The DOI matches its Crossref record; 159 of the 161 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Emerging principles of altered neural circuitry in schizophrenia
Abstract
This paper presents an overview of recent microscopic studies that have sought to define how limbic circuitry may be altered in postmortem schizophrenic brain. The discussion is organized around several basic questions regarding the manner in which interconnections within and between the anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampal formation and involving the glutamate, GABA and dopamine systems may contribute to the pathophysiology of this disorder. The answers to these questions are used to derive several conclusions regarding circuitry changes in schizophrenia: 1) Schizophrenia is not a 'typical' degenerative disorder, but rather it is one in which excitotoxicity may contribute to neuronal pathology, whether or not cell death occurs; 2) Three or more neurotransmitter systems may be simultaneously altered within a single microcircuit; 3) Each transmitter system may show circuitry changes in more than one region, but such changes may vary on a region-by-region basis; 4) The pathophysiology of schizophrenia may involve 'mis-wirings' in intrinsic circuits (microcircuitry) within a given region, but significant changes are probably also present at the level of interconnections between two or more regions within a network (macrocircuitry); 5) While some microscopic findings appear to be selectively present in schizophrenia and be related to a susceptibility gene for this disorder, others may also be present in patients with bipolar disorder; 6) Although some of the circuitry changes seen in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder seem to be associated with neuroleptic exposure, most are not and may reflect the influence of non-specific environmental factors such as pre- and/or postnatal stress; 7) Normal postnatal changes at the level of both macro- and microcircuitry within the limbic system may serve as 'triggers' for the onset of schizophrenia during adolescence. Taken together, these emerging principles can provide a framework for future postmortem studies of schizophrenic brain.
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“multiple lines of evidence in schizophrenia, from electrophysiological, genetic analyses, brain imaging and studies in postmortem brains have implicated oligodendrocyte and myelin dysfunction in this disease”
From Perineuronal nets and schizophrenia: The importance of neuronal coatings (2014) · cites this paper as Benes, 2000
Citations
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Schizophrenia genes, gene expression, and neuropathology: on the matter of their convergence
Harrison, P. J., & Weinberger, D. R. (2005) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001558 · Cited by 2,020
Trajectories of brain development: point of vulnerability or window of opportunity?
Andersen, S. L. (2003) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(03)00005-8 · Cited by 1,503
Hakak, Y., Walker, J. R., Li, C., Wong, W. H., Davis, K. L., Buxbaum, J. D., Haroutunian, V., & Fienberg, A. A. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.081071198 · Cited by 1,192
Obstetric Complications and Schizophrenia: Historical and Meta-Analytic Review
Cannon, M. D., Jones, P. B., & Murray, R. M. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.7.1080 · Cited by 1,190
Van den Bergh, B. R. H., Mulder, E. J. H., Mennes, M., & Glover, V. (2005) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.10.007 · Cited by 1,104
Metadata
- Authors
- Benes, F.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Benes, F
- ORCID
- Benes, F
- Venue
- Brain Research Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-03
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 251-269
- ISSN
- 0165-0173 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2066213630
- Cited by
- 513
- References
- 161
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 28.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Research Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-42261, MH00423, MH31152)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, limbic system, neural circuits, anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampal formation, glutamatergic system, GABA system, dopaminergic system, excitotoxicity, microcircuitry, bipolar disorder, prenatal stress, postnatal development, schizophrenia pathophysiology, postmortem brain
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Limbic System, Neural Pathways, Schizophrenia
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