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The morbidity of insomnia uncomplicated by psychiatric disorders
Open accessAbstract
The morbidity of sleep problems has been well documented; however, they are frequently associated with and are symptomatic of several psychiatric disorders. It is unclear how much of the morbidity can be accounted for by the associated psychiatric and substance abuse disorders and medical problems, and how much by the sleep problems per se. Sleep problems may also be an early sign of a psychiatric problem. This paper reports data from an epidemiologic community survey of over 10,000 adults living in three U.S. communities. A structured diagnostic assessment of psychiatric disorders as well as assessment of the presence of insomnia not due to medical conditions, medication, drug or alcohol abuse, and a 1-year follow-up were completed. Persons with insomnia in the past year without any psychiatric disorders ever (uncomplicated insomnia); with a psychiatric disorder in the past year (complicated insomnia); and with neither insomnia nor psychiatric disorders ever were compared on treatment utilization and the first onset of a psychiatric disorder in the subsequent year. Eight percent of those with uncomplicated as compared with 14.9% with complicated insomnia and 2.5% with neither had sought treatment from the general medical sector for emotional problems in the 6 months prior to the interview. The rates of treatment sought from the psychiatric specialty sector were 3.8%, 9.4%, and 1.2%, respectively. These differences were significant after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and were sustained when the persons were interviewed 1 year later. Uncomplicated insomnia was also associated with an increase in risk for first onset of major depression, panic disorder, and alcohol abuse over the following year. Insomnia, even in the absence of psychiatric disorders, is associated with increased use of general medical and mental health treatment for emotional problems and for the subsequent first onset in the following year of some psychiatric disorders. Early diagnosis and treatment of uncomplicated insomnia may be useful.
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“In addition, it also demonstrates that insomnia can be a risk factor for the development of depression [51].”
From Non-Pharmacological Treatment of Insomnia (2012) · cites this paper as [51]
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Pigeon, W. R. (2010) · Medical psychiatry · doi:10.3109/9781420080803.004 · Cited by 7
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On the Efficacy of a CBT-I-Based Online Program for Sleep Problems: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Eigl, E., Hauser, T., Topalidis, P. I., & Schabus, M. (2023) · Clocks & Sleep · doi:10.3390/clockssleep5040039 · Cited by 6
“…functioning [10] and is related to numerous negative consequences as well as health concerns such as increased risks of cardiovascular diseases [11], diabetes [12], mental disorders like anxiety [13,14] and depression [15] as well as increased substance abuse [16] and suicidal tendencies [17].”
BackgroundChamoun, K., Mouawad, J., Salameh, P., Sacre, H., Haddad, R., Khabbaz, L., Mégarbane, B., & Hajj, A. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05304-8 · Cited by 4
“Sleep problems have been found to increase the risk of developing substance use disorders [65–67], which, in turn, might lead to sleep problems [67–70].”
BackgroundTreatment-resistant residual insomnia in patients with recurrent major depressive episodes
IWAKI, S., Satoh, K., MATSUMOTO, Y., Echizenya, M., KATOH, T., Kusanagi, H., Kitamura, S., Shimizu, T., & Mishima, K. (2012) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1111/j.1479-8425.2012.00564.x · Cited by 6
Cranial Electrical Stimulation
Rose, K. M., Taylor, A. G., Bourguignon, C. M., Utz, S. W., & Goehler, L. E. (2008) · Family & Community Health · doi:10.1097/01.fch.0000324481.40459.69 · Cited by 6
Functional neuroimaging of primary insomnia
Nofzinger, E. A. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139088268.026 · Cited by 6
Perlis, M. L., Pigeon, W. R., & Drummond, S. P. A. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012088592-3/50070-0 · Cited by 7
Ezekekwu, E. U., Johnson, C., Karimi, S. M., Antimisiaris, D. E., & Lorenz, D. (2023) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2023.06.026 · Cited by 7
Insomnia as a Risk Factor for Substance Use Disorders in Women
Berro, L. F. (2023) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2023.06.010 · Cited by 5
Neuroimaging of sleep disorders
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Ng, S., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2016) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2016.11.003 · Cited by 5
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Use of a blinded hypnotic tapering strategy to promote hypnotic discontinuation
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Cognitive Behavioral Treatment of Chronic Insomnia
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Prescription hypnotics and associated background factors in a large-scale Japanese database
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Evaluation and Management of Insomnia in the Psychiatric Setting
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Sleep and Quality of Life in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
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Metadata
- Authors
- Weissman, M. M., Greenwald, S., Niño-Murcia, G., & Dement, W. C.
- Affiliations
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Weissman, Myrna M.
- ORCID
- Weissman, Myrna M.
- Venue
- General Hospital Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-07
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 245-250
- ISSN
- 0163-8343 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2077240469
- Cited by
- 415
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 7.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- General Hospital Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (7r01mh040603-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH 40603-01A1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Keywords
- insomnia, mental illness, major depressive disorder, panic disorder, alcohol abuse, psychiatric treatment utilization, sleep disorders, community survey
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Mental Disorders, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Population Surveillance, Risk Factors, Time Factors, United States, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Case-Control Studies
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