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Cited by 30Circadian rhythm and melatoninSleep and related disordersBipolar Disorder and Treatment

Cross-regional survey of seasonal affective disorders in adults and high school students in Japan

Imai, Makoto, Kayukawa, Yuhei, Ohta, Tatsuro, Li, Lan, Nakagawa, Takeo·2003·Journal of Affective Disorders
DOI 10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00110-6
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Abstract

Background In Asian countries, there is no epidemiological report on seasonal affective disorder (SAD) in different age groups and different geographic regions surveyed at the same time. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence rates of SAD and risk factors for SAD in adults and high-school students, with special reference to the difference of winter SAD between northern and southern regions in Japan.Methods A total of 3237 high-school students and 4858 workers living in Japan (31.3-43.5 degrees N) responded to this epidemiological survey using Japanese version of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ).Results The overall prevalence rates of winter SAD (subsyndromal winter SAD) and summer SAD (subsyndromal summer SAD) in high-school students were 0.91(2.21) and 0.81(2.57)%, respectively. In workers, these rates were 0.45(1.16) and 0.43(0.71)%, respectively. Although no regional difference was noted in high-school students with winter seasonal type, the estimated odds ratio of this type for northern workers was nearly 3-fold higher than the southern counterparts. The prevalence rates of each seasonal type were not significantly different between two sexes in both age groups. No clear dependence on latitude was seen with regard to summer SAD in both age groups.Limitations The effect of climate on SAD could not be entirely excluded from geophysical factor as indexed by latitude.Conclusions SAD was less common in adults than in high-school students. While latitude was a major determinant of winter type in adults, socio-cultural factors or other contributing factors might affect the development of this type in high-school students.

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  • In high or low latitudes, daylight exposure can also produce the added benefit of reducing seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a mood disorder that affects more adolescents than any other age group.

    “In high or low latitudes, daylight exposure can also produce the added benefit of reducing seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a mood disorder that affects more adolescents than any other age group [77, 189].”

    From The neuroendocrine control of the circadian system: Adolescent chronotype (2012) · cites this paper as [77]

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Authors
Imai, M., Kayukawa, Y., Ohta, T., Li, L., & Nakagawa, T.
Affiliations
  • Shiga University of Medical Science (JP)
  • Nagoya University (JP)
  • Chukyo University (JP)
Corresponding author
Imai, Makoto
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Affective Disorders
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2003-11
Volume
77
Issue
2
Pages
127-133
ISSN
0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00110-6
OpenAlex
W2086069217
Cited by
30
References
22
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
FWCI
0.53
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
Keywords
seasonal affective disorder, prevalence, risk factors, high school students, adults, latitude, regional variation, Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Female, Geography, Health Surveys, Humans, Japan, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Seasons, Students, Prevalence, Epidemiologic Studies, Seasonal Affective Disorder

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