Cited by 208Retinal Development and DisordersRetinal Diseases and TreatmentsRetinal Imaging and Analysis

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Retinal Photoreceptor Density Decreases with Age

Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Jonas, Jost B., Jakobczyk-Zmija, Martha·1995·Ophthalmology

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Abstract

Purpose To evaluate the effect of age on the density of retinal photoreceptors in humans.Methods Fifty-five normal eyes from human donors, with a mean age of 58.7 +/- 19.1 years and an axial length of less than 27 mm, were examined. After opening of the globes by a 16-mm corneoscleral trephination, 25 retinal tissue samples were obtained in four meridians. The photoreceptors were counted on photographs taken from the photoreceptor inner segments after sonographic removal of the outer segments. The cones in the foveal center could not be evaluated.Results Outside the foveal center, the photoreceptor density decreased significantly with increasing age. In absolute and relative terms, the decline was more marked for the rods (mean rod loss, 236 +/- 63 cells or 0.37% +/- 0.10%/mm2 and year of a mean density of 62.987 rods/mm2) than for the cones (mean cone loss, 5.90 +/- 0.68 cells or 0.18% +/- 0.02%/mm2 and year of a mean density of 3320 +/- 578 cones/mm2). For both cones and rods, the cell loss was more marked at an eccentricity of approximately 5-8 mm than in the retinal periphery at an eccentricity of 14 to 20 mm. There were no significant differences between the superior, inferior, temporal, or nasal meridian nor between women and men.Conclusions The photoreceptors decrease in density with increasing age. The annual cell loss of approximately 0.2% to 0.4% is similar to the age-related loss of retinal ganglion cells and pigment epithelium cells. The decline in photoreceptor count affects more rods than cones. It does not prefer special age groups. It is more pronounced at an eccentricity of 5 to 8 mm than in the retinal periphery at an eccentricity of more than 14 mm. It may be important for an age-related decrease in visual functions and for diseases affecting the photoreceptors in elderly patients.

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Authors: Panda-Jonas, S., Jonas, J. B., & Jakobczyk-Zmija, M.
Affiliations: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
Corresponding author: Jonas, Jost B.
ORCID: Jonas, Jost B.
Venue: Ophthalmology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1995-12
Volume: 102
Issue: 12
Pages: 1853-1859
ISSN: 0161-6420 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(95)30784-1
OpenAlex: W2058399269
Cited by: 208
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 0.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Ophthalmology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Development and Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
Keywords: retinal photoreceptors, photoreceptor density, aging, rod photoreceptors, cone photoreceptors, photoreceptor loss, retinal eccentricity, age-related macular degeneration, retinal degeneration
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Cell Count, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Photoreceptor Cells, Retina

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Retinal Photoreceptor Density Decreases with Age

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