The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Key innovations and the ecology of macroevolution
Abstract
The origin or evolutionary `success' of taxa is often attributed to key innovations-aspects of organismal phenotype that promote diversification. Different ways of delimiting taxa and measuring `success' (i.e. number or longevity of species, morphological variety or differential control of energy) give rise to different ideas of how key innovations might operate. Key innovations may enhance competitive ability, relax adaptive trade-offs or permit exploitation of a new productive resource base. Recent key innovation studies comparing species richness in extant sister clades may miss important observations possible only with consideration of the fossil record, traditional higher taxa and phenotypic diversity.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Key innovations have commonly been identified by diversification of the clade possessing the innovation [8–10], but despite the continuing enthusiasm for key innovations, such claims have proved difficult if not impossible to test [11,12].”
From Novelty and Innovation in the History of Life (2015) · cites this paper as [10]
Citations
Cites
Species diversity in space and time
Rosenzweig, M. L. (1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.33-2720 · Cited by 4,581
Species Diversity in Space and Time
Rosenzweig, M. L. (1995) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511623387 · Cited by 3,690
The Phylogenetic Study of Adaptive Zones: Has Phytophagy Promoted Insect Diversification?
Mitter, C. W., Farrell, B. D., & Wiegmann, B. M. (1988) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/284840 · Cited by 695
Evolutionary Strategies and Morphological Innovations: Cichlid Pharyngeal Jaws
Liem, K. (1973) · Systematic Zoology · doi:10.2307/2412950 · Cited by 684
Ecological Causes of Adaptive Radiation
Schluter, D. (1996) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/285901 · Cited by 466
Escalation of Plant Defense: Do Latex and Resin Canals Spur Plant Diversification?
Farrell, B. D., Dussourd, D. E., & Mitter, C. W. (1991) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/285258 · Cited by 395
THE EVOLUTIONARY INTERACTION AMONG SPECIES: Selection, Escalation, and Coevolution
Vermeij, G. J. (1994) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.es.25.110194.001251 · Cited by 393
Spurring plant diversification: are floral nectar spurs a key innovation?
Hodges, S. A., & Arnold, M. L. (1995) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1995.0215 · Cited by 356
Genetics, Paleontology, and Macroevolution
Levinton, J. S. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511612961 · Cited by 310
Adaptation Reviewed: A Phylogenetic Methodology for Studying Character Macroevolution
Baum, D., & Larson, A. (1991) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1093/sysbio/40.1.1 · Cited by 306
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Jensen, J.S. (1990) Plausibility and testability: assessing the consequences of evolutionary innovation, in Evolutionary Innovations (Nitecki, M.H., ed.), pp. 171–190, University of Chicago Press
- Miller, A.H. (1949) Some ecologic and morphologic considerations in the evolution of higher taxonomic categories, in Ornithologie als Biologische Wissenschaft (Mayr, E. and Schüz, E., eds), pp. 84–88, Carl Winter
- Alroy, 1996, How important are adaptive radiations as a source of mammalian diversity?, J. Vertebr. Paleontol., 16, 19A
- Gatesy, 1995, Terrestrial bipedalism and theropod locomotor diversity, J. Vertebr. Paleontol., 15, 31A
- Sepkoski, J.J., Jr (1996) Competition in macroevolution: the double wedge revisited, in Evolutionary Paleobiology (Jablonski, D., Erwin, D.H. and Lipps, J.H., eds), pp. 211–255, Chicago University Press
- Jernvall, 1995, Mammalian molar cusp patterns: Developmental mechanisms of diversity, Acta Zool. Fennica, 198, 1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 339
Origin of Evolutionary Novelties
Jablonski, D. (2001) · Palaeobiology II · doi:10.1002/9780470999295.ch34 · Cited by 14
Koch, B., Silvestro, D., & Foster, J. G. (2020) · SocArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/659bt · Cited by 15
Troyer, E. M., Evans, K. M., Goatley, C. H. R., Friedman, M., Carnevale, G., Nicholas, B., Kolmann, M. A., Bemis, K. E., & Arcila, D. (2024) · Evolution · doi:10.1093/evolut/qpae127 · Cited by 13
Climbing behavior of Cordylancistrus sp. in the Colombian Andes
Maldonado‐Ocampo, J. A., Carvajal‐Quintero, J. D., & Urbano‐Bonilla, A. (2015) · Universitas Scientiarum · doi:10.11144/javeriana.sc20-2.cbcc · Cited by 13
Genomic Contingencies and the Potential for Local Adaptation in a Hybrid Species
Runemark, A., Fernández, L. P., Eroukhmanoff, F., & Sætre, G. (2018) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/697563 · Cited by 13
Cama, B., Ehlers, S., Szczerbowski, D., Thomas-Oates, J., Jiggins, C., Schulz, S., McMillan, W. O., & Dasmahapatra, K. (2022) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B · doi:10.1098/rspb.2022.0474 · Cited by 7
A classic key innovation constrains oral jaw functional diversification in fishes
Roberts, A. S., Martinez, C. M., Corn, K. A., & Wainwright, P. C. (2024) · Evolution Letters · doi:10.1093/evlett/qrae046 · Cited by 13
Mao, T., Liu, Y., Vasconcellos, M. M., Zhou, S., Ellepola, G., Yang, J., Pie, M. R., & Meegaskumbura, M. (2025) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/mec.70038 · Cited by 12
Ord, T. J., Garcia‐Porta, J., Querejeta, M., & Collar, D. C. (2019) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/706305 · Cited by 13
Gliding toward an understanding of the origin of flight in bats
Burtner, A. E., Grossnickle, D. M., Santana, S. E., & Law, C. J. (2024) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.17824 · Cited by 13
Shiino, Y., & Kuwazuru, O. (2011) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.02.004 · Cited by 12
Gao, Y., Li, J., He, J., Yu, Y., Qian, Z., Geng, Z., Yang, L., Zhang, Y., Ke, Y., Lin, Q., et al. (2024) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.ado4571 · Cited by 11
Lemas, D. J., Lekkas, P., Ballif, B. A., & Vigoreaux, J. O. (2015) · Journal of Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2015.12.006 · Cited by 11
Simultaneous Wing Molt as a Catalyst for the Evolution of Flightlessness in Birds
Terrill, R. S. (2020) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/711416 · Cited by 10
Adaptive radiations in natural populations of prokaryotes: innovation is key
Vos, M., Padfield, D., Quince, C., & Vos, R. A. (2023) · FEMS Microbiology Ecology · doi:10.1093/femsec/fiad154 · Cited by 10
Diversification in evolutionary arenas – assessment and synthesisPreprint
Nürk, N. M., Linder, H. P., Onstein, R. E., Larcombe, M. J., Hughes, C. E., Fernández, L. P., Schlüter, P. M., Valente, L., Beierkuhnlein, C., Cutts, V., et al. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/636803 · Cited by 10
Martel, C., Neubig, K. M., Williams, N. H., & Ayasse, M. (2020) · Organisms Diversity & Evolution · doi:10.1007/s13127-020-00457-w · Cited by 9
Borstein, S. R., Hammer, M. P., O’Meara, B. C., & McGee, M. D. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-53141-4 · Cited by 11
Bleiweiss, R. E. (2009) · Biological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01240.x · Cited by 9
Arbuckle, K., & Harris, R. J. (2021) · BMC Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1186/s12862-021-01880-z · Cited by 9
Paleoecology meets ecology on questions of scale
Hunter, J. P. (1998) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(98)01488-8 · Cited by 9
Self-citationZhuang, M. V., Russell, A. P., & Higham, T. E. (2019) · Journal of Morphology · doi:10.1002/jmor.21051 · Cited by 9
Bass, A. L. (2006) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · Cited by 9
Gianoli, E., Torres‐Díaz, C., Ruiz, E. A., Salgado‐Luarte, C., Molina‐Montenegro, M. A., Saldaña, A., & Ríos, R. S. (2016) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/evo.13073 · Cited by 8
Conflict and complementarity of paleontological and molecular chronologies?
Katz, O. (2018) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/pab.2018.44 · Cited by 8
Wang, Z., Zhan, Y., Yang, Y., & Wu, J. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4035225 · Cited by 8
Li, H., Zhuo, D., Wáng, B., Nakamine, H., Yamamoto, S., Zhang, W., Jepson, J. E., Ohl, M., Aspöck, U., Aspöck, H., et al. (2024) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1093/sysbio/syae068 · Cited by 8
Jandzík, D., & Stock, D. W. (2021) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.2205 · Cited by 7
Marquardt, S., Pavlopoulou, A., Takan, I., Dhar, P., Pützer, B. M., & Logotheti, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.682619 · Cited by 7
Arrested diversification? The phylogenetic distribution of poorly-diversifying lineages
Caron, F. S., & Pie, M. R. (2022) · npj Biodiversity · doi:10.1038/s44185-022-00004-0 · Cited by 7
Phenotypic rate and state are decoupled in response to river-to-lake transitions in cichlid fishes
Burress, E. D., & Muñoz, M. M. (2023) · Evolution · doi:10.1093/evolut/qpad143 · Cited by 7
Torres‐Díaz, C., Ruiz, E. A., Salgado‐Luarte, C., Molina‐Montenegro, M. A., & Gianoli, E. (2013) · Gayana. Botánica · doi:10.4067/s0717-66432013000100005 · Cited by 7
Bleiweiss, R. E. (2002) · Biological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1046/j.1095-8312.2002.00105.x · Cited by 7
Martin, C. H. (2016) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/053140 · Cited by 8
Palombini, F. L., Nogueira, F. M., de Oliveira, B. F., & Mariath, J. E. D. A. (2022) · Environmental footprints and eco-design of products and processes · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-1812-4_2 · Cited by 6
Why are there not more herbivorous insect species?
Jermy, T., & Szentesi, Á. (2021) · Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae · doi:10.17109/azh.67.2.119.2021 · Cited by 6
Lewis, Z., Dorantes, J. A., & Hanken, J. (2018) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.1589 · Cited by 6
Evolution of simple multicellularity increases environmental complexityPreprint
Rebolleda‐Gómez, M., Ratcliff, W. C., FANKHAUSER, J. D., & Travisano, M. (2016) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/067991 · Cited by 6
Transgressive hybrids as hopeful holobionts
Camper, B. T., Kanes, A. S., Laughlin, Z., Manuel, R. T., & Bewick, S. A. (2025) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-024-01994-8 · Cited by 5
Barends, J., & Maritz, B. (2021) · Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1111/jzo.12914 · Cited by 5
Evolutionary Interactions of Feather Molt in Birds
Terrill, R. S. (2017) · doi:10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.4419 · Cited by 5
Testing the evolutionary drivers of nitrogen-fixing symbioses in challenging soil environmentsPreprint
Siniscalchi, C. M., Kates, H. R., Soltis, P. S., Soltis, D. E., Guralnick, R., & Folk, R. A. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.09.27.509719 · Cited by 5
Gianoli, E., Salgado‐Luarte, C., Escobedo, V. M., & Stotz, G. C. (2024) · Evolutionary Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10682-024-10298-0 · Cited by 4
Are talonids more evolvable than trigonids? Evidence from North American Paleogene primates
Hunter, J. P., Schottenstein, N. H., & Jernvall, J. (2024) · Annales Zoologici Fennici · doi:10.5735/086.061.0132 · Cited by 4
Self-citationDixit, N. M., & Guicking, D. (2024) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108028 · Cited by 4
Evolution: Bioluminescent Courtship as an Engine of Diversity
Alfaro, M. E. (2016) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.05.061 · Cited by 4
The evolution and functional morphology of trap-jaw ants
Larabee, F. J. (2015) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 4
Fan, H., Guo, W., Lin, B., Hu, Z., Wang, C., & Li, S. (2024) · Avian Research · doi:10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100188 · Cited by 4
Using Introduced Species of Anolis Lizards to Test Adaptive Radiation Theory
Stroud, J. T. (2018) · doi:10.25148/etd.fidc006576 · Cited by 3
Evolutionary assembly of cooperating cell types in an animal chemical defense systemPreprint
Brückner, A., Badroos, J. M., Learsch, R. W., Yousefelahiyeh, M., Kitchen, S. A., & Parker, J. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.05.13.444042 · Cited by 4
Heterochrony leads to evolutionary novelty: the catfish pectoral-fin spine (Teleostei: Siluriformes)
Kubicek, K. M., Britz, R., & Conway, K. W. (2025) · Biology Letters · doi:10.1098/rsbl.2025.0038 · Cited by 3
Biocultural evolution, narratives, and emerging cultures of sustainability
Glynn, P. D., Cockerill, K., HELGESON, J. F., Newman, G., Glynn, S. A., & White, P. (2025) · Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change · doi:10.1007/s11027-025-10200-5 · Cited by 6
Evolution at all Scales in the Vertebrate Fossil Record
Hunter, J. P. (1999) · The Paleontological Society Special Publications · doi:10.1017/s247526220001409x · Cited by 3
Self-citationSpeciation and the Fossil Record
Liow, L. H. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0001666.pub2 · Cited by 3
Graciano, D. S., Burin, G., Carmello‐Guerreiro, S. M., & Tölke, E. D. (2025) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.70623 · Cited by 2
An Evolving View of Lineage Diversification
Title, P. O., Henao‐Díaz, L. F., Zenil‐Ferguson, R., & Vasconcelos, T. (2025) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1093/sysbio/syaf086 · Cited by 2
Inferring Branch-Specific Rates of Lineage Diversification Under the Birth–Death-Shift Process
Höhna, S., Freyman, W. A., Nolen, Z. J., Huelsenbeck, J. P., May, M. R., Rannala, B. H., & Moore, B. R. (2026) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1093/sysbio/syag003 · Cited by 2
Kassen, R. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192898661.003.0003 · Cited by 1
Incompatibility between two major innovations shaped the diversification of fish feeding mechanisms
Peoples, N., Mihalitsis, M., & Wainwright, P. C. (2025) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3003225 · Cited by 2
Key innovations?: Reply from J.P. Hunter
Hunter, J. P. (1998) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(98)01375-5 · Cited by 2
Self-citationPredicting evolution in diverse communities
Barraclough, T. G. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198749745.003.0009 · Cited by 2
Masters, J. C., & Rayner, R. J. (1998) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(98)01389-5 · Cited by 2
In ‘hot’ pursuit: exploring the evolutionary ecology of labial pits in boas and pythons
Biswas, A., Ghosh, A., & Agashe, M. (2025) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2025.0199 · Cited by 1
Tkach, N., Richter, E., & Röser, M. (2026) · Planta · doi:10.1007/s00425-026-04999-9 · Cited by 1
The contingent advantage of photosymbiosis in coral evolution
Wei, Z., Kiessling, W., Guo, Z., Benton, M. J., Su, L., Huang, Y., & Chen, Z. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2532242123 · Cited by 1
The convergent evolution of the pelvic suction cup: A unique key innovation in spiny-finned fishes
McFarland, E. P., Medeiros, A. P. M., Pedraza-Marrón, C. D. R., Hughes, L. C., Pirro, S., Miller, E. C., Santaquiteria, A., White, W. T., Miya, M. U., Ortı́, G., et al. (2026) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aeh7851 · Cited by 1
繁殖干渉によって生じる生態的形質置換( いま種間競争を問いなおす : 繁殖干渉による挑戦)
小沼, 順., & 聡, 千. (2012) · 日本生態学会誌 · doi:10.18960/seitai.62.2_247 · Cited by 1
Species boundaries and contemporary evolution
Barraclough, T. G. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198749745.003.0007 · Cited by 1
Carter, A., & Roberts, S. F. (2022) · IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering · doi:10.1088/1757-899x/1261/1/012022 · Cited by 1
Role of epigenetic molecular mechanisms in insect evolutionary innovations
Villagra, C. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-19051-3.00009-7 · Cited by 1
Climbers: Evolution and Diversification in Angiosperm
Sharma, S., & Shahzad, A. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19288-8_1 · Cited by 1
Barraclough, T. G. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198749745.003.0005 · Cited by 1
Species and speciation without sex
Barraclough, T. G. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198749745.003.0006 · Cited by 1
Species interactions and contemporary evolution
Barraclough, T. G. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198749745.003.0008 · Cited by 1
Noncoding regions underpin avian bill shape diversification at macroevolutionary scalesPreprint
Yusuf, L. H., Heatley, M. C., Palmer, J., Barton, H. J., Cooney, C. R., & Gossmann, T. I. (2020) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.255752.119 · Cited by 39
Genomic contingencies and beak shape variation in a hybrid speciesPreprint
Runemark, A., Fernández, L. P., Eroukhmanoff, F., & Sætre, G. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/107490 · Cited by 1
Noncoding regions underpin avian bill shape diversification at macroevolutionary scalesPreprint
Yusuf, L., Heatley, M. C., Palmer, J. P. G., Barton, H. J., Cooney, C. R., & Gossmann, T. I. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/844951 · Cited by 2
The Fragility of Evolution: Part One
Susko, M. (2003) · World Futures · doi:10.1080/02604020310141 · Cited by 2
The power of synteny : deep evolutionary insights from comparative genomics
Abrahams, R. S. (2021) · doi:10.32469/10355/88041 · Cited by 1
(2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444342499.refs · Cited by 1
Levinton, J. S. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0001771.pub2 · Cited by 1
Sen, R., & Shaw, K. L. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.09.09.675270 · Cited by 1
Coffman, N. (2011) · CU Scholar (University of Colorado Boulder)
Torres‐Díaz, C., Ruiz, E. A., Salgado‐Luarte, C., Molina‐Montenegro, M. A., & Gianoli, E. (2013)
Evolutionary dynamics of avian and non-avian limb morphology
Hellert, S. M. (2014) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)
Diversity and Diversification Across the Global Radiation of Extant Bats
Shi, J. J. (2018) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan)
Barraclough, T. G. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198749745.003.0002
Barraclough, T. G. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198749745.003.0004
The evidence for species—phenotypic and genetic clustering
Barraclough, T. G. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198749745.003.0003
How does species richness accumulate over time?
Barraclough, T. G. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198749745.003.0010
Striedter, G. F., & Northcutt, R. G. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195125689.003.0001
Striedter, G. F., & Northcutt, R. G. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195125689.003.0007 · Cited by 1
Evolution at All Scales in the Vertebrate Fossil Record
Hunter, J. P. (2002) · The Paleontological Society Special Publications · doi:10.1017/s2475262200009898
Self-citationGillespie, R. G., & Parent, C. E. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/obo/9780199941728-0004
Barraclough, T. G. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198749745.003.0001
Metadata
- Authors
- Hunter, J. P.
- Corresponding author
- Hunter, John P
- ORCID
- Hunter, John P
- Venue
- Trends in Ecology & Evolution
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-01
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 31-36
- ISSN
- 0169-5347 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2025357952
- Cited by
- 340
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 1.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Ecology & Evolution (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Plant Diversity and Evolution
- Keywords
- key innovations, macroevolution, diversification, species richness, sister clade, fossil record, adaptive trade-offs, competitive ability, phenotypic diversity, energy control
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review