Cited by 278Sleep and related disordersSleep and Work-Related FatigueSleep and Wakefulness Research

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Sleep loss and daytime sleepiness in the general adult population of Japan

Liu, Xianchen, Uchiyama, Makoto, Kim, Keiko, Okawa, Masako, Shibui, Kayo, Kudo, Yoshihisa, Doi, Yuriko, Minowa, Masumi, Ogihara, Ryuji·2000·Psychiatry Research

DOI 10.1016/s0165-1781(99)00119-5

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Abstract

There are few epidemiological studies on sleep loss and daytime sleepiness in the general adult population of Japan. A total of 4000 adult people, aged 20 and over, were randomly drawn from five areas of Japan, and 3030 individuals were interviewed and completed a questionnaire including information about sleep duration and sleep problems. Overall, 29% slept less than 6 h at night, 23% reported having insufficient sleep, and 6% took sleep enhancing medications. The prevalence rates were 21% for symptoms of insomnia and 15% for excessive daytime sleepiness. Symptoms of insomnia were more prevalent in the elderly, whereas young people were more likely to report short sleep duration, subjective insufficient sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness. A multiple logistic regression model revealed that excessive daytime sleepiness had significant associations with young people, short sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, subjective insufficient sleep and sleep enhancing medication use. Short sleep duration was the strongest predictor of excessive daytime sleepiness. The findings indicate that sleep loss and excessive daytime sleepiness in the Japanese adult population are common, and comparable to those reported in Western countries. Excessive daytime sleepiness in the general adult population seems more likely to be attributed to short sleep duration.

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Sleep disturbances in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease and their impact on disease flare
Uemura, R., Fujiwara, Y., Iwakura, N., Shiba, M., Watanabe, K., Kamata, N., Yamagami, H., Tanigawa, T., Watanabe, T., Tominaga, K., et al. (2016) · SpringerPlus · doi:10.1186/s40064-016-3408-6 · Cited by 39
“Sleep disturbances are common clinical conditions and approximately 20 % of Japanese adults experience sleep problems (Liu et al. 2000).”
Background
Prevalence of High Epworth Sleepiness Scale Scores in a Rural Population
Pahwa, P., Karunanayake, C. P., Hagel, L. M., Gjevre, J. A., Rennie, D., Lawson, J. A., & Dosman, J. A. (2012) · Canadian Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1155/2012/287309 · Cited by 39
“In a Japanese population, the prevalence rate of excessive daytime sleepiness was reported to be 15% (65).”
Background
Associations between sleep disturbance and alcohol drinking: A large-scale epidemiological study of adolescents in Japan
Morioka, H., Itani, O., Kaneita, Y., Ikeda, M., Kondo, S., Yamamoto, R., Osaki, Y., Kanda, H., Higuchi, S., & Ohida, T. (2013) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2013.09.041 · Cited by 41
Excessive daytime sleepiness in general hospital nurses: prevalence, correlates, and its association with adverse events
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Worry and insomnia as risk factors for depression during initial stages of COVID-19 pandemic in India
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Association of Current Work and Sleep Situations with Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Medical Incidents among Japanese Physicians
Kaneita, Y., & Ohida, T. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.1322 · Cited by 35
Caffeine: Implications for Alertness in Athletes
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Insomnia among patients with advanced disease during admission in a Palliative Care Unit: a prospective observational study on its frequency and association with psychological, physical and environmental factors
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“Nevertheless, excessive daytime sleepiness in the general adult population seems more likely to be attributed to short sleep duration [48], but the insufficient sleep can be due to insomnia or to other factors.”
Background
Gender modifies the effects of education and income on sleep quality of the patients with coronary artery disease.
Assari, S., Lankarani, M. M., Kazemi‐Saleh, D., & Ahmadi, K. (2013) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 35
Sleep complaints in early pregnancy. A cross-sectional study among women attending prenatal care in general practice
Ertmann, R. K., Nicolaisdóttir, D. R., Kragstrup, J., Siersma, V., & Lutterodt, M. C. (2020) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-020-2813-6 · Cited by 35
Associations of Sleep Problems and Recent Life Events with Smoking Behaviors among Female Staff Nurses in Japanese Hospitals
Kageyama, T., Kobayashi, T., Nishikido, N., Oga, J., & Kawashima, M. (2005) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.43.133 · Cited by 35
Sleep and Eating Behavior in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes
Kilkus, J. M., Booth, J. N., Bromley, L. E., Darukhanavala, A. P., Imperial, J., & Penev, P. D. (2011) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2011.319 · Cited by 37
“Some epidemiologic (28,29,31) and experimental studies (10) also indicate that short sleep is accompanied by lower levels of habitual physical activity.”
Background
Sleep Complaints and Polysomnographic Findings: A Study of Nuclear Power Plant Shift Workers
Paim, S. L., Pires, M. L. N., Bittencourt, L., Silva, R. S., Santos, R. F., Esteves, A. M., Barreto, A. T., Tufik, S., & de Mello, M. T. (2008) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420520802107197 · Cited by 33
“…studies have demonstrated that chronic sleep deprivation and the presence of sleep disorders, especially obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and insomnia, are estimated to occur in 2–4% of the population (Liu et al., 2000; Young et al., 1993).”
Background
Association between pesticide exposure and sleep health among a representative sample of US adults: evidence from NHANES 2009–2014
Zamora, A. N., Watkins, D. J., Peterson, K. E., & Jansen, E. C. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-12014-x · Cited by 33
“Insufficient sleep duration (typically defined as < 7 h/night) has been associated with mental health problems [1], metabolic dysfunction [2–4], risk of mortality [5], excessive daytime sleepiness [6], and cognitive dysfunction [7] among adult populations.”
Background
A two-year follow-up study on the symptoms of sleep disturbances/insomnia and their effects on daytime functioning
Komada, Y., Nomura, T., Kusumi, M., Nakashima, K., Okajima, I., Sasai, T., & Inoue, Y. (2012) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2012.05.015 · Cited by 33
“01; and interaction between category and survey period: F [3, 1414] = 429.”
Influential
Personalized sleep-wake patterns aligned with circadian rhythm relieve daytime sleepiness
Hong, J., Choi, S. J., Park, S. H., Hong, H., Booth, V., Joo, E. Y., & Kim, J. K. (2021) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.103129 · Cited by 31
Long-term safety and efficacy of ramelteon in Japanese patients with chronic insomnia
Uchiyama, M., Hamamura, M., Kuwano, T., Nagata, H., Hashimoto, T., Ogawa, A., & Uchimura, N. (2011) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.10.006 · Cited by 32
“Among the general adult Japanese population, the prevalence of insomnia is approximately 21%, rising to almost 30% in older patients (P60 years) [3,4].”
Background
Sleep disturbance as a clinical sign for severe hypogonadism: efficacy of testosterone replacement therapy on sleep disturbance among hypogonadal men without obstructive sleep apnea
Shigehara, K., Konaka, H., Sugimoto, K., Nohara, T., Izumi, K., Kadono, Y., Namiki, M., & Mizokami, A. (2018) · The Aging Male · doi:10.1080/13685538.2017.1378320 · Cited by 29
“The EARTH study also found that TRT contributed to some degree of improvement in erectile function and QOL among hypogonadal men [8], suggesting that TRT might have a direct positive effect on QOL and sexual function.”
BackgroundInfluential
Prevalence and Correlates of Insufficient Sleep Syndrome in Japanese Young Adults: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Morita, Y., Sasai-Sakuma, T., Asaoka, S., & Inoue, Y. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.5092 · Cited by 31
“investigation (n = 165); (4) shift work (n = 723); and (5) age < 19”
Prevalence of insomnia in Poland — results of the National Health Interview Survey
Kiejna, A., Wojtyniak, B., Rymaszewska, J., & Stokwiszewski, J. (2003) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1034/j.1601-5215.2003.00011.x · Cited by 31
“A different picture was observed by Liu and colleagues (10), who have found young women reporting a significantly higher prevalence of symptoms of insomnia than young men.”
Excess workload and sleep-related symptoms among commercial long-haul truck drivers
金沢, ひ., Suzuki, M., Onoda, T., & 横澤, 直. (2006) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1111/j.1479-8425.2006.00218.x · Cited by 31
Exploring the Daily Activities Associated with Delayed Bedtime of Japanese University Students
Asaoka, S., Komada, Y., Fukuda, K., Sugiura, T., Inoue, Y., & Yamazaki, K. (2010) · The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1620/tjem.221.245 · Cited by 30
“Previous studies have shown that young people report more frequent episodes of daytime sleepiness and a shorter duration of sleep than older generations (Liu et al. 2000).”
Background
Chronic partial sleep loss increases the facilitatory role of a masked prime in a word recognition task
SWANN, C. E., Yelland, G. W., Redman, J. R., & Rajaratnam, S. M. W. (2006) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2006.00495.x · Cited by 30
“proportion of the population in industrialised countries are chronically sleep deprived (Dement, 1999; Liu et al., 2000).”
BackgroundInfluential
Gender differences in actual and preferred nocturnal sleep duration among Finnish employed population
Polo‐Kantola, P., Laine, A., Kronholm, E., Saarinen, M. M., Rautava, P. T., Aromaa, M. E., & Sillanpää, M. L. (2016) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.09.002 · Cited by 30
Effects of a Bovine Alpha S1-Casein Tryptic Hydrolysate (CTH) on Sleep Disorder in Japanese General Population
Hilaire, Z. D. S., Messaoudi, M., Desor, D., & Kobayashi, T. (2009) · The Open Sleep Journal · doi:10.2174/1874620900902010026 · Cited by 28
“com that reported in Western countries studies [16-18].”
Result
The association between physical activity and sleep characteristics in people with multiple sclerosis
Aburub, A., Khalil, H. W., Al‐Sharman, A., Alomari, M. A., & Khabour, O. F. (2016) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2016.12.010 · Cited by 29
Sleep habits, prevalence and burden of sleep disturbances among Japanese graduate students
Pallos, H., Yamada, N., Doi, Y., & Okawa, M. (2004) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1111/j.1479-8425.2003.00061.x · Cited by 27
Factores asociados con somnolencia diurna excesiva en estudiantes de Medicina de una institución de educación superior de Bucaramanga
García, J. A. N., Vergel, M. F. B., Labrador, J. A. O., Ochoa, M., & Olaya, H. L. G. (2018) · Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría · doi:10.1016/j.rcp.2017.12.002 · Cited by 32
“La media de edad de toda la población era 20,30 (18-34) años; el 62,88% (288/458) eran mujeres.”
Background
Association between Neighborhood Environment and Quality of Sleep in Older Adult Residents Living in Japan: The JAGES 2010 Cross-Sectional Study
Watanabe, M., Shobugawa, Y., Tashiro, A., Ota, A., Suzuki, T., Tsubokawa, T., Kondo, K., & Saito, R. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17041398 · Cited by 27
“The duration of sleep is generally longer in old age than in young age, but the quality of sleep is reduced due to light sleep, interrupted sleep, and/or early awakening, which then cause sleepiness during the day and declining activity [10].”
Background
The impact of a delayed sleep–wake schedule on depression is greater in women – A web-based cross-sectional study in Japanese young adults
Morita, Y., Sasai-Sakuma, T., Asaoka, S., & Inoue, Y. (2015) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2015.1055756 · Cited by 28
“Some epidemiological studies on Japanese young adults have shown that the prevalence rates of insomnia symptoms range between 13.7 and 21.8% in this population (Kim et al., 2000; Liu et al., 2000) and the rate of depression is 13.1% in men and 20.6% in women (Chida et al., 2004).”
BackgroundInfluential
Age as a risk factor for acute mountain sickness upon rapid ascent to 3,700 m among young adult Chinese men
Huang, L. J., Tang, X.-G., Zhang, J.-H., Li, Q., Yu, J., Ding, X., Qin, J., & Gao, X. (2014) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s67052 · Cited by 27
The Association between Meditation Practice and Job Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study
Shiba, K., Nishimoto, M., Sugimoto, M., & Ishikawa, Y. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128287 · Cited by 30
Efficacy and safety of ramelteon in Japanese adults with chronic insomnia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Uchimura, N., Ogawa, A., Hamamura, M., Hashimoto, T., Nagata, H., & Uchiyama, M. (2011) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.10.197 · Cited by 27

Authors: Liu, X., Uchiyama, M., Kim, K., Okawa, M., Shibui, K., Kudo, Y., Doi, Y., Minowa, M., & Ogihara, R.
Affiliations: National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (JP)
National Institute of Public Health (JP)
Japan Health Promotion and Fitness Foundation (JP)
Corresponding author: Uchiyama, Makoto
ORCID: Liu, Xianchen
Okawa, Masako
Venue: Psychiatry Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2000-02
Volume: 93
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-11
ISSN: 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0165-1781(99)00119-5
OpenAlex: W2014778858
Cited by: 278
References: 50
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 22
FWCI: 7.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Keywords: sleep deprivation, excessive daytime sleepiness, insufficient sleep, sleep duration, insomnia, prevalence, age differences, Japanese adults
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Japan, Male, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling Studies, Self Medication, Sleep Deprivation, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution

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Sleep loss and daytime sleepiness in the general adult population of Japan

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