints of many patients.$^{1}$^{9}”
From A Physician’s View on Legal Aspects of the Contemporary Medical Use of Mercury in Germany (2013) · cites this paper as [18]
Citations
Cites
Toxicological Effects of Methylmercury
National Research Council (2000) · National Academies Press eBooks · doi:10.17226/9899 · Cited by 885
Intra-uterine Methylmercury Poisoning in Iraq
Amin‐Zaki, L., Elhassani, S. B., Majeed, M. A., Clarkson, T. W., Doherty, R. A., & Greenwood, M. R. (1974) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-6621-8_37 · Cited by 364
Kurland, L. T., Faro, S. N., & Siedler, H. D. (1960) · PubMed · Cited by 339
Intra-uterine Methylmercury Poisoning in Iraq
Amin‐Zaki, L., Elhassani, S. B., Majeed, M. A., Clarkson, T. W., Doherty, R. A., & Greenwood, M. R. (1974) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.54.5.587 · Cited by 316
Delayed Cerebellar Disease and Death after Accidental Exposure to Dimethylmercury
Nierenberg, D. W., Nordgren, R. E., Chang, M. B., Siegler, R. W., Blayney, M. B., Hochberg, F. H., Toribara, T. Y., Cernichiari, E., & Clarkson, T. W. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199806043382305 · Cited by 221
Dolbec, J., Mergler, D., Passos, C. J. S., de Morais, S. S., & Lebel, J. (2000) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s004200050027 · Cited by 217
Eto, K. (2000) · Neuropathology · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1789.2000.00295.x · Cited by 194
Dolbec, J., Mergler, D., Larribe, F., Roulet, M., Lebel, J., & Lucotte, M. M. (2001) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(00)00835-4 · Cited by 150
Is Mercury Increasing in the Atmosphere? The Need for an Atmospheric Mercury Network (Amnet)
Fitzgerald, W. F. (1995) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-0153-0_28 · Cited by 138
Cytogenetic damage related to low levels of methyl mercury contamination in the Brazilian Amazon
Amorim, M. I. M., Mergler, D., Bahia, M. D. O., Dubeau, H., Miranda, D. S., Lebel, J., Burbano, R. M. R., & Lucotte, M. M. (2000) · Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências · doi:10.1590/s0001-37652000000400004 · Cited by 129
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Guimaraes, 2000, Mercury methylation along a lake-forest transect in the Tapajos river floodplain, Brazilian Amazon, Sci. Total Environ., 261, 1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–482 of 482
Health Impacts of Mercury Toxicity on Fish in an Aquatic SystemPreprint
Omach, Z., Odhiambo, B., & Owoko, W. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1908.v1 · Cited by 2
Maheshwari, S., & Dua, A. (2019) · Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health · doi:10.1080/15287394.2019.1645069 · Cited by 1
Prefrontal cortical network dysfunction from acute neurotoxicant exposure
Sceniak, M. P., & Sabo, S. L. (2024) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00049.2024 · Cited by 2
Acrodynia in a child due to household mercury exposure: a case report
Mabala, T., Stephen, C., Ndondo, A. P., Riordan, G. T., & Hlela, C. (2025) · Toxicology Communications · doi:10.1080/24734306.2025.2542997 · Cited by 1
Unraveling mercury bioavailability: From molecular mechanisms to AI-driven environmental solutions
Yang, X., Yang, Z., Yu, R., Chen, W., & Cui, S. (2025) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119157 · Cited by 1
Mercury treatment in late medieval European leprosaria? New data from human dental calculus
Fiorin, E., Perrot, V., Roberts, C. A., de Seréville‐Niel, C. C., Gao, Y., Snoeck, C., & Cristiani, E. (2025) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jas.2025.106444 · Cited by 1
Metody oczyszczania gleb zanieczyszczonych rtecia
Smolińska, B. (2010) · Cited by 1
Hedayati, A., & Katuli, K. K. (2016) · Ecopersia · doi:10.18869/modares.ecopersia.4.1.1295 · Cited by 1
Bariweni, P. A., Ogochukwu, A., & Imaitor-Uku, E. E. (2018) · Global Journal of Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.31248/gjees2018.022 · Cited by 1
Irsan, I., Male, Y. T., & Selanno, D. A. J. (2020) · CHEMISTRY PROGRESS · doi:10.35799/cp.13.1.2020.29062 · Cited by 1
Analysis of mercury (Hg) levels in the Patipulu River ecosystem, Kaiely Village, Buru Island
Male, Y. T., & Sahuburua, L. F. (2021) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0059520 · Cited by 1
Lancaster, S. T., Corns, W. T., Krupp, E. M., & Feldmann, J. (2023) · Water Quality Research Journal · doi:10.2166/wqrj.2023.012 · Cited by 1
Chemical Residues in Some Farmed Fish Species Marketed in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt.
Osman, H., Saad, S., Fatahlla, G., & Samir, M. (2023) · Benha Veterinary Medical Journal · doi:10.21608/bvmj.2023.221090.1676 · Cited by 1
Zábojníková, L. (2024) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-023-31802-z · Cited by 1
Milošković, A. M., Radenković, M. D., Kojadinović, N. M., Veličković, T. Z., Đuretanović, S. R., & Simić, V. (2024) · Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society · doi:10.2298/jsc240110044m · Cited by 1
CHAPTER 1: A BRIEF HISTORY OF MERCURY AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Parsons, M. B., & Percival, J. B. (2005) · Mineralogical Association of Canada eBooks · doi:10.3749/9780921294788.ch01 · Cited by 1
Murali, R., & Gopalakrishnan, A. V. (2025) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-025-04280-y · Cited by 1
Toxic Element Testing with Clinical Specimens
McMillin, G. A., & Bornhorst, J. A. (2007) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-031-7_14 · Cited by 1
Mercury Contamination in the Atmosphere of Aceh Province, Indonesia
Yuka, S., Elvince, R., Kawakami, T., Kunori, N., Noto, Y., Inoue, T., Nagafuchi, O., Takayuki, M., & Syamsidik, S. (2013) · Journal of ecotechnology research · doi:10.11190/jer.17.11 · Cited by 1
Comparing mercury, arsenic, and selenium in several fish species from two Nova Scotia lakes
Kickbush, J. C. (2015) · Saint Mary's University Institutional Repository (Saint Mary's University) · Cited by 1
Electrokinetic method for purification of soils contaminated with mercury(II) compounds
Leikin, Y. A., Кумпаненко, И. В., Рощин, А. В., Иванова, Н. А., Uskov, V. V., & Kholstov, A. V. (2014) · Russian Journal of General Chemistry · doi:10.1134/s107036321411053x · Cited by 1
Coastal Sediment as an Ameliorant in Post-Mining Land Management
Sulakhudin, S., & Suswati, D. (2021) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.94966 · Cited by 1
Reservoir rock and fluid characterization
Islam, M. R. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820053-7.00006-8 · Cited by 1
Epidemiological Study of Kawasan Waterfalls
Mustacisa-Lacaba, M., Bodiongan, C., Montes, V., Morial, W., Ramirez, I. A. L., & Picardal, M. T. (2017) · Environmental Science & Sustainable Development · doi:10.21625/essd.v1i2.78.g18 · Cited by 1
Emerging Techniques for Urban Resource Restoration of Various Ecosystem
Shrivastava, R., Khan, J., Gupta, G., & Singh, N. (2022) · doi:10.1002/9781119807216.ch7 · Cited by 1
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management
Krisnayanti, B. D., & Agustawijaya, D. S. (2014) · Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management · doi:10.15243/jdmlm.2014.014.207 · Cited by 1
Mercury in the brain of polar bears (Ursus maritimus ) and ringed seals (Pusa hispida).
Krey, A. (2015) · doi:10.24124/2015/bpgub1039 · Cited by 1
Metal Pollution by Gold Mining Activities in the Sunchulli Mining District of Apolobamba (Bolivia)
Terán-Mita, T. A., Cano, Á. F., Muñoz, M. Á., Acosta, J. A., Martínez‐Martínez, S., & Millán, R. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-8657-0_45
Bursitis por mercurio tras accidente laboral: a propósito de un caso
González, S. L., Sánchez-Arcilla, I., Escribano, M. F., & Sánchez, M. M. (2010) · Medicina y Seguridad del Trabajo · doi:10.4321/s0465-546x2010000200006
Selective determination of mercury (II) ion in aqueous solution by chemiluminescence method
Kim, K.-M., Jang, T.-G., Kim, Y.-H., Oh, S.-H., & Lee, S.-H. (2011) · Analytical Science and Technology · doi:10.5806/ast.2011.24.4.243
Huang, B.-J., & Zhu, L. (2009) · International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/icbbe.2009.5163042
Monteiro, S. D. S., & Farripas (2010)
Bertolucci, B., Vicentini, C. A., Bastos, I., Vicentini, F., & Bombonato, M. T. S. (2008)
Heavy metals in water, sediment, and edible macroalgae (Nostochopsis spp.)
Suanmali, W., Trichaiyaporon, S., & Deming, R. L. (2015) · Health Science Science and Technology Reviews
Methylmercury Exposure via Canned Tuna Fish Consumption and Breast Cancer
Bodenrader, J. (2016) · ScholarWorks (Walden University)
Faccioli, C. K., Chedid, R. A., Bombonato, M. T. S., Vicentini, C. A., Bastos, I., & Vicentini, F. (2014)
Determination of Heavy Metals in Scalp Hair of Selected Kenyan Urban and Rural Population.
Abuor, P. O. (2012) · Abstracts of postgraduate thesis
Dimethylmercury Production in Freshwater Sediments
Kelly, D. (2010) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
Modulation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Regulated-Genes by Mercury
Amara, I. E. A. (2013) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r3zs2kq53
The effect of mining and ore processing effluents on mercury content in Arctic Lake sediments
Даувальтер, В. А. (2019) · Proceedings of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences · doi:10.17076/lim929
Efeitos cardiorrespiratórios da injeção intracisternal de cloreto de mercúrio
Vassallo, D. V., Bergamaschi, C. M. D. T., Domingues, R. B., & Neto, H. D. A. F. (2018)
Sasso, A. F. (2010) · Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) · doi:10.7282/t3xw4jxp
(2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820053-7.09997-2
Lancaster, S. T., Peniche, G., Alzahrani, A., Blanz, M., Newton, J., Taggart, M. A., Corns, W. T., Krupp, E. M., & Feldmann, J. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3972059
Qualidade de vida e avaliação fisica em intoxicados por mercurio
Vecchio, F. B. D. (2005) · doi:10.47749/t/unicamp.2005.346389
Environmental Toxicology of Perna Canaliculus
Whyte, A. L. H. (2006) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.16967278.v1
El‐Sewify, I. M., Radwan, A. G., & Azzazy, H. M. E.-S. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4007919
Atmospheric Deposition Of Heavy Metals In Toronto
Yousaf, M. H. (2021) · doi:10.32920/ryerson.14657661 · Cited by 2
Rasin, P., Musthafa, M., & Sreekant, A. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1745296/v1
“An unusual cause of pain abdomen”: Acute mercury poisoning
Tale, S., Kolli, M., Meitei, S. P., Pudi, S., & Garbhapu, A. K. (2021) · Digital Medicine · doi:10.4103/digm.digm_12_20
Using room-temperature liquid metals as a new reaction environment
Crawford, J. F. (2022) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.232783
Passive Phyto-Remediation of Heavy Metals by Biosorption of Sargassum cinereum
Roy, S. (2022) · International Journal of Oceanography & Aquaculture · doi:10.23880/ijoac-16000219
Biogeochemistry of Hg, Cd and Pb in Surface Water: Bioaccumulation and Ecotoxicity
Моисеенко, Т. И., Gashkina, N. A., Tatsiy, Y. G., Дину, М. И., Bazova, M. M., Baranov, D. Y., & Sharapova, E. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-09883-3_25
dos Santos, N. B. (2011) · Americanae (AECID Library)
Gad, S. C. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824315-2.00846-0
Farina, M., Aschner, M., & da Rocha, J. B. T. (2023) · Patty's Toxicology · doi:10.1002/0471125474.tox030.pub3
Heavy metal cellulitis in a nine‐year‐old gelding Belgian Warmblood
McMahill, B. G., Affolter, V. K., Sykes, C. A., Poppenga, R. H., Fine, M., & Kraipowich, N. R. (2023) · Veterinary Dermatology · doi:10.1111/vde.13201
Effect of heavy metals on the growth of Bacillus spp. isolates
Al-Zubairy, M. A., & Alburihi, L. S. (2024) · مجلة جامعة صنعاء للعلوم التطبيقية والتكنولوجيا · doi:10.59628/jast.v2i6.1310
O’Driscoll, N. J., Kickbush, J. C., Turner, H. E., Klapstein, S. J., Doncaster, M., Stevens, K., Clarke, R., Bradford, M. A., Bowes, B. L., Rogers, J., et al. (2024) · Environmental contamination remediation and management · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-71344-6_13
Mercury labile and stabile fractions in marine sediments from the Spitsbergen region
Narwojsz, D., Bełdowska, M., Zaborska, A., Jędruch, A., & Bełdowski, J. (2025) · Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science · doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109394
Zábojníková, L., Feješ, S., Oxikbayev, B., Kasymkhanova, T., Janiga, M., & Ballová, Z. K. (2025) · Ochrana prírody Slovenska/Ekológia · doi:10.2478/eko-2025-0001
Zeng, F., Wang, Z., Liu, Y., Kang, B., & Sun, J. (2025) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107474
Mercury Poisoning and the Wider Implications
Mani, R., Dereix, J., Beddoes, P., & Lawton, T. (2025) · Case Reports in Medicine · doi:10.1155/carm/6656955
Revukhin, A. A., Shurganova, G. V., Kudrin, I. A., Воронин, Р. Е., Gremyachikh, V. A., & Комов, В. Т. (2026) · Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology · doi:10.35885/1684-7318-2026-2-219-234
Diet- and Mercury-induced Visual Loss
Collins, C. E. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-92271-3_175
Fernandes, R. M. (2015) · Americanae (AECID Library)
Metadata
- Authors
- Gochfeld, M.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gochfeld, Michael
- ORCID
- Gochfeld, Michael
- Venue
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-09
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 174-179
- ISSN
- 0147-6513 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2087082909
- Cited by
- 485
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 8.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Mercury impact and mitigation studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Keywords
- mercury exposure, mercury toxicity, bioavailability, mercury uptake, Minamata disease, organic mercury poisoning, methylmercury, dimethylmercury, occupational mercury exposure, mercury contamination, exposure assessment
- MeSH terms
- Absorption, Accidents, Animals, Biological Availability, Brazil, Environmental Exposure, Fishes, Humans, Iraq, Japan, Mercury, Methylmercury Compounds, Occupational Exposure, Mercury Poisoning, Nervous System, Food Chain
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
