Cited by 259Marine Biology and Environmental ChemistryEnvironmental Toxicology and EcotoxicologyHeavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity

Case study: bioavailability of tin and tin compounds

Rüdel, Heinz·2003·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Abstract

This article reviews the literature related to the bioavailability of tin, inorganic tin compounds, and organotin compounds. On the one hand, the toxicity of metallic tin and inorganic tin compounds is low. In aqueous systems, the potential bioavailability of tin seems to depend on the concentration of the truly dissolved ion species. Some studies suggest that tin is an essential trace element for humans. However, organotin compounds have been proven to be of toxicological relevance. Triorganotin compounds are particularly toxic explaining their wide use as biocides (e.g., in antifouling paints or pesticides). Persistence of organotin compounds is governed by moderate to fast aerobic biotic degradation processes, slow anaerobic biotic degradation, slow abiotic degradation by photolysis, and fast, but reversible, adsorption/desorption processes. Organotin compounds are ubiquitously distributed in aquatic organisms. Bioconcentration in organisms and ecotoxicity are dependent on the bioavailable fraction. The bioavailability is highest at neutral and slightly alkaline pH and is reduced in the presence of dissolved organic carbon. The biomagnification of organotin compounds via the food chain is of minor importance compared with the bioconcentration from the water phase.

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Crossref · 10.1016/s0147-6513(03)00061-7

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Authors
Rüdel, H.
Affiliations
Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (DE)
Corresponding author
Rüdel, Heinz
Venue
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2003-09
Volume
56
Issue
1
Pages
180-189
ISSN
0147-6513 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2019272504
Cited by
259
References
47
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 16
FWCI
2.62
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) (submittedVersion)
  • Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Ocean Engineering › Marine Biology and Environmental Chemistry
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
Keywords
organotin compounds, triorganotin compounds, biocides, antifouling paints, biodegradation, photolysis, adsorption-desorption, bioconcentration, ecotoxicity, biomagnification, dissolved organic carbon, pH effect, aquatic organisms, food chain
MeSH terms
Animals, Biodegradation, Environmental, Biological Availability, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Organotin Compounds, Photochemistry, Tin, Tissue Distribution, Water Pollutants

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